sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   6  * Mike Muuss.
   7  *
   8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  10  * are met:
  11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  18  *    without specific prior written permission.
  19  *
  20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  31  *
  32  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  33  * @(#)ping.c   8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
  34  * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ping/ping.c,v 1.111 2007/05/21 14:38:45 cognet Exp $
  35  * $DragonFly: src/sbin/ping/ping.c,v 1.8 2008/09/04 21:00:28 swildner Exp $
  36  */
  37
  38 /*
  39  *                      P I N G . C
  40  *
  41  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  42  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  43  *
  44  * Author -
  45  *      Mike Muuss
  46  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  47  *      December, 1983
  48  *
  49  * Status -
  50  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  51  * Bugs -
  52  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  53  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  54  */
  55
  56 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  57 #include <sys/socket.h>
  58 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  59 #include <sys/time.h>
  60 #include <sys/uio.h>
  61
  62 #include <netinet/in.h>
  63 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  64 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  65 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  66 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  67 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  68
  69 #ifdef IPSEC
  70 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
  71 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  72
  73 #include <ctype.h>
  74 #include <err.h>
  75 #include <errno.h>
  76 #include <math.h>
  77 #include <netdb.h>
  78 #include <signal.h>
  79 #include <stdio.h>
  80 #include <stdlib.h>
  81 #include <string.h>
  82 #include <sysexits.h>
  83 #include <unistd.h>
  84
  85 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
  86 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
  87 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
  88 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
  89 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
  90 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
  91                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
  92 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
  93 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
  94 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
  95 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
  96 #define MAXTOS          255
  97
  98 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
  99 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 100 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 101 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 102 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 103
 104 struct tv32 {
 105         int32_t tv32_sec;
 106         int32_t tv32_usec;
 107 };
 108
 109 /* various options */
 110 int options;
 111 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 112 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 113 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 114 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 115 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 116 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 117 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 118 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 119 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 120 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 121 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 122 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 123 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 124 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 125 #ifdef IPSEC
 126 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 127 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 128 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 129 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 130 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 131 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 132 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 133 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 134 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 135 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 136 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 137 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 138
 139 /*
 140  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 141  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 142  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 143  */
 144 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 145 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 146 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 147
 148 struct sockaddr_in whereto;     /* who to ping */
 149 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 150 int maxpayload;
 151 int s;                          /* socket file descriptor */
 152 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 153 char BBELL = '\a';              /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 154 char BSPACE = '\b';             /* characters written for flood */
 155 char DOT = '.';
 156 char *hostname;
 157 char *shostname;
 158 int ident;                      /* process id to identify our packets */
 159 int uid;                        /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 160 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 161 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 162 int phdr_len = 0;
 163 int send_len;
 164
 165 /* counters */
 166 long nmissedmax;                /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 167 long npackets;                  /* max packets to transmit */
 168 long nreceived;                 /* # of packets we got back */
 169 long nrepeats;                  /* number of duplicates */
 170 long ntransmitted;              /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 171 long snpackets;                 /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 172 long snreceived;                /* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
 173 long sntransmitted;             /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 174 int sweepmax;                   /* max value of payload in sweep */
 175 int sweepmin = 0;               /* start value of payload in sweep */
 176 int sweepincr = 1;              /* payload increment in sweep */
 177 int interval = 1000;            /* interval between packets, ms */
 178 int waittime = MAXWAIT;         /* timeout for each packet */
 179 long nrcvtimeout = 0;           /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 180
 181 /* timing */
 182 int timing;                     /* flag to do timing */
 183 double tmin = 999999999.0;      /* minimum round trip time */
 184 double tmax = 0.0;              /* maximum round trip time */
 185 double tsum = 0.0;              /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 186 double tsumsq = 0.0;            /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 187
 188 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 189 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 190
 191 static void fill(char *, char *);
 192 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
 193 static void check_status(void);
 194 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 195 static void pinger(void);
 196 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 197 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 198 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
 199 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 200 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
 201 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
 202 static void status(int);
 203 static void stopit(int);
 204 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
 205 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 206
 207 int
 208 main(int argc, char **argv)
 209 {
 210         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 211         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 212         struct timeval last, intvl;
 213         struct iovec iov;
 214         struct ip *ip;
 215         struct msghdr msg;
 216         struct sigaction si_sa;
 217         size_t sz;
 218         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 219         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 220         struct hostent *hp;
 221 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 222         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 223 #endif
 224         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 225         double t;
 226         u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
 227         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload, sockerrno,
 228             tos, ttl;
 229         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
 230         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 231 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 232         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 233 #endif
 234         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 235
 236         payload = source = NULL;
 237 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 238         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 239 #endif
 240
 241         /*
 242          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 243          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 244          * after arg parsing.
 245          */
 246         s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 247         sockerrno = errno;
 248
 249         setuid(getuid());
 250         uid = getuid();
 251
 252         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 253
 254         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 255         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 256                 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 257 #ifdef IPSEC
 258 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 259                 "P:"
 260 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 261 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 262                 )) != -1)
 263         {
 264                 switch(ch) {
 265                 case 'A':
 266                         options |= F_MISSED;
 267                         break;
 268                 case 'a':
 269                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 270                         break;
 271                 case 'c':
 272                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 273                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
 274                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 275                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 276                                     optarg);
 277                         npackets = ultmp;
 278                         break;
 279                 case 'D':
 280                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 281                         df = 1;
 282                         break;
 283                 case 'd':
 284                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 285                         break;
 286                 case 'f':
 287                         if (uid) {
 288                                 errno = EPERM;
 289                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 290                         }
 291                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 292                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 293                         break;
 294                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 295                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 296                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 297                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 298                                     optarg);
 299                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 300                                 errno = EPERM;
 301                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 302                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 303                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 304                         }
 305                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 306                         sweepmax = ultmp;
 307                         break;
 308                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 309                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 310                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 311                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 312                                     optarg);
 313                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 314                                 errno = EPERM;
 315                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 316                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 317                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 318                         }
 319                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 320                         sweepmin = ultmp;
 321                         break;
 322                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 323                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 324                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
 325                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 326                                     optarg);
 327                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 328                                 errno = EPERM;
 329                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 330                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 331                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 332                         }
 333                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 334                         sweepincr = ultmp;
 335                         break;
 336                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 337                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 338                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 339                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 340                                     optarg);
 341                         options |= F_MIF;
 342                         break;
 343                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 344                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 345                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 346                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 347                                     optarg);
 348                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 349                         interval = (int)t;
 350                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 351                                 errno = EPERM;
 352                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 353                         }
 354                         break;
 355                 case 'L':
 356                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 357                         loop = 0;
 358                         break;
 359                 case 'l':
 360                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 361                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
 362                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 363                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 364                         if (uid) {
 365                                 errno = EPERM;
 366                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 367                         }
 368                         preload = ultmp;
 369                         break;
 370                 case 'M':
 371                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 372                         case 'M':
 373                         case 'm':
 374                                 options |= F_MASK;
 375                                 break;
 376                         case 'T':
 377                         case 't':
 378                                 options |= F_TIME;
 379                                 break;
 380                         default:
 381                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 382                                 break;
 383                         }
 384                         break;
 385                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 386                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 387                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 388                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 389                         ttl = ultmp;
 390                         options |= F_TTL;
 391                         break;
 392                 case 'n':
 393                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 394                         break;
 395                 case 'o':
 396                         options |= F_ONCE;
 397                         break;
 398 #ifdef IPSEC
 399 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 400                 case 'P':
 401                         options |= F_POLICY;
 402                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 403                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 404                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 405                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 406                         else
 407                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 408                         break;
 409 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 410 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 411                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 412                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 413                         payload = optarg;
 414                         break;
 415                 case 'Q':
 416                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 417                         break;
 418                 case 'q':
 419                         options |= F_QUIET;
 420                         break;
 421                 case 'R':
 422                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 423                         break;
 424                 case 'r':
 425                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 426                         break;
 427                 case 'S':
 428                         source = optarg;
 429                         break;
 430                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 431                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 432                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 433                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 434                                     optarg);
 435                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 436                                 errno = EPERM;
 437                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 438                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 439                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 440                         }
 441                         datalen = ultmp;
 442                         break;
 443                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 444                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 445                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 446                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 447                                     optarg);
 448                         mttl = ultmp;
 449                         options |= F_MTTL;
 450                         break;
 451                 case 't':
 452                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 453                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 454                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 455                                     optarg);
 456                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 457                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 458                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 459                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 460                         break;
 461                 case 'v':
 462                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 463                         break;
 464                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 465                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 466                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 467                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 468                                     optarg);
 469                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 470                         waittime = (int)t;
 471                         break;
 472                 case 'z':
 473                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 474                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 475                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
 476                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 477                         tos = ultmp;
 478                         break;
 479                 default:
 480                         usage();
 481                 }
 482         }
 483
 484         if (argc - optind != 1)
 485                 usage();
 486         target = argv[optind];
 487
 488         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 489         case 0: break;
 490         case F_MASK:
 491                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 492                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 493                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 494                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 495                         printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 496                 break;
 497         case F_TIME:
 498                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 499                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 500                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 501                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 502                         printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 503                 break;
 504         default:
 505                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 506                 break;
 507         }
 508         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 509         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 510                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 511         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 512         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 513                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 514                     maxpayload);
 515         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 516         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 517         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 518                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 519         }
 520         if (source) {
 521                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 522                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 523                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 524                         shostname = source;
 525                 } else {
 526                         hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
 527                         if (!hp)
 528                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 529                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 530
 531                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 532                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 533                             hp->h_length < 0)
 534                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 535                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 536                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 537                         strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 538                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 539                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 540                         shostname = snamebuf;
 541                 }
 542                 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1)
 543                         err(1, "bind");
 544         }
 545
 546         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 547         to = &whereto;
 548         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 549         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 550         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 551                 hostname = target;
 552         } else {
 553                 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
 554                 if (!hp)
 555                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 556                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 557
 558                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 559                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 560                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 561                 strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 562                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 563                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 564         }
 565
 566         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 567                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 568
 569         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 570                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 571                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 572         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 573             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 574                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 575                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 576
 577         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 578                 timing = 1;
 579
 580         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 581                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 582                         *datap++ = i;
 583
 584         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 585
 586         if (s < 0) {
 587                 errno = sockerrno;
 588                 err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
 589         }
 590         hold = 1;
 591         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
 592                 setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 593                     sizeof(hold));
 594         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 595                 setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 596                     sizeof(hold));
 597 #ifdef IPSEC
 598 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 599         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 600                 char *buf;
 601                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 602                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 603                         if (buf == NULL)
 604                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 605                         if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 606                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 607                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 608                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 609                         free(buf);
 610                 }
 611
 612                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 613                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 614                         if (buf == NULL)
 615                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 616                         if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 617                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 618                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 619                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 620                         free(buf);
 621                 }
 622         }
 623 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 624 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 625
 626         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 627                 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
 628                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 629                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 630                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 631                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 632                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 633                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 634                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 635                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 636                 }
 637                 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 638                 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
 639                 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 640                 ip->ip_tos = tos;
 641                 ip->ip_id = 0;
 642                 ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
 643                 ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
 644                 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 645                 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 646                 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 647         }
 648         /* record route option */
 649         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 650 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 651                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 652                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 653                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 654                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 655                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 656                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 657                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 658                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 659 #else
 660                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 661                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 662 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 663         }
 664
 665         if (options & F_TTL) {
 666                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 667                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 668                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 669                 }
 670         }
 671         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 672                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 673                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 674                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 675                 }
 676         }
 677         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 678                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 679                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 680                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 681                 }
 682         }
 683         if (options & F_MIF) {
 684                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 685                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 686                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 687                 }
 688         }
 689 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 690         { int on = 1;
 691         if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 692                 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 693         }
 694 #endif
 695         if (sweepmax) {
 696                 if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
 697                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
 698
 699                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 700                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 701
 702                 if (npackets > 0) {
 703                         snpackets = npackets;
 704                         npackets = 0;
 705                 } else
 706                         snpackets = 1;
 707                 datalen = sweepmin;
 708                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 709         }
 710         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 711                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 712
 713         /*
 714          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 715          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 716          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 717          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 718          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 719          */
 720
 721         /*
 722          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 723          * as well.
 724          */
 725         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 726         setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 727             sizeof(hold));
 728         if (uid == 0)
 729                 setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 730                     sizeof(hold));
 731
 732         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 733                 printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 734                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 735                 if (source)
 736                         printf(" from %s", shostname);
 737                 if (sweepmax)
 738                         printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 739                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 740                 else
 741                         printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 742
 743         } else {
 744                 if (sweepmax)
 745                         printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 746                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 747                 else
 748                         printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 749         }
 750
 751         /*
 752          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 753          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 754          */
 755
 756         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 757         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 758
 759         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 760         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 761                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 762         }
 763
 764         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 765         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 766                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 767         }
 768
 769         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 770                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 771                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 772                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 773         }
 774
 775         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 776         msg.msg_name = &from;
 777         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 778         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 779 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 780         msg.msg_control = ctrl;
 781 #endif
 782         iov.iov_base = (char *)packet;
 783         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 784
 785         if (preload == 0)
 786                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 787         else {
 788                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 789                         preload = npackets;
 790                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 791                         pinger();
 792         }
 793         gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 794
 795         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 796                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 797                 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
 798         } else {
 799                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 800                 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
 801         }
 802
 803         almost_done = 0;
 804         while (!finish_up) {
 805                 struct timeval now, timeout;
 806                 fd_set rfds;
 807                 int cc, n;
 808
 809                 check_status();
 810                 if ((unsigned)s >= FD_SETSIZE)
 811                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 812                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 813                 FD_SET(s, &rfds);
 814                 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 815                 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
 816                 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
 817                 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
 818                         timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
 819                         timeout.tv_sec--;
 820                 }
 821                 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
 822                         timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
 823                         timeout.tv_sec++;
 824                 }
 825                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 826                         timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
 827                 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
 828                 if (n < 0)
 829                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 830                 if (n == 1) {
 831                         struct timeval *tv = NULL;
 832 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 833                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
 834
 835                         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 836 #endif
 837                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 838                         if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 839                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 840                                         continue;
 841                                 warn("recvmsg");
 842                                 continue;
 843                         }
 844 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 845                         if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 846                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 847                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 848                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 849                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 850                                 tv = &now;
 851                         }
 852 #endif
 853                         if (tv == NULL) {
 854                                 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 855                                 tv = &now;
 856                         }
 857                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 858                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 859                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 860                                 break;
 861                 }
 862                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 863                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 864                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 865                                         *datap++ = i;
 866                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 867                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 868                                         break;
 869                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 870                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 871                         }
 872                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 873                                 pinger();
 874                         else {
 875                                 if (almost_done)
 876                                         break;
 877                                 almost_done = 1;
 878                                 intvl.tv_usec = 0;
 879                                 if (nreceived) {
 880                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 881                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 882                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 883                                 } else {
 884                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 885                                         intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
 886                                 }
 887                         }
 888                         gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 889                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
 890                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
 891                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
 892                                         write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
 893                         }
 894                 }
 895         }
 896         finish();
 897         /* NOTREACHED */
 898         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
 899 }
 900
 901 /*
 902  * stopit --
 903  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
 904  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
 905  * to be called from a signal handler.
 906  */
 907 void
 908 stopit(int sig __unused)
 909 {
 910
 911         /*
 912          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
 913          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
 914          */
 915         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
 916                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
 917         finish_up = 1;
 918 }
 919
 920 /*
 921  * pinger --
 922  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
 923  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
 924  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
 925  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
 926  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
 927  */
 928 static void
 929 pinger(void)
 930 {
 931         struct timeval now;
 932         struct tv32 tv32;
 933         struct ip *ip;
 934         struct icmp *icp;
 935         int cc, i;
 936         u_char *packet;
 937
 938         packet = outpack;
 939         icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
 940         icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
 941         icp->icmp_code = 0;
 942         icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
 943         icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
 944         icp->icmp_id = ident;                   /* ID */
 945
 946         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
 947
 948         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
 949                 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 950
 951                 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
 952                 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
 953                 if (options & F_TIME)
 954                         icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
 955                                 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
 956                 if (timing)
 957                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
 958                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
 959                             sizeof(tv32));
 960         }
 961
 962         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
 963
 964         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
 965         icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
 966
 967         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 968                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
 969                 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
 970                 ip->ip_len = cc;
 971                 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
 972                 packet = outpackhdr;
 973         }
 974         i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
 975             sizeof(whereto));
 976
 977         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
 978                 if (i < 0) {
 979                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
 980                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
 981                                 return;
 982                         }
 983                         warn("sendto");
 984                 } else {
 985                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
 986                              hostname, i, cc);
 987                 }
 988         }
 989         ntransmitted++;
 990         sntransmitted++;
 991         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
 992                 write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
 993 }
 994
 995 /*
 996  * pr_pack --
 997  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
 998  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
 999  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1000  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1001  */
1002 static void
1003 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1004 {
1005         struct in_addr ina;
1006         u_char *cp, *dp;
1007         struct icmp *icp;
1008         struct ip *ip;
1009         const void *tp;
1010         double triptime;
1011         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1012         static int old_rrlen;
1013         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1014
1015         /* Check the IP header */
1016         ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1017         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1018         recv_len = cc;
1019         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1020                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1021                         warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1022                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1023                 return;
1024         }
1025
1026         /* Now the ICMP part */
1027         cc -= hlen;
1028         icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1029         if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1030                 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1031                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1032                 ++nreceived;
1033                 triptime = 0.0;
1034                 if (timing) {
1035                         struct timeval tv1;
1036                         struct tv32 tv32;
1037 #ifndef icmp_data
1038                         tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1039 #else
1040                         tp = icp->icmp_data;
1041 #endif
1042                         tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1043
1044                         if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= (int)sizeof(tv1)) {
1045                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1046                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1047                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1048                                 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1049                                 tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1050                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1051                                     ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1052                                 tsum += triptime;
1053                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1054                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1055                                         tmin = triptime;
1056                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1057                                         tmax = triptime;
1058                         } else
1059                                 timing = 0;
1060                 }
1061
1062                 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1063
1064                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1065                         ++nrepeats;
1066                         --nreceived;
1067                         dupflag = 1;
1068                 } else {
1069                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1070                         dupflag = 0;
1071                 }
1072
1073                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1074                         return;
1075
1076                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1077                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1078                         return;
1079                 }
1080
1081                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1082                         write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1083                 else {
1084                         printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1085                            inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1086                            seq);
1087                         printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1088                         if (timing)
1089                                 printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1090                         if (dupflag)
1091                                 printf(" (DUP!)");
1092                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1093                                 write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1094                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1095                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1096                                 printf(" mask=%s",
1097                                         pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1098                         }
1099                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1100                                 printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1101                                 printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1102                                 printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1103                         }
1104                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1105                                 printf(
1106                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1107                                      recv_len, send_len);
1108                         }
1109                         /* check the data */
1110                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1111                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1112                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1113                         i = 0;
1114                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1115                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1116                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1117                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1118                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1119                         }
1120                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1121                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1122         printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1123             i, *dp, *cp);
1124                                         printf("\ncp:");
1125                                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1126                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1127                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1128                                                         printf("\n\t");
1129                                                 printf("%2x ", *cp);
1130                                         }
1131                                         printf("\ndp:");
1132                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1133                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1134                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1135                                                         printf("\n\t");
1136                                                 printf("%2x ", *cp);
1137                                         }
1138                                         break;
1139                                 }
1140                         }
1141                 }
1142         } else {
1143                 /*
1144                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1145                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1146                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1147                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1148                  *
1149                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1150                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1151                  * available to those not running as root.
1152                  */
1153 #ifndef icmp_data
1154                 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1155 #else
1156                 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1157 #endif
1158                 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1159
1160                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1161                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1162                      (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1163                      (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1164                      (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1165                      (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1166                     printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1167                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1168                     pr_icmph(icp);
1169                 } else
1170                     return;
1171         }
1172
1173         /* Display any IP options */
1174         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1175
1176         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1177                 switch (*cp) {
1178                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1179                         hlen = 0;
1180                         break;
1181                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1182                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1183                         printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1184                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1185                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1186                         hlen -= 2;
1187                         cp += 2;
1188                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1189                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1190                                 for (;;) {
1191                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1192                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1193                                                 printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1194                                         else
1195                                                 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina));
1196                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1197                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1198                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1199                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1200                                                 break;
1201                                         putchar('\n');
1202                                 }
1203                         } else
1204                                 printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1205                         break;
1206                 case IPOPT_RR:
1207                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1208                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1209                         hlen -= 2;
1210                         cp += 2;
1211                         if (i > j)
1212                                 i = j;
1213                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1214                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1215                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1216                                 continue;
1217                         }
1218                         if (i == old_rrlen
1219                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1220                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1221                                 printf("\t(same route)");
1222                                 hlen -= i;
1223                                 cp += i;
1224                                 break;
1225                         }
1226                         old_rrlen = i;
1227                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1228                         printf("\nRR: ");
1229                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1230                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1231                                 for (;;) {
1232                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1233                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1234                                                 printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1235                                         else
1236                                                 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina));
1237                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1238                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1239                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1240                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1241                                                 break;
1242                                         putchar('\n');
1243                                 }
1244                         } else
1245                                 printf("\t(truncated route)");
1246                         break;
1247                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1248                         printf("\nNOP");
1249                         break;
1250                 default:
1251                         printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1252                         break;
1253                 }
1254         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1255                 putchar('\n');
1256                 fflush(stdout);
1257         }
1258 }
1259
1260 /*
1261  * in_cksum --
1262  *      Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1263  */
1264 u_short
1265 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1266 {
1267         int nleft, sum;
1268         u_short *w;
1269         union {
1270                 u_short us;
1271                 u_char  uc[2];
1272         } last;
1273         u_short answer;
1274
1275         nleft = len;
1276         sum = 0;
1277         w = addr;
1278
1279         /*
1280          * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1281          * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1282          * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1283          */
1284         while (nleft > 1)  {
1285                 sum += *w++;
1286                 nleft -= 2;
1287         }
1288
1289         /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1290         if (nleft == 1) {
1291                 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1292                 last.uc[1] = 0;
1293                 sum += last.us;
1294         }
1295
1296         /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1297         sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);     /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1298         sum += (sum >> 16);                     /* add carry */
1299         answer = ~sum;                          /* truncate to 16 bits */
1300         return(answer);
1301 }
1302
1303 /*
1304  * tvsub --
1305  *      Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1306  * be >= in.
1307  */
1308 static void
1309 tvsub(struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in)
1310 {
1311
1312         if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1313                 --out->tv_sec;
1314                 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1315         }
1316         out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1317 }
1318
1319 /*
1320  * status --
1321  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1322  */
1323
1324 static void
1325 status(int sig __unused)
1326 {
1327
1328         siginfo_p = 1;
1329 }
1330
1331 static void
1332 check_status(void)
1333 {
1334
1335         if (siginfo_p) {
1336                 siginfo_p = 0;
1337                 fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1338                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1339                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1340                 if (nreceived && timing)
1341                         fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1342                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1343                 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1344         }
1345 }
1346
1347 /*
1348  * finish --
1349  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1350  */
1351 static void
1352 finish(void)
1353 {
1354
1355         signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1356         signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1357         putchar('\n');
1358         fflush(stdout);
1359         printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1360         printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1361         printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1362         if (nrepeats)
1363                 printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1364         if (ntransmitted) {
1365                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1366                         printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1367                 else
1368                         printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1369                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1370                             ntransmitted);
1371         }
1372         if (nrcvtimeout)
1373                 printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1374         putchar('\n');
1375         if (nreceived && timing) {
1376                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1377                 double avg = tsum / n;
1378                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1379                 printf(
1380                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1381                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1382         }
1383
1384         if (nreceived)
1385                 exit(0);
1386         else
1387                 exit(2);
1388 }
1389
1390 #ifdef notdef
1391 static char *ttab[] = {
1392         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1393         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1394         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1395         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1396         "Echo",
1397         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1398         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1399         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1400         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1401         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1402         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1403 };
1404 #endif
1405
1406 /*
1407  * pr_icmph --
1408  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1409  */
1410 static void
1411 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1412 {
1413
1414         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1415         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1416                 printf("Echo Reply\n");
1417                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1418                 break;
1419         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1420                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1421                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1422                         printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1423                         break;
1424                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1425                         printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1426                         break;
1427                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1428                         printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1429                         break;
1430                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1431                         printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1432                         break;
1433                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1434                         printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1435                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1436                         break;
1437                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1438                         printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1439                         break;
1440                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1441                         printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1442                         break;
1443                 default:
1444                         printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1445                             icp->icmp_code);
1446                         break;
1447                 }
1448                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1449 #ifndef icmp_data
1450                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1451 #else
1452                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1453 #endif
1454                 break;
1455         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1456                 printf("Source Quench\n");
1457 #ifndef icmp_data
1458                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1459 #else
1460                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1461 #endif
1462                 break;
1463         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1464                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1465                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1466                         printf("Redirect Network");
1467                         break;
1468                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1469                         printf("Redirect Host");
1470                         break;
1471                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1472                         printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1473                         break;
1474                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1475                         printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1476                         break;
1477                 default:
1478                         printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1479                         break;
1480                 }
1481                 printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1482 #ifndef icmp_data
1483                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1484 #else
1485                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1486 #endif
1487                 break;
1488         case ICMP_ECHO:
1489                 printf("Echo Request\n");
1490                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1491                 break;
1492         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1493                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1494                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1495                         printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1496                         break;
1497                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1498                         printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1499                         break;
1500                 default:
1501                         printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1502                             icp->icmp_code);
1503                         break;
1504                 }
1505 #ifndef icmp_data
1506                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1507 #else
1508                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1509 #endif
1510                 break;
1511         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1512                 printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1513                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1514 #ifndef icmp_data
1515                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1516 #else
1517                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1518 #endif
1519                 break;
1520         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1521                 printf("Timestamp\n");
1522                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1523                 break;
1524         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1525                 printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1526                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1527                 break;
1528         case ICMP_IREQ:
1529                 printf("Information Request\n");
1530                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1531                 break;
1532         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1533                 printf("Information Reply\n");
1534                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1535                 break;
1536         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1537                 printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1538                 break;
1539         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1540                 printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1541                 break;
1542         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1543                 printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1544                 break;
1545         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1546                 printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1547                 break;
1548         default:
1549                 printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1550         }
1551 }
1552
1553 /*
1554  * pr_iph --
1555  *      Print an IP header with options.
1556  */
1557 static void
1558 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1559 {
1560         u_char *cp;
1561         int hlen;
1562
1563         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1564         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1565
1566         printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1567         printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1568             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1569             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1570         printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1571             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1572             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1573         printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1574         printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1575         printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1576         /* dump any option bytes */
1577         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1578                 printf("%02x", *cp++);
1579         }
1580         putchar('\n');
1581 }
1582
1583 /*
1584  * pr_addr --
1585  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1586  * a hostname.
1587  */
1588 static char *
1589 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1590 {
1591         struct hostent *hp;
1592         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1593
1594         if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1595             !(hp = gethostbyaddr(&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1596                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1597         else
1598                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1599                     inet_ntoa(ina));
1600         return(buf);
1601 }
1602
1603 /*
1604  * pr_retip --
1605  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1606  */
1607 static void
1608 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1609 {
1610         u_char *cp;
1611         int hlen;
1612
1613         pr_iph(ip);
1614         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1615         cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1616
1617         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1618                 printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1619                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1620         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1621                 printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1622                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1623 }
1624
1625 static char *
1626 pr_ntime (n_time timestamp)
1627 {
1628         static char buf[10];
1629         int hour, min, sec;
1630
1631         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1632         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1633         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1634         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1635
1636         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1637
1638         return (buf);
1639 }
1640
1641 static void
1642 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1643 {
1644         char *cp;
1645         int pat[16];
1646         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1647
1648         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1649                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1650                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1651                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1652
1653         }
1654         ii = sscanf(patp,
1655             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1656             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1657             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1658             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1659
1660         if (ii > 0)
1661                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1662                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1663                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1664         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1665                 printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1666                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1667                         printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1668                 printf("\n");
1669         }
1670 }
1671
1672 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1673 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1674 #else
1675 #define SECOPT          ""
1676 #endif
1677 static void
1678 usage(void)
1679 {
1680
1681         fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1682 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1683 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1684 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1685 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1686 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1687 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1688 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1689 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1690         exit(EX_USAGE);
1691 }