1 .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 .\" Copyright 1989 by Kenneth Almquist
8 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
18 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
19 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 .\" without specific prior written permission.
24 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36 .\" @(#)echo.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/4/95
37 .\" $FreeBSD: src/bin/sh/bltin/echo.1,v 1.7.2.5 2003/01/24 02:37:51 keramida Exp $
38 .\" $DragonFly: src/bin/sh/bltin/echo.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:22:50 dillon Exp $
45 .Nd produce message in a shell script
53 utility prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces.
56 option is present, a newline is output following the arguments.
61 to treat the escape sequences specially, as described in the following
65 option is the default, and is provided solely for compatibility with
67 Only one of the options
73 If any of the following sequences of characters is encountered during
74 output, the sequence is not output. Instead, the specified action is
76 .Bl -tag -width indent
78 A backspace character is output.
80 Subsequent output is suppressed. This is normally used at the end of the
81 last argument to suppress the trailing newline that
83 would otherwise output.
87 Output a newline character.
89 Output a carriage return.
91 Output a (horizontal) tab character.
93 Output a vertical tab.
94 .It Li \e0 Ns Ar digits
95 Output the character whose value is given by zero to three digits.
96 If there are zero digits, a
103 Remember that backslash is special to the shell and needs to be escaped.
104 To output a message to standard error, say
108 The octal character escape mechanism
109 .Pq Li \e0 Ns Ar digits
111 C language mechanism.
113 There is no way to force
115 to treat its arguments literally, rather than interpreting them as
116 options and escape sequences.