2 * Copyright (c) 1999 Doug Rabson
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/isa/isa_common.c,v 1.16.2.1 2000/09/16 15:49:52 roger Exp $
27 * $DragonFly: src/sys/bus/isa/isa_common.c,v 1.5 2004/04/07 05:54:32 dillon Exp $
30 * Modifications for Intel architecture by Garrett A. Wollman.
31 * Copyright 1998 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
33 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
34 * its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
35 * granted, provided that both the above copyright notice and this
36 * permission notice appear in all copies, that both the above
37 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
38 * supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used
39 * in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
40 * software without specific, written prior permission. M.I.T. makes
41 * no representations about the suitability of this software for any
42 * purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied
45 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY M.I.T. ``AS IS''. M.I.T. DISCLAIMS
46 * ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
47 * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
48 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT
49 * SHALL M.I.T. BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
50 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
51 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
52 * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
53 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
54 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
55 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
60 * Parts of the ISA bus implementation common to all architectures.
63 #include <sys/param.h>
64 #include <sys/systm.h>
65 #include <sys/kernel.h>
67 #include <sys/malloc.h>
68 #include <sys/module.h>
69 #include <machine/bus.h>
72 #include <machine/resource.h>
75 #include "isa_common.h"
76 #ifdef __alpha__ /* XXX workaround a stupid warning */
80 static int isa_print_child (device_t, device_t);
82 MALLOC_DEFINE(M_ISADEV, "isadev", "ISA device");
84 static devclass_t isa_devclass;
85 static int isa_running;
88 * At 'probe' time, we add all the devices which we know about to the
89 * bus. The generic attach routine will probe and attach them if they
93 isa_probe(device_t dev)
95 device_set_desc(dev, "ISA bus");
96 isa_init(); /* Allow machdep code to initialise */
100 extern device_t isa_bus_device;
103 isa_attach(device_t dev)
106 * Arrange for isa_probe_children(dev) to be called later. XXX
108 isa_bus_device = dev;
113 * Find a working set of memory regions for a child using the ranges
114 * in *config and return the regions in *result. Returns non-zero if
115 * a set of ranges was found.
118 isa_find_memory(device_t child,
119 struct isa_config *config,
120 struct isa_config *result)
123 struct resource *res[ISA_NMEM];
126 * First clear out any existing resource definitions.
128 for (i = 0; i < ISA_NMEM; i++) {
129 bus_delete_resource(child, SYS_RES_MEMORY, i);
134 result->ic_nmem = config->ic_nmem;
135 for (i = 0; i < config->ic_nmem; i++) {
136 u_int32_t start, end, size, align;
137 for (start = config->ic_mem[i].ir_start,
138 end = config->ic_mem[i].ir_end,
139 size = config->ic_mem[i].ir_size,
140 align = config->ic_mem[i].ir_align;
141 start + size - 1 <= end;
143 bus_set_resource(child, SYS_RES_MEMORY, i,
145 res[i] = bus_alloc_resource(child,
147 0, ~0, 1, 0 /* !RF_ACTIVE */);
149 result->ic_mem[i].ir_start = start;
150 result->ic_mem[i].ir_end = start + size - 1;
151 result->ic_mem[i].ir_size = size;
152 result->ic_mem[i].ir_align = align;
158 * If we didn't find a place for memory range i, then
167 for (i = 0; i < ISA_NMEM; i++) {
169 bus_release_resource(child, SYS_RES_MEMORY,
177 * Find a working set of port regions for a child using the ranges
178 * in *config and return the regions in *result. Returns non-zero if
179 * a set of ranges was found.
182 isa_find_port(device_t child,
183 struct isa_config *config,
184 struct isa_config *result)
187 struct resource *res[ISA_NPORT];
190 * First clear out any existing resource definitions.
192 for (i = 0; i < ISA_NPORT; i++) {
193 bus_delete_resource(child, SYS_RES_IOPORT, i);
198 result->ic_nport = config->ic_nport;
199 for (i = 0; i < config->ic_nport; i++) {
200 u_int32_t start, end, size, align;
201 for (start = config->ic_port[i].ir_start,
202 end = config->ic_port[i].ir_end,
203 size = config->ic_port[i].ir_size,
204 align = config->ic_port[i].ir_align;
205 start + size - 1 <= end;
207 bus_set_resource(child, SYS_RES_IOPORT, i,
209 res[i] = bus_alloc_resource(child,
211 0, ~0, 1, 0 /* !RF_ACTIVE */);
213 result->ic_port[i].ir_start = start;
214 result->ic_port[i].ir_end = start + size - 1;
215 result->ic_port[i].ir_size = size;
216 result->ic_port[i].ir_align = align;
222 * If we didn't find a place for port range i, then
231 for (i = 0; i < ISA_NPORT; i++) {
233 bus_release_resource(child, SYS_RES_IOPORT,
241 * Return the index of the first bit in the mask (or -1 if mask is empty.
244 find_first_bit(u_int32_t mask)
246 return ffs(mask) - 1;
250 * Return the index of the next bit in the mask, or -1 if there are no more.
253 find_next_bit(u_int32_t mask, int bit)
256 while (bit < 32 && !(mask & (1 << bit)))
264 * Find a working set of irqs for a child using the masks in *config
265 * and return the regions in *result. Returns non-zero if a set of
269 isa_find_irq(device_t child,
270 struct isa_config *config,
271 struct isa_config *result)
274 struct resource *res[ISA_NIRQ];
277 * First clear out any existing resource definitions.
279 for (i = 0; i < ISA_NIRQ; i++) {
280 bus_delete_resource(child, SYS_RES_IRQ, i);
285 result->ic_nirq = config->ic_nirq;
286 for (i = 0; i < config->ic_nirq; i++) {
287 u_int32_t mask = config->ic_irqmask[i];
289 for (irq = find_first_bit(mask);
291 irq = find_next_bit(mask, irq)) {
292 bus_set_resource(child, SYS_RES_IRQ, i,
294 res[i] = bus_alloc_resource(child,
296 0, ~0, 1, 0 /* !RF_ACTIVE */ );
298 result->ic_irqmask[i] = (1 << irq);
304 * If we didn't find a place for irq range i, then
313 for (i = 0; i < ISA_NIRQ; i++) {
315 bus_release_resource(child, SYS_RES_IRQ,
323 * Find a working set of drqs for a child using the masks in *config
324 * and return the regions in *result. Returns non-zero if a set of
328 isa_find_drq(device_t child,
329 struct isa_config *config,
330 struct isa_config *result)
333 struct resource *res[ISA_NDRQ];
336 * First clear out any existing resource definitions.
338 for (i = 0; i < ISA_NDRQ; i++) {
339 bus_delete_resource(child, SYS_RES_DRQ, i);
344 result->ic_ndrq = config->ic_ndrq;
345 for (i = 0; i < config->ic_ndrq; i++) {
346 u_int32_t mask = config->ic_drqmask[i];
348 for (drq = find_first_bit(mask);
350 drq = find_next_bit(mask, drq)) {
351 bus_set_resource(child, SYS_RES_DRQ, i,
353 res[i] = bus_alloc_resource(child,
355 0, ~0, 1, 0 /* !RF_ACTIVE */);
357 result->ic_drqmask[i] = (1 << drq);
363 * If we didn't find a place for drq range i, then
372 for (i = 0; i < ISA_NDRQ; i++) {
374 bus_release_resource(child, SYS_RES_DRQ,
382 * Attempt to find a working set of resources for a device. Return
383 * non-zero if a working configuration is found.
386 isa_assign_resources(device_t child)
388 struct isa_device *idev = DEVTOISA(child);
389 struct isa_config_entry *ice;
390 struct isa_config config;
392 bzero(&config, sizeof config);
393 TAILQ_FOREACH(ice, &idev->id_configs, ice_link) {
394 if (!isa_find_memory(child, &ice->ice_config, &config))
396 if (!isa_find_port(child, &ice->ice_config, &config))
398 if (!isa_find_irq(child, &ice->ice_config, &config))
400 if (!isa_find_drq(child, &ice->ice_config, &config))
404 * A working configuration was found enable the device
405 * with this configuration.
407 if (idev->id_config_cb) {
408 idev->id_config_cb(idev->id_config_arg,
415 * Disable the device.
417 bus_print_child_header(device_get_parent(child), child);
418 printf(" can't assign resources\n");
420 isa_print_child(device_get_parent(child), child);
421 bzero(&config, sizeof config);
422 if (idev->id_config_cb)
423 idev->id_config_cb(idev->id_config_arg, &config, 0);
424 device_disable(child);
430 * Called after other devices have initialised to probe for isa devices.
433 isa_probe_children(device_t dev)
439 * Create all the children by calling driver's identify methods.
441 bus_generic_probe(dev);
443 if (device_get_children(dev, &children, &nchildren))
447 * First disable all pnp devices so that they don't get
448 * matched by legacy probes.
451 printf("isa_probe_children: disabling PnP devices\n");
452 for (i = 0; i < nchildren; i++) {
453 device_t child = children[i];
454 struct isa_device *idev = DEVTOISA(child);
455 struct isa_config config;
457 bzero(&config, sizeof config);
458 if (idev->id_config_cb)
459 idev->id_config_cb(idev->id_config_arg, &config, 0);
463 * Next probe all non-pnp devices so that they claim their
467 printf("isa_probe_children: probing non-PnP devices\n");
468 for (i = 0; i < nchildren; i++) {
469 device_t child = children[i];
470 struct isa_device *idev = DEVTOISA(child);
472 if (TAILQ_FIRST(&idev->id_configs))
475 device_probe_and_attach(child);
479 * Finally assign resource to pnp devices and probe them.
482 printf("isa_probe_children: probing PnP devices\n");
483 for (i = 0; i < nchildren; i++) {
484 device_t child = children[i];
485 struct isa_device* idev = DEVTOISA(child);
487 if (!TAILQ_FIRST(&idev->id_configs))
490 if (isa_assign_resources(child)) {
491 struct resource_list *rl = &idev->id_resources;
492 struct resource_list_entry *rle;
494 device_probe_and_attach(child);
497 * Claim any unallocated resources to keep other
498 * devices from using them.
500 SLIST_FOREACH(rle, rl, link) {
503 resource_list_alloc(rl, dev, child,
513 free(children, M_TEMP);
519 * Add a new child with default ivars.
522 isa_add_child(device_t dev, int order, const char *name, int unit)
525 struct isa_device *idev;
527 idev = malloc(sizeof(struct isa_device), M_ISADEV, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
529 resource_list_init(&idev->id_resources);
530 TAILQ_INIT(&idev->id_configs);
532 child = device_add_child_ordered(dev, order, name, unit);
533 device_set_ivars(child, idev);
539 isa_print_resources(struct resource_list *rl, const char *name, int type,
540 int count, const char *format)
542 struct resource_list_entry *rle;
547 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
548 rle = resource_list_find(rl, type, i);
551 retval += printf(" %s ", name);
552 else if (printed > 0)
553 retval += printf(",");
555 retval += printf(format, rle->start);
556 if (rle->count > 1) {
557 retval += printf("-");
558 retval += printf(format,
559 rle->start + rle->count - 1);
562 /* check the first few regardless */
570 isa_print_all_resources(device_t dev)
572 struct isa_device *idev = DEVTOISA(dev);
573 struct resource_list *rl = &idev->id_resources;
576 if (SLIST_FIRST(rl) || device_get_flags(dev))
577 retval += printf(" at");
579 retval += isa_print_resources(rl, "port", SYS_RES_IOPORT,
581 retval += isa_print_resources(rl, "iomem", SYS_RES_MEMORY,
583 retval += isa_print_resources(rl, "irq", SYS_RES_IRQ,
585 retval += isa_print_resources(rl, "drq", SYS_RES_DRQ,
587 if (device_get_flags(dev))
588 retval += printf(" flags %#x", device_get_flags(dev));
594 isa_print_child(device_t bus, device_t dev)
598 retval += bus_print_child_header(bus, dev);
599 retval += isa_print_all_resources(dev);
600 retval += bus_print_child_footer(bus, dev);
606 isa_probe_nomatch(device_t dev, device_t child)
609 bus_print_child_header(dev, child);
610 printf(" failed to probe");
611 isa_print_all_resources(child);
612 bus_print_child_footer(dev, child);
619 isa_read_ivar(device_t bus, device_t dev, int index, uintptr_t * result)
621 struct isa_device* idev = DEVTOISA(dev);
622 struct resource_list *rl = &idev->id_resources;
623 struct resource_list_entry *rle;
626 case ISA_IVAR_PORT_0:
627 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_IOPORT, 0);
629 *result = rle->start;
634 case ISA_IVAR_PORT_1:
635 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_IOPORT, 1);
637 *result = rle->start;
642 case ISA_IVAR_PORTSIZE_0:
643 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_IOPORT, 0);
645 *result = rle->count;
650 case ISA_IVAR_PORTSIZE_1:
651 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_IOPORT, 1);
653 *result = rle->count;
658 case ISA_IVAR_MADDR_0:
659 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_MEMORY, 0);
661 *result = rle->start;
666 case ISA_IVAR_MADDR_1:
667 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_MEMORY, 1);
669 *result = rle->start;
674 case ISA_IVAR_MSIZE_0:
675 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_MEMORY, 0);
677 *result = rle->count;
682 case ISA_IVAR_MSIZE_1:
683 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_MEMORY, 1);
685 *result = rle->count;
691 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_IRQ, 0);
693 *result = rle->start;
699 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_IRQ, 1);
701 *result = rle->start;
707 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_DRQ, 0);
709 *result = rle->start;
715 rle = resource_list_find(rl, SYS_RES_DRQ, 1);
717 *result = rle->start;
722 case ISA_IVAR_VENDORID:
723 *result = idev->id_vendorid;
726 case ISA_IVAR_SERIAL:
727 *result = idev->id_serial;
730 case ISA_IVAR_LOGICALID:
731 *result = idev->id_logicalid;
734 case ISA_IVAR_COMPATID:
735 *result = idev->id_compatid;
746 isa_write_ivar(device_t bus, device_t dev,
747 int index, uintptr_t value)
749 struct isa_device* idev = DEVTOISA(dev);
752 case ISA_IVAR_PORT_0:
753 case ISA_IVAR_PORT_1:
754 case ISA_IVAR_PORTSIZE_0:
755 case ISA_IVAR_PORTSIZE_1:
756 case ISA_IVAR_MADDR_0:
757 case ISA_IVAR_MADDR_1:
758 case ISA_IVAR_MSIZE_0:
759 case ISA_IVAR_MSIZE_1:
766 case ISA_IVAR_VENDORID:
767 idev->id_vendorid = value;
770 case ISA_IVAR_SERIAL:
771 idev->id_serial = value;
774 case ISA_IVAR_LOGICALID:
775 idev->id_logicalid = value;
778 case ISA_IVAR_COMPATID:
779 idev->id_compatid = value;
790 * Free any resources which the driver missed or which we were holding for
791 * it (see isa_probe_children).
794 isa_child_detached(device_t dev, device_t child)
796 struct isa_device* idev = DEVTOISA(child);
797 struct resource_list *rl = &idev->id_resources;
798 struct resource_list_entry *rle;
800 if (TAILQ_FIRST(&idev->id_configs)) {
802 * Claim any unallocated resources to keep other
803 * devices from using them.
805 SLIST_FOREACH(rle, rl, link) {
808 resource_list_alloc(rl, dev, child,
817 isa_driver_added(device_t dev, driver_t *driver)
823 * Don't do anything if drivers are dynamically
824 * added during autoconfiguration (cf. ymf724).
825 * since that would end up calling identify
831 DEVICE_IDENTIFY(driver, dev);
832 if (device_get_children(dev, &children, &nchildren))
835 for (i = 0; i < nchildren; i++) {
836 device_t child = children[i];
837 struct isa_device *idev = DEVTOISA(child);
838 struct resource_list *rl = &idev->id_resources;
839 struct resource_list_entry *rle;
841 if (device_get_state(child) != DS_NOTPRESENT)
843 if (!device_is_enabled(child))
847 * Free resources which we were holding on behalf of
850 SLIST_FOREACH(rle, &idev->id_resources, link) {
852 resource_list_release(rl, dev, child,
858 if (TAILQ_FIRST(&idev->id_configs))
859 if (!isa_assign_resources(child))
862 device_probe_and_attach(child);
864 if (TAILQ_FIRST(&idev->id_configs)) {
866 * Claim any unallocated resources to keep other
867 * devices from using them.
869 SLIST_FOREACH(rle, rl, link) {
872 resource_list_alloc(rl, dev, child,
882 free(children, M_TEMP);
886 isa_set_resource(device_t dev, device_t child, int type, int rid,
887 u_long start, u_long count)
889 struct isa_device* idev = DEVTOISA(child);
890 struct resource_list *rl = &idev->id_resources;
892 if (type != SYS_RES_IOPORT && type != SYS_RES_MEMORY
893 && type != SYS_RES_IRQ && type != SYS_RES_DRQ)
897 if (type == SYS_RES_IOPORT && rid >= ISA_NPORT)
899 if (type == SYS_RES_MEMORY && rid >= ISA_NMEM)
901 if (type == SYS_RES_IRQ && rid >= ISA_NIRQ)
903 if (type == SYS_RES_DRQ && rid >= ISA_NDRQ)
906 resource_list_add(rl, type, rid, start, start + count - 1, count);
912 isa_get_resource(device_t dev, device_t child, int type, int rid,
913 u_long *startp, u_long *countp)
915 struct isa_device* idev = DEVTOISA(child);
916 struct resource_list *rl = &idev->id_resources;
917 struct resource_list_entry *rle;
919 rle = resource_list_find(rl, type, rid);
924 *startp = rle->start;
926 *countp = rle->count;
932 isa_delete_resource(device_t dev, device_t child, int type, int rid)
934 struct isa_device* idev = DEVTOISA(child);
935 struct resource_list *rl = &idev->id_resources;
936 resource_list_delete(rl, type, rid);
940 isa_add_config(device_t dev, device_t child,
941 int priority, struct isa_config *config)
943 struct isa_device* idev = DEVTOISA(child);
944 struct isa_config_entry *newice, *ice;
946 newice = malloc(sizeof *ice, M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK);
947 newice->ice_priority = priority;
948 newice->ice_config = *config;
950 TAILQ_FOREACH(ice, &idev->id_configs, ice_link) {
951 if (ice->ice_priority > priority)
955 TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(ice, newice, ice_link);
957 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&idev->id_configs, newice, ice_link);
963 isa_set_config_callback(device_t dev, device_t child,
964 isa_config_cb *fn, void *arg)
966 struct isa_device* idev = DEVTOISA(child);
968 idev->id_config_cb = fn;
969 idev->id_config_arg = arg;
973 isa_pnp_probe(device_t dev, device_t child, struct isa_pnp_id *ids)
975 struct isa_device* idev = DEVTOISA(child);
977 if (!idev->id_vendorid)
982 * Really ought to support >1 compat id per device.
984 if (idev->id_logicalid == ids->ip_id
985 || idev->id_compatid == ids->ip_id) {
987 device_set_desc(child, ids->ip_desc);
996 static device_method_t isa_methods[] = {
997 /* Device interface */
998 DEVMETHOD(device_probe, isa_probe),
999 DEVMETHOD(device_attach, isa_attach),
1000 DEVMETHOD(device_detach, bus_generic_detach),
1001 DEVMETHOD(device_shutdown, bus_generic_shutdown),
1002 DEVMETHOD(device_suspend, bus_generic_suspend),
1003 DEVMETHOD(device_resume, bus_generic_resume),
1006 DEVMETHOD(bus_add_child, isa_add_child),
1007 DEVMETHOD(bus_print_child, isa_print_child),
1008 DEVMETHOD(bus_probe_nomatch, isa_probe_nomatch),
1009 DEVMETHOD(bus_read_ivar, isa_read_ivar),
1010 DEVMETHOD(bus_write_ivar, isa_write_ivar),
1011 DEVMETHOD(bus_child_detached, isa_child_detached),
1012 DEVMETHOD(bus_driver_added, isa_driver_added),
1013 DEVMETHOD(bus_alloc_resource, isa_alloc_resource),
1014 DEVMETHOD(bus_release_resource, isa_release_resource),
1015 DEVMETHOD(bus_activate_resource, bus_generic_activate_resource),
1016 DEVMETHOD(bus_deactivate_resource, bus_generic_deactivate_resource),
1017 DEVMETHOD(bus_setup_intr, isa_setup_intr),
1018 DEVMETHOD(bus_teardown_intr, isa_teardown_intr),
1019 DEVMETHOD(bus_set_resource, isa_set_resource),
1020 DEVMETHOD(bus_get_resource, isa_get_resource),
1021 DEVMETHOD(bus_delete_resource, isa_delete_resource),
1024 DEVMETHOD(isa_add_config, isa_add_config),
1025 DEVMETHOD(isa_set_config_callback, isa_set_config_callback),
1026 DEVMETHOD(isa_pnp_probe, isa_pnp_probe),
1031 static driver_t isa_driver = {
1038 * ISA can be attached to a PCI-ISA bridge or directly to the nexus.
1040 DRIVER_MODULE(isa, isab, isa_driver, isa_devclass, 0, 0);
1042 DRIVER_MODULE(isa, nexus, isa_driver, isa_devclass, 0, 0);