crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c

   1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.249 2014/07/03 03:47:27 djm Exp $ */
   2 /*
   3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
   4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
   5  *                    All rights reserved
   6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
   7  *
   8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
   9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
  10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
  11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
  12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
  13  */
  14
  15 #include "includes.h"
  16
  17 #include <sys/types.h>
  18 #include <sys/socket.h>
  19 #include <sys/stat.h>
  20 #include <sys/param.h>
  21
  22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
  23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
  24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
  25
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <fcntl.h>
  28 #include <netdb.h>
  29 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
  30 # include <paths.h>
  31 #endif
  32 #include <pwd.h>
  33 #include <stdarg.h>
  34 #include <stdio.h>
  35 #include <stdlib.h>
  36 #include <string.h>
  37 #include <unistd.h>
  38
  39 #include "xmalloc.h"
  40 #include "key.h"
  41 #include "rsa.h"
  42 #include "authfile.h"
  43 #include "uuencode.h"
  44 #include "buffer.h"
  45 #include "pathnames.h"
  46 #include "log.h"
  47 #include "misc.h"
  48 #include "match.h"
  49 #include "hostfile.h"
  50 #include "dns.h"
  51 #include "ssh.h"
  52 #include "ssh2.h"
  53 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
  54 #include "atomicio.h"
  55 #include "krl.h"
  56
  57 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
  58 #define DEFAULT_BITS            2048
  59 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA        1024
  60 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA      256
  61 u_int32_t bits = 0;
  62
  63 /*
  64  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
  65  * set on the command line.
  66  */
  67 int change_passphrase = 0;
  68
  69 /*
  70  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
  71  * on the command line.
  72  */
  73 int change_comment = 0;
  74
  75 int quiet = 0;
  76
  77 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
  78
  79 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
  80 int hash_hosts = 0;
  81 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
  82 int find_host = 0;
  83 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
  84 int delete_host = 0;
  85
  86 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
  87 int show_cert = 0;
  88
  89 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
  90 int print_fingerprint = 0;
  91 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
  92
  93 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
  94 char identity_file[1024];
  95 int have_identity = 0;
  96
  97 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
  98 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
  99
 100 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
 101 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
 102
 103 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
 104 char *identity_comment = NULL;
 105
 106 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
 107 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
 108
 109 /* Certificate serial number */
 110 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
 111
 112 /* Key type when certifying */
 113 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
 114
 115 /* "key ID" of signed key */
 116 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
 117
 118 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
 119 char *cert_principals = NULL;
 120
 121 /* Validity period for certificates */
 122 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
 123 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
 124
 125 /* Certificate options */
 126 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD   (1)
 127 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD       (1<<1)
 128 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD        (1<<2)
 129 #define CERTOPT_PTY             (1<<3)
 130 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
 131 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
 132                          CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
 133 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
 134 char *certflags_command = NULL;
 135 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
 136
 137 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
 138 int convert_to = 0;
 139 int convert_from = 0;
 140 enum {
 141         FMT_RFC4716,
 142         FMT_PKCS8,
 143         FMT_PEM
 144 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
 145 int print_public = 0;
 146 int print_generic = 0;
 147
 148 char *key_type_name = NULL;
 149
 150 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
 151 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
 152
 153 /* Use new OpenSSH private key format when writing SSH2 keys instead of PEM */
 154 int use_new_format = 0;
 155
 156 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
 157 char *new_format_cipher = NULL;
 158
 159 /*
 160  * Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys /
 161  * number of primality trials when screening moduli.
 162  */
 163 int rounds = 0;
 164
 165 /* argv0 */
 166 extern char *__progname;
 167
 168 char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
 169
 170 /* moduli.c */
 171 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
 172 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
 173     unsigned long);
 174
 175 static void
 176 type_bits_valid(int type, u_int32_t *bitsp)
 177 {
 178         u_int maxbits;
 179
 180         if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
 181                 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
 182                 exit(1);
 183         }
 184         if (*bitsp == 0) {
 185                 if (type == KEY_DSA)
 186                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
 187                 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA)
 188                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
 189                 else
 190                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
 191         }
 192         maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
 193             OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
 194         if (*bitsp > maxbits) {
 195                 fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
 196                 exit(1);
 197         }
 198 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 199         if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
 200                 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
 201         else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && type != KEY_ED25519 && *bitsp < 768)
 202                 fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
 203         else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && key_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
 204                 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
 205                     "256, 384 or 521 bits");
 206 #endif
 207 }
 208
 209 static void
 210 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
 211 {
 212         char buf[1024];
 213         char *name = NULL;
 214
 215         if (key_type_name == NULL)
 216                 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 217         else {
 218                 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
 219                 case KEY_RSA1:
 220                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
 221                         break;
 222                 case KEY_DSA_CERT:
 223                 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
 224                 case KEY_DSA:
 225                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
 226                         break;
 227 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 228                 case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
 229                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 230                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
 231                         break;
 232 #endif
 233                 case KEY_RSA_CERT:
 234                 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
 235                 case KEY_RSA:
 236                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 237                         break;
 238                 case KEY_ED25519:
 239                 case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
 240                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
 241                         break;
 242                 default:
 243                         fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
 244                         exit(1);
 245                         break;
 246                 }
 247         }
 248         snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
 249         fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
 250         if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
 251                 exit(1);
 252         buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
 253         if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
 254                 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
 255         have_identity = 1;
 256 }
 257
 258 static Key *
 259 load_identity(char *filename)
 260 {
 261         char *pass;
 262         Key *prv;
 263
 264         prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
 265         if (prv == NULL) {
 266                 if (identity_passphrase)
 267                         pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
 268                 else
 269                         pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
 270                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 271                 prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
 272                 explicit_bzero(pass, strlen(pass));
 273                 free(pass);
 274         }
 275         return prv;
 276 }
 277
 278 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN            "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 279 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END              "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 280 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN           "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
 281 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC       0x3f6ff9eb
 282
 283 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 284 static void
 285 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
 286 {
 287         u_int len;
 288         u_char *blob;
 289         char comment[61];
 290
 291         if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
 292                 fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
 293                 exit(1);
 294         }
 295         if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
 296                 fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
 297                 exit(1);
 298         }
 299         /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
 300         snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
 301             "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
 302             key_size(k), key_type(k),
 303             pw->pw_name, hostname);
 304
 305         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
 306         fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
 307         dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
 308         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
 309         key_free(k);
 310         free(blob);
 311         exit(0);
 312 }
 313
 314 static void
 315 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
 316 {
 317         switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
 318         case KEY_RSA1:
 319         case KEY_RSA:
 320                 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
 321                         fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
 322                 break;
 323         case KEY_DSA:
 324                 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
 325                         fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
 326                 break;
 327 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 328         case KEY_ECDSA:
 329                 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
 330                         fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
 331                 break;
 332 #endif
 333         default:
 334                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
 335         }
 336         exit(0);
 337 }
 338
 339 static void
 340 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
 341 {
 342         switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
 343         case KEY_RSA1:
 344         case KEY_RSA:
 345                 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
 346                         fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
 347                 break;
 348 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 349         case KEY_DSA:
 350                 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
 351                         fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
 352                 break;
 353 #endif
 354         /* XXX ECDSA? */
 355         default:
 356                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
 357         }
 358         exit(0);
 359 }
 360
 361 static void
 362 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
 363 {
 364         Key *k;
 365         struct stat st;
 366
 367         if (!have_identity)
 368                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 369         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 370                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 371         if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
 372                 if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
 373                         fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
 374                         exit(1);
 375                 }
 376         }
 377
 378         switch (convert_format) {
 379         case FMT_RFC4716:
 380                 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
 381                 break;
 382         case FMT_PKCS8:
 383                 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
 384                 break;
 385         case FMT_PEM:
 386                 do_convert_to_pem(k);
 387                 break;
 388         default:
 389                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 390         }
 391         exit(0);
 392 }
 393
 394 static void
 395 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
 396 {
 397         u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
 398         u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
 399
 400         if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
 401                 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
 402                     "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
 403         if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
 404                 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
 405         buffer_consume(b, bytes);
 406 }
 407
 408 static Key *
 409 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
 410 {
 411         Buffer b;
 412         Key *key = NULL;
 413         char *type, *cipher;
 414         u_char *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
 415         int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
 416         u_int slen;
 417         u_long e;
 418
 419         buffer_init(&b);
 420         buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
 421
 422         magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
 423         if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
 424                 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
 425                 buffer_free(&b);
 426                 return NULL;
 427         }
 428         i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 429         type   = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
 430         cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
 431         i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 432         i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 433         i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 434         debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
 435         if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
 436                 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
 437                 free(cipher);
 438                 buffer_free(&b);
 439                 free(type);
 440                 return NULL;
 441         }
 442         free(cipher);
 443
 444         if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
 445                 ktype = KEY_DSA;
 446         } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
 447                 ktype = KEY_RSA;
 448         } else {
 449                 buffer_free(&b);
 450                 free(type);
 451                 return NULL;
 452         }
 453         key = key_new_private(ktype);
 454         free(type);
 455
 456         switch (key->type) {
 457         case KEY_DSA:
 458                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
 459                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
 460                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
 461                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
 462                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
 463                 break;
 464         case KEY_RSA:
 465                 e = buffer_get_char(&b);
 466                 debug("e %lx", e);
 467                 if (e < 30) {
 468                         e <<= 8;
 469                         e += buffer_get_char(&b);
 470                         debug("e %lx", e);
 471                         e <<= 8;
 472                         e += buffer_get_char(&b);
 473                         debug("e %lx", e);
 474                 }
 475                 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
 476                         buffer_free(&b);
 477                         key_free(key);
 478                         return NULL;
 479                 }
 480                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
 481                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
 482                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
 483                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
 484                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
 485                 if (rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa) != 0)
 486                         fatal("%s: rsa_generate_additional_parameters "
 487                             "error", __func__);
 488                 break;
 489         }
 490         rlen = buffer_len(&b);
 491         if (rlen != 0)
 492                 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
 493                     "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
 494         buffer_free(&b);
 495
 496         /* try the key */
 497         key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
 498         key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
 499         free(sig);
 500         return key;
 501 }
 502
 503 static int
 504 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
 505 {
 506         int c;
 507         size_t pos = 0;
 508
 509         line[0] = '\0';
 510         while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
 511                 if (pos >= len - 1) {
 512                         fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
 513                         exit(1);
 514                 }
 515                 switch (c) {
 516                 case '\r':
 517                         c = fgetc(fp);
 518                         if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
 519                                 fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 520                                 exit(1);
 521                         }
 522                         return pos;
 523                 case '\n':
 524                         return pos;
 525                 }
 526                 line[pos++] = c;
 527                 line[pos] = '\0';
 528         }
 529         /* We reached EOF */
 530         return -1;
 531 }
 532
 533 static void
 534 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
 535 {
 536         int blen;
 537         u_int len;
 538         char line[1024];
 539         u_char blob[8096];
 540         char encoded[8096];
 541         int escaped = 0;
 542         FILE *fp;
 543
 544         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 545                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 546         encoded[0] = '\0';
 547         while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
 548                 if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
 549                         escaped++;
 550                 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
 551                     strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
 552                         if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
 553                                 *private = 1;
 554                         if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
 555                                 break;
 556                         }
 557                         /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
 558                         continue;
 559                 }
 560                 if (escaped) {
 561                         escaped--;
 562                         /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
 563                         continue;
 564                 }
 565                 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
 566         }
 567         len = strlen(encoded);
 568         if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
 569             (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
 570             (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
 571             (encoded[len-3] == '='))
 572                 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
 573         blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
 574         if (blen < 0) {
 575                 fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
 576                 exit(1);
 577         }
 578         *k = *private ?
 579             do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
 580             key_from_blob(blob, blen);
 581         if (*k == NULL) {
 582                 fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
 583                 exit(1);
 584         }
 585         fclose(fp);
 586 }
 587
 588 static void
 589 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
 590 {
 591         EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
 592         FILE *fp;
 593
 594         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 595                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 596         if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
 597                 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
 598                     identity_file);
 599         }
 600         fclose(fp);
 601         switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
 602         case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
 603                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 604                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 605                 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
 606                 break;
 607         case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
 608                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 609                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 610                 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
 611                 break;
 612 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 613         case EVP_PKEY_EC:
 614                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 615                 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
 616                 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
 617                 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = key_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
 618                 break;
 619 #endif
 620         default:
 621                 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
 622                     EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
 623         }
 624         EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
 625         return;
 626 }
 627
 628 static void
 629 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
 630 {
 631         FILE *fp;
 632         RSA *rsa;
 633 #ifdef notyet
 634         DSA *dsa;
 635 #endif
 636
 637         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 638                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 639         if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 640                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 641                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 642                 (*k)->rsa = rsa;
 643                 fclose(fp);
 644                 return;
 645         }
 646 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 647         rewind(fp);
 648         if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 649                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 650                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 651                 (*k)->dsa = dsa;
 652                 fclose(fp);
 653                 return;
 654         }
 655         /* XXX ECDSA */
 656 #endif
 657         fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
 658 }
 659
 660 static void
 661 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
 662 {
 663         Key *k = NULL;
 664         int private = 0, ok = 0;
 665         struct stat st;
 666
 667         if (!have_identity)
 668                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 669         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 670                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 671
 672         switch (convert_format) {
 673         case FMT_RFC4716:
 674                 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
 675                 break;
 676         case FMT_PKCS8:
 677                 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
 678                 break;
 679         case FMT_PEM:
 680                 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
 681                 break;
 682         default:
 683                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 684         }
 685
 686         if (!private)
 687                 ok = key_write(k, stdout);
 688                 if (ok)
 689                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 690         else {
 691                 switch (k->type) {
 692                 case KEY_DSA:
 693                         ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
 694                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 695                         break;
 696 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 697                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 698                         ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
 699                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 700                         break;
 701 #endif
 702                 case KEY_RSA:
 703                         ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
 704                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 705                         break;
 706                 default:
 707                         fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
 708                             key_type(k));
 709                 }
 710         }
 711
 712         if (!ok) {
 713                 fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
 714                 exit(1);
 715         }
 716         key_free(k);
 717         exit(0);
 718 }
 719 #endif
 720
 721 static void
 722 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
 723 {
 724         Key *prv;
 725         struct stat st;
 726
 727         if (!have_identity)
 728                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 729         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 730                 perror(identity_file);
 731                 exit(1);
 732         }
 733         prv = load_identity(identity_file);
 734         if (prv == NULL) {
 735                 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
 736                 exit(1);
 737         }
 738         if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
 739                 fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
 740         key_free(prv);
 741         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 742         exit(0);
 743 }
 744
 745 static void
 746 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
 747 {
 748 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
 749         Key **keys = NULL;
 750         int i, nkeys;
 751         enum fp_rep rep;
 752         enum fp_type fptype;
 753         char *fp, *ra;
 754
 755         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 756         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 757
 758         pkcs11_init(0);
 759         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
 760         if (nkeys <= 0)
 761                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
 762         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
 763                 if (print_fingerprint) {
 764                         fp = key_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
 765                         ra = key_fingerprint(keys[i], SSH_FP_MD5,
 766                             SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 767                         printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", key_size(keys[i]),
 768                             fp, key_type(keys[i]));
 769                         if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 770                                 printf("%s\n", ra);
 771                         free(ra);
 772                         free(fp);
 773                 } else {
 774                         key_write(keys[i], stdout);
 775                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 776                 }
 777                 key_free(keys[i]);
 778         }
 779         free(keys);
 780         pkcs11_terminate();
 781         exit(0);
 782 #else
 783         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
 784 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
 785 }
 786
 787 static void
 788 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
 789 {
 790         FILE *f;
 791         Key *public;
 792         char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
 793         int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
 794         enum fp_rep rep;
 795         enum fp_type fptype;
 796         struct stat st;
 797
 798         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 799         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 800
 801         if (!have_identity)
 802                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 803         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 804                 perror(identity_file);
 805                 exit(1);
 806         }
 807         public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
 808         if (public != NULL) {
 809                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 810                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 811                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
 812                     key_type(public));
 813                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 814                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 815                 key_free(public);
 816                 free(comment);
 817                 free(ra);
 818                 free(fp);
 819                 exit(0);
 820         }
 821         if (comment) {
 822                 free(comment);
 823                 comment = NULL;
 824         }
 825
 826         if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 827                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 828
 829         while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
 830                 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
 831                         error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
 832                             num + 1, line);
 833                         skip = 1;
 834                         continue;
 835                 }
 836                 num++;
 837                 if (skip) {
 838                         skip = 0;
 839                         continue;
 840                 }
 841                 *cp = '\0';
 842
 843                 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
 844                 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
 845                         ;
 846                 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
 847                         continue;
 848                 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
 849                 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
 850                         int quoted = 0;
 851                         comment = cp;
 852                         for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
 853                             *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
 854                                 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
 855                                         cp++;   /* Skip both */
 856                                 else if (*cp == '"')
 857                                         quoted = !quoted;
 858                         }
 859                         if (!*cp)
 860                                 continue;
 861                         *cp++ = '\0';
 862                 }
 863                 ep = cp;
 864                 public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
 865                 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
 866                         cp = ep;
 867                         key_free(public);
 868                         public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 869                         if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
 870                                 key_free(public);
 871                                 continue;
 872                         }
 873                 }
 874                 comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
 875                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 876                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 877                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
 878                     comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
 879                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 880                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 881                 free(ra);
 882                 free(fp);
 883                 key_free(public);
 884                 invalid = 0;
 885         }
 886         fclose(f);
 887
 888         if (invalid) {
 889                 printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
 890                 exit(1);
 891         }
 892         exit(0);
 893 }
 894
 895 static void
 896 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
 897 {
 898         struct {
 899                 char *key_type;
 900                 char *key_type_display;
 901                 char *path;
 902         } key_types[] = {
 903                 { "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
 904                 { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
 905                 { "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
 906 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 907                 { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
 908 #endif
 909                 { "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
 910                 { NULL, NULL, NULL }
 911         };
 912
 913         int first = 0;
 914         struct stat st;
 915         Key *private, *public;
 916         char comment[1024];
 917         int i, type, fd;
 918         FILE *f;
 919
 920         for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
 921                 if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
 922                         continue;
 923                 if (errno != ENOENT) {
 924                         printf("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
 925                             strerror(errno));
 926                         first = 0;
 927                         continue;
 928                 }
 929
 930                 if (first == 0) {
 931                         first = 1;
 932                         printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
 933                 }
 934                 printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
 935                 fflush(stdout);
 936                 type = key_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
 937                 strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
 938                 bits = 0;
 939                 type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
 940                 private = key_generate(type, bits);
 941                 if (private == NULL) {
 942                         fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
 943                         first = 0;
 944                         continue;
 945                 }
 946                 public  = key_from_private(private);
 947                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
 948                     hostname);
 949                 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, "", comment,
 950                     use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) {
 951                         printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
 952                         key_free(private);
 953                         key_free(public);
 954                         first = 0;
 955                         continue;
 956                 }
 957                 key_free(private);
 958                 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
 959                 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
 960                 if (fd == -1) {
 961                         printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n",
 962                             identity_file);
 963                         key_free(public);
 964                         first = 0;
 965                         continue;
 966                 }
 967                 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
 968                 if (f == NULL) {
 969                         printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
 970                         key_free(public);
 971                         first = 0;
 972                         continue;
 973                 }
 974                 if (!key_write(public, f)) {
 975                         fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
 976                         key_free(public);
 977                         first = 0;
 978                         continue;
 979                 }
 980                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
 981                 fclose(f);
 982                 key_free(public);
 983
 984         }
 985         if (first != 0)
 986                 printf("\n");
 987 }
 988
 989 static void
 990 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int revoked, int hash)
 991 {
 992         if (print_fingerprint) {
 993                 enum fp_rep rep;
 994                 enum fp_type fptype;
 995                 char *fp, *ra;
 996
 997                 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 998                 rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 999                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
1000                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
1001                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
1002                     key_type(public));
1003                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
1004                         printf("%s\n", ra);
1005                 free(ra);
1006                 free(fp);
1007         } else {
1008                 if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1009                         fatal("hash_host failed");
1010                 fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER " " : "",
1011                     revoked ? REVOKE_MARKER " " : "" , name);
1012                 if (!key_write(public, f))
1013                         fatal("key_write failed");
1014                 fprintf(f, "\n");
1015         }
1016 }
1017
1018 static void
1019 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
1020 {
1021         FILE *in, *out = stdout;
1022         Key *pub;
1023         char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
1024         char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
1025         int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
1026         int ca, revoked;
1027         int found_key = 0;
1028
1029         if (!have_identity) {
1030                 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1031                 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1032                     sizeof(identity_file))
1033                         fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1034                 free(cp);
1035                 have_identity = 1;
1036         }
1037         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
1038                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1039
1040         /* XXX this code is a mess; refactor -djm */
1041         /*
1042          * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1043          * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1044          */
1045         if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1046                 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1047                     strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1048                     strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1049                     strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1050                         fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1051                 umask(077);
1052                 if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1053                         fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1054                 if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
1055                         c = errno;
1056                         unlink(tmp);
1057                         fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
1058                 }
1059                 inplace = 1;
1060         }
1061
1062         while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
1063                 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
1064                         error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
1065                         skip = 1;
1066                         invalid = 1;
1067                         continue;
1068                 }
1069                 num++;
1070                 if (skip) {
1071                         skip = 0;
1072                         continue;
1073                 }
1074                 *cp = '\0';
1075
1076                 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
1077                 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1078                         ;
1079                 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
1080                         if (inplace)
1081                                 fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
1082                         continue;
1083                 }
1084                 /* Check whether this is a CA key or revocation marker */
1085                 if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
1086                     (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
1087                     cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
1088                         ca = 1;
1089                         cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
1090                 } else
1091                         ca = 0;
1092                 if (strncasecmp(cp, REVOKE_MARKER,
1093                     sizeof(REVOKE_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
1094                     (cp[sizeof(REVOKE_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
1095                     cp[sizeof(REVOKE_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
1096                         revoked = 1;
1097                         cp += sizeof(REVOKE_MARKER);
1098                 } else
1099                         revoked = 0;
1100
1101                 /* Find the end of the host name portion. */
1102                 for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
1103                         ;
1104
1105                 if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
1106                         error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
1107                             num, line);
1108                         invalid = 1;
1109                         continue;
1110                 }
1111                 *kp++ = '\0';
1112                 kp2 = kp;
1113
1114                 pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
1115                 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1116                         kp = kp2;
1117                         key_free(pub);
1118                         pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
1119                         if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1120                                 error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
1121                                     num, line);
1122                                 key_free(pub);
1123                                 invalid = 1;
1124                                 continue;
1125                         }
1126                 }
1127
1128                 if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
1129                         if (find_host || delete_host) {
1130                                 cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
1131                                 if (cp2 == NULL) {
1132                                         error("line %d: invalid hashed "
1133                                             "name: %.64s...", num, line);
1134                                         invalid = 1;
1135                                         continue;
1136                                 }
1137                                 c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
1138                                 if (find_host && c) {
1139                                         if (!quiet)
1140                                                 printf("# Host %s found: "
1141                                                     "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1142                                                     num, key_type(pub),
1143                                                     ca ? " (CA key)" :
1144                                                     revoked? " (revoked)" : "");
1145                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, revoked, 0);
1146                                         found_key = 1;
1147                                 }
1148                                 if (delete_host) {
1149                                         if (!c || ca || revoked) {
1150                                                 printhost(out, cp, pub,
1151                                                     ca, revoked, 0);
1152                                         } else {
1153                                                 printf("# Host %s found: "
1154                                                     "line %d type %s\n", name,
1155                                                     num, key_type(pub));
1156                                         }
1157                                 }
1158                         } else if (hash_hosts)
1159                                 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, revoked, 0);
1160                 } else {
1161                         if (find_host || delete_host) {
1162                                 c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
1163                                     strlen(cp)) == 1);
1164                                 if (find_host && c) {
1165                                         if (!quiet)
1166                                                 printf("# Host %s found: "
1167                                                     "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1168                                                     num, key_type(pub),
1169                                                     ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1170                                         printhost(out, name, pub, ca, revoked,
1171                                             hash_hosts && !(ca || revoked));
1172                                         found_key = 1;
1173                                 }
1174                                 if (delete_host) {
1175                                         if (!c || ca || revoked) {
1176                                                 printhost(out, cp, pub,
1177                                                     ca, revoked, 0);
1178                                         } else {
1179                                                 printf("# Host %s found: "
1180                                                     "line %d type %s\n", name,
1181                                                     num, key_type(pub));
1182                                         }
1183                                 }
1184                         } else if (hash_hosts && (ca || revoked)) {
1185                                 /* Don't hash CA and revoked keys' hostnames */
1186                                 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, revoked, 0);
1187                                 has_unhashed = 1;
1188                         } else if (hash_hosts) {
1189                                 /* Hash each hostname separately */
1190                                 for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
1191                                     cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
1192                                     cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
1193                                         if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
1194                                             strlen(cp2)) {
1195                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1196                                                     "ignoring host name with "
1197                                                     "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
1198                                                     cp2);
1199                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca,
1200                                                     revoked, 0);
1201                                                 has_unhashed = 1;
1202                                         } else {
1203                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca,
1204                                                     revoked, 1);
1205                                         }
1206                                 }
1207                         }
1208                 }
1209                 key_free(pub);
1210         }
1211         fclose(in);
1212
1213         if (invalid) {
1214                 fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
1215                     identity_file);
1216                 if (inplace) {
1217                         fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1218                             "file because of errors\n");
1219                         fclose(out);
1220                         unlink(tmp);
1221                 }
1222                 exit(1);
1223         }
1224
1225         if (inplace) {
1226                 fclose(out);
1227
1228                 /* Backup existing file */
1229                 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1230                         fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1231                 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1232                         fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1233                             strerror(errno));
1234                 /* Move new one into place */
1235                 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1236                         error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1237                             strerror(errno));
1238                         unlink(tmp);
1239                         unlink(old);
1240                         exit(1);
1241                 }
1242
1243                 fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1244                 fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1245                 if (has_unhashed) {
1246                         fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1247                             "entries\n", old);
1248                         fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1249                             "of hostnames\n");
1250                 }
1251         }
1252
1253         exit (find_host && !found_key);
1254 }
1255
1256 /*
1257  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1258  * for the current user.
1259  */
1260 static void
1261 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1262 {
1263         char *comment;
1264         char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1265         struct stat st;
1266         Key *private;
1267
1268         if (!have_identity)
1269                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1270         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1271                 perror(identity_file);
1272                 exit(1);
1273         }
1274         /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1275         private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1276         if (private == NULL) {
1277                 if (identity_passphrase)
1278                         old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1279                 else
1280                         old_passphrase =
1281                             read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1282                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1283                 private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1284                     &comment);
1285                 explicit_bzero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1286                 free(old_passphrase);
1287                 if (private == NULL) {
1288                         printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1289                         exit(1);
1290                 }
1291         }
1292         printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1293
1294         /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1295         if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1296                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1297                 passphrase2 = NULL;
1298         } else {
1299                 passphrase1 =
1300                         read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1301                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1302                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1303                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1304
1305                 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1306                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1307                         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1308                         explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1309                         free(passphrase1);
1310                         free(passphrase2);
1311                         printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1312                         exit(1);
1313                 }
1314                 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1315                 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1316                 free(passphrase2);
1317         }
1318
1319         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1320         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment,
1321             use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) {
1322                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1323                 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1324                 free(passphrase1);
1325                 key_free(private);
1326                 free(comment);
1327                 exit(1);
1328         }
1329         /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1330         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1331         free(passphrase1);
1332         key_free(private);               /* Destroys contents */
1333         free(comment);
1334
1335         printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1336         exit(0);
1337 }
1338
1339 /*
1340  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1341  */
1342 static int
1343 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1344 {
1345         Key *public;
1346         char *comment = NULL;
1347         struct stat st;
1348
1349         if (fname == NULL)
1350                 fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1351         if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1352                 if (errno == ENOENT)
1353                         return 0;
1354                 perror(fname);
1355                 exit(1);
1356         }
1357         public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1358         if (public != NULL) {
1359                 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1360                 key_free(public);
1361                 free(comment);
1362                 return 1;
1363         }
1364         if (comment)
1365                 free(comment);
1366
1367         printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1368         exit(1);
1369 }
1370
1371 /*
1372  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1373  */
1374 static void
1375 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1376 {
1377         char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1378         Key *private;
1379         Key *public;
1380         struct stat st;
1381         FILE *f;
1382         int fd;
1383
1384         if (!have_identity)
1385                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1386         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1387                 perror(identity_file);
1388                 exit(1);
1389         }
1390         private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1391         if (private == NULL) {
1392                 if (identity_passphrase)
1393                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1394                 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1395                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1396                 else
1397                         passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1398                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1399                 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1400                 private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1401                 if (private == NULL) {
1402                         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1403                         free(passphrase);
1404                         printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1405                         exit(1);
1406                 }
1407         } else {
1408                 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1409         }
1410         if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1411                 fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1412                 key_free(private);
1413                 exit(1);
1414         }
1415         printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1416
1417         if (identity_comment) {
1418                 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1419         } else {
1420                 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1421                 fflush(stdout);
1422                 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1423                         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1424                         key_free(private);
1425                         exit(1);
1426                 }
1427                 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1428         }
1429
1430         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1431         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment,
1432             use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) {
1433                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1434                 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1435                 free(passphrase);
1436                 key_free(private);
1437                 free(comment);
1438                 exit(1);
1439         }
1440         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1441         free(passphrase);
1442         public = key_from_private(private);
1443         key_free(private);
1444
1445         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1446         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1447         if (fd == -1) {
1448                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1449                 exit(1);
1450         }
1451         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1452         if (f == NULL) {
1453                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1454                 exit(1);
1455         }
1456         if (!key_write(public, f))
1457                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1458         key_free(public);
1459         fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1460         fclose(f);
1461
1462         free(comment);
1463
1464         printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1465         exit(0);
1466 }
1467
1468 static const char *
1469 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1470 {
1471         char from[32], to[32];
1472         static char ret[64];
1473         time_t tt;
1474         struct tm *tm;
1475
1476         *from = *to = '\0';
1477         if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1478                 return "forever";
1479
1480         if (valid_from != 0) {
1481                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1482                 tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1483                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1484                 strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1485         }
1486         if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1487                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1488                 tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1489                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1490                 strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1491         }
1492
1493         if (valid_from == 0) {
1494                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1495                 return ret;
1496         }
1497         if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1498                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1499                 return ret;
1500         }
1501
1502         snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1503         return ret;
1504 }
1505
1506 static void
1507 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1508 {
1509         debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1510         buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1511         buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1512 }
1513
1514 static void
1515 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1516 {
1517         Buffer b;
1518
1519         debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1520         buffer_init(&b);
1521         buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1522
1523         buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1524         buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1525
1526         buffer_free(&b);
1527 }
1528
1529 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL        1
1530 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS      2
1531 static void
1532 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1533 {
1534         buffer_clear(c);
1535         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1536             certflags_command != NULL)
1537                 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1538         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1539             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1540                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1541         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1542             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1543                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1544         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1545             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1546                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1547         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1548             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1549                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1550         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1551             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1552                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1553         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1554             certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1555                 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1556 }
1557
1558 static Key *
1559 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1560 {
1561 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1562         Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1563         int i, nkeys;
1564
1565         if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1566                 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1567
1568         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1569         debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1570         if (nkeys <= 0)
1571                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1572         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1573                 if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1574                         private = keys[i];
1575                         continue;
1576                 }
1577                 key_free(keys[i]);
1578         }
1579         free(keys);
1580         key_free(public);
1581         return private;
1582 #else
1583         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1584 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1585 }
1586
1587 static void
1588 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1589 {
1590         int i, fd;
1591         u_int n;
1592         Key *ca, *public;
1593         char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1594         FILE *f;
1595         int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1596
1597         if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1598                 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1599                 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1600                 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1601                         v00 = 1;
1602                         break;
1603                 case KEY_UNSPEC:
1604                         if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1605                                 v00 = 1;
1606                                 break;
1607                         } else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1608                                 break;
1609                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
1610                 default:
1611                         fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1612                         exit(1);
1613                 }
1614         }
1615
1616 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1617         pkcs11_init(1);
1618 #endif
1619         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1620         if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1621                 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1622                         fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1623         } else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1624                 fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1625         free(tmp);
1626
1627         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1628                 /* Split list of principals */
1629                 n = 0;
1630                 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1631                         otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1632                         plist = NULL;
1633                         for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1634                                 plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1635                                 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1636                                         fatal("Empty principal name");
1637                         }
1638                         free(otmp);
1639                 }
1640
1641                 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1642                 if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1643                         fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1644                 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1645                     public->type != KEY_ECDSA && public->type != KEY_ED25519)
1646                         fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1647                             __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1648
1649                 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1650                 if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1651                         fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1652                 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1653                 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1654                 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1655                 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1656                 public->cert->principals = plist;
1657                 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1658                 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1659                 if (v00) {
1660                         prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical,
1661                             OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1662                 } else {
1663                         prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical,
1664                             OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1665                         prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1666                             OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1667                 }
1668                 public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1669
1670                 if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1671                         fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1672
1673                 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1674                         *cp = '\0';
1675                 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1676                 free(tmp);
1677
1678                 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1679                         fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1680                             strerror(errno));
1681                 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1682                         fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1683                 if (!key_write(public, f))
1684                         fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1685                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1686                 fclose(f);
1687
1688                 if (!quiet) {
1689                         logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1690                             "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1691                             out, public->cert->key_id,
1692                             (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1693                             cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1694                             cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1695                             fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1696                 }
1697
1698                 key_free(public);
1699                 free(out);
1700         }
1701 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1702         pkcs11_terminate();
1703 #endif
1704         exit(0);
1705 }
1706
1707 static u_int64_t
1708 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1709 {
1710         int64_t mul, secs;
1711
1712         mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1713
1714         if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1715                 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1716         if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1717                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1718         return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1719 }
1720
1721 static u_int64_t
1722 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1723 {
1724         struct tm tm;
1725         time_t tt;
1726         char buf[32], *fmt;
1727
1728         /*
1729          * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1730          * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1731          * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1732          */
1733         switch (strlen(s)) {
1734         case 8:
1735                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1736                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1737                 break;
1738         case 14:
1739                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1740                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1741                     s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1742                 break;
1743         default:
1744                 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1745         }
1746
1747         memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
1748         if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1749                 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1750         if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1751                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1752         return (u_int64_t)tt;
1753 }
1754
1755 static void
1756 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1757 {
1758         char *from, *to;
1759         time_t now = time(NULL);
1760         int64_t secs;
1761
1762         /* +timespec relative to now */
1763         if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1764                 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1765                         fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1766                 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1767                 /*
1768                  * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1769                  * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1770                  */
1771                 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1772                 return;
1773         }
1774
1775         /*
1776          * from:to, where
1777          * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1778          *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1779          */
1780         from = xstrdup(timespec);
1781         to = strchr(from, ':');
1782         if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1783                 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1784         *to++ = '\0';
1785
1786         if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1787                 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1788         else
1789                 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1790
1791         if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1792                 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1793         else
1794                 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1795
1796         if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1797                 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1798         free(from);
1799 }
1800
1801 static void
1802 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1803 {
1804         char *val;
1805
1806         if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1807                 certflags_flags = 0;
1808         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1809                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1810         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1811                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1812         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1813                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1814         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1815                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1816         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1817                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1818         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1819                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1820         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1821                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1822         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1823                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1824         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1825                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1826         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1827                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1828         else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1829                 val = opt + 14;
1830                 if (*val == '\0')
1831                         fatal("Empty force-command option");
1832                 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1833                         fatal("force-command already specified");
1834                 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1835         } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1836                 val = opt + 15;
1837                 if (*val == '\0')
1838                         fatal("Empty source-address option");
1839                 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1840                         fatal("source-address already specified");
1841                 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1842                         fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1843                 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1844         } else
1845                 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1846 }
1847
1848 static void
1849 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1850 {
1851         char *name, *arg;
1852         const u_char *data;
1853         u_int dlen;
1854         Buffer options, option;
1855
1856         buffer_init(&options);
1857         buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1858
1859         buffer_init(&option);
1860         while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1861                 name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1862                 data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1863                 buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1864                 printf("                %s", name);
1865                 if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1866                     (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1867                     strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1868                     strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1869                     strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1870                     strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1871                         printf("\n");
1872                 else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1873                     (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1874                     strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1875                         arg = buffer_get_cstring(&option, NULL);
1876                         printf(" %s\n", arg);
1877                         free(arg);
1878                 } else {
1879                         printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1880                             buffer_len(&option));
1881                         buffer_clear(&option);
1882                 }
1883                 free(name);
1884                 if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1885                         fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1886         }
1887         buffer_free(&option);
1888         buffer_free(&options);
1889 }
1890
1891 static void
1892 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1893 {
1894         Key *key;
1895         struct stat st;
1896         char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1897         u_int i, v00;
1898
1899         if (!have_identity)
1900                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1901         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1902                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1903         if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1904                 fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1905         if (!key_is_cert(key))
1906                 fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1907         v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1908
1909         key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1910         ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1911             SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1912
1913         printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1914         printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1915             key_cert_type(key));
1916         printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1917         printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1918             key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1919         printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1920         if (!v00) {
1921                 printf("        Serial: %llu\n",
1922                     (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1923         }
1924         printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1925             fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1926         printf("        Principals: ");
1927         if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1928                 printf("(none)\n");
1929         else {
1930                 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1931                         printf("\n                %s",
1932                             key->cert->principals[i]);
1933                 printf("\n");
1934         }
1935         printf("        Critical Options: ");
1936         if (buffer_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
1937                 printf("(none)\n");
1938         else {
1939                 printf("\n");
1940                 show_options(key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1941         }
1942         if (!v00) {
1943                 printf("        Extensions: ");
1944                 if (buffer_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1945                         printf("(none)\n");
1946                 else {
1947                         printf("\n");
1948                         show_options(key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1949                 }
1950         }
1951         exit(0);
1952 }
1953
1954 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1955 static void
1956 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
1957 {
1958         Buffer krlbuf;
1959         int fd;
1960
1961         buffer_init(&krlbuf);
1962         if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1963                 fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1964         if (!key_load_file(fd, path, &krlbuf))
1965                 fatal("Unable to load KRL");
1966         close(fd);
1967         /* XXX check sigs */
1968         if (ssh_krl_from_blob(&krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0) != 0 ||
1969             *krlp == NULL)
1970                 fatal("Invalid KRL file");
1971         buffer_free(&krlbuf);
1972 }
1973
1974 static void
1975 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, const Key *ca,
1976     struct ssh_krl *krl)
1977 {
1978         Key *key = NULL;
1979         u_long lnum = 0;
1980         char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1981         unsigned long long serial, serial2;
1982         int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
1983         FILE *krl_spec;
1984
1985         path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
1986         if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1987                 krl_spec = stdin;
1988                 free(path);
1989                 path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
1990         } else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
1991                 fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1992
1993         if (!quiet)
1994                 printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
1995         while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
1996             &lnum) == 0) {
1997                 was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
1998                 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
1999                 /* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
2000                 for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
2001                         if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
2002                                 cp[i] = '\0';
2003                                 break;
2004                         }
2005                         if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
2006                                 /* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
2007                                 if (r == -1)
2008                                         r = i;
2009                         } else
2010                                 r = -1;
2011                 }
2012                 if (r != -1)
2013                         cp[r] = '\0';
2014                 if (*cp == '\0')
2015                         continue;
2016                 if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
2017                         if (ca == NULL) {
2018                                 fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
2019                                     "requires specification of a CA key");
2020                         }
2021                         cp += 7;
2022                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2023                         errno = 0;
2024                         serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2025                         if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
2026                                 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2027                                     path, lnum, cp);
2028                         if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2029                                 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2030                                     path, lnum);
2031                         serial2 = serial;
2032                         if (*ep == '-') {
2033                                 cp = ep + 1;
2034                                 errno = 0;
2035                                 serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2036                                 if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2037                                         fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2038                                             path, lnum, cp);
2039                                 if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2040                                         fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2041                                             path, lnum);
2042                                 if (serial2 <= serial)
2043                                         fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2044                                             "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2045                                             (unsigned long long)serial,
2046                                             (unsigned long long)serial2);
2047                         }
2048                         if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2049                             ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2050                                 fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2051                                     __func__);
2052                         }
2053                 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2054                         if (ca == NULL) {
2055                                 fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2056                                     "requires specification of a CA key");
2057                         }
2058                         cp += 3;
2059                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2060                         if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2061                                 fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2062                 } else {
2063                         if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2064                                 cp += 4;
2065                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2066                                 was_explicit_key = 1;
2067                         } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2068                                 cp += 5;
2069                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2070                                 was_sha1 = 1;
2071                         } else {
2072                                 /*
2073                                  * Just try to process the line as a key.
2074                                  * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2075                                  */
2076                         }
2077                         if ((key = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2078                                 fatal("key_new");
2079                         if (key_read(key, &cp) != 1)
2080                                 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key", path, lnum);
2081                         if (was_explicit_key)
2082                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2083                         else if (was_sha1)
2084                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2085                         else
2086                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2087                         if (r != 0)
2088                                 fatal("%s: revoke key failed", __func__);
2089                         key_free(key);
2090                 }
2091         }
2092         if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2093                 fclose(krl_spec);
2094         free(path);
2095 }
2096
2097 static void
2098 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2099 {
2100         struct ssh_krl *krl;
2101         struct stat sb;
2102         Key *ca = NULL;
2103         int fd, i;
2104         char *tmp;
2105         Buffer kbuf;
2106
2107         if (*identity_file == '\0')
2108                 fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2109         if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2110                 if (errno != ENOENT)
2111                         fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2112                             identity_file, strerror(errno));
2113                 if (updating)
2114                         fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2115         }
2116         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2117                 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2118                 if ((ca = key_load_public(tmp, NULL)) == NULL)
2119                         fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s", tmp);
2120                 free(tmp);
2121         }
2122
2123         if (updating)
2124                 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2125         else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2126                 fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2127
2128         if (cert_serial != 0)
2129                 ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2130         if (identity_comment != NULL)
2131                 ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2132
2133         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2134                 update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], ca, krl);
2135
2136         buffer_init(&kbuf);
2137         if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, &kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2138                 fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2139         if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2140                 fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2141         if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, buffer_ptr(&kbuf), buffer_len(&kbuf)) !=
2142             buffer_len(&kbuf))
2143                 fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2144         close(fd);
2145         buffer_free(&kbuf);
2146         ssh_krl_free(krl);
2147         if (ca != NULL)
2148                 key_free(ca);
2149 }
2150
2151 static void
2152 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2153 {
2154         int i, r, ret = 0;
2155         char *comment;
2156         struct ssh_krl *krl;
2157         Key *k;
2158
2159         if (*identity_file == '\0')
2160                 fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2161         load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2162         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2163                 if ((k = key_load_public(argv[i], &comment)) == NULL)
2164                         fatal("Cannot load public key %s", argv[i]);
2165                 r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2166                 printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2167                     *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2168                     r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2169                 if (r != 0)
2170                         ret = 1;
2171                 key_free(k);
2172                 free(comment);
2173         }
2174         ssh_krl_free(krl);
2175         exit(ret);
2176 }
2177 #endif
2178
2179 static void
2180 usage(void)
2181 {
2182         fprintf(stderr,
2183             "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa | rsa1]\n"
2184             "                  [-N new_passphrase] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n"
2185             "       ssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]\n"
2186             "       ssh-keygen -i [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2187             "       ssh-keygen -e [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2188             "       ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2189             "       ssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]\n"
2190             "       ssh-keygen -l [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2191             "       ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
2192 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2193         fprintf(stderr,
2194             "       ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
2195 #endif
2196         fprintf(stderr,
2197             "       ssh-keygen -F hostname [-f known_hosts_file] [-l]\n"
2198             "       ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2199             "       ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2200             "       ssh-keygen -r hostname [-f input_keyfile] [-g]\n"
2201             "       ssh-keygen -G output_file [-v] [-b bits] [-M memory] [-S start_point]\n"
2202             "       ssh-keygen -T output_file -f input_file [-v] [-a rounds] [-J num_lines]\n"
2203             "                  [-j start_line] [-K checkpt] [-W generator]\n"
2204             "       ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I certificate_identity [-h] [-n principals]\n"
2205             "                  [-O option] [-V validity_interval] [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
2206             "       ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2207             "       ssh-keygen -A\n"
2208             "       ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
2209             "                  file ...\n"
2210             "       ssh-keygen -Q -f krl_file file ...\n");
2211         exit(1);
2212 }
2213
2214 /*
2215  * Main program for key management.
2216  */
2217 int
2218 main(int argc, char **argv)
2219 {
2220         char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2221         char *checkpoint = NULL;
2222         char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *ep, *rr_hostname = NULL;
2223         Key *private, *public;
2224         struct passwd *pw;
2225         struct stat st;
2226         int opt, type, fd;
2227         u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0;
2228         int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2229         int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2230         unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2231         BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2232         FILE *f;
2233         const char *errstr;
2234
2235         extern int optind;
2236         extern char *optarg;
2237
2238         /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2239         sanitise_stdfd();
2240
2241         __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
2242
2243         OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2244         log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2245
2246         seed_rng();
2247
2248         /* we need this for the home * directory.  */
2249         pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2250         if (!pw) {
2251                 printf("No user exists for uid %lu\n", (u_long)getuid());
2252                 exit(1);
2253         }
2254         if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
2255                 perror("gethostname");
2256                 exit(1);
2257         }
2258
2259         /* Remaining characters: EUYdw */
2260         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQXceghiklopquvxy"
2261             "C:D:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:Z:a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2262                 switch (opt) {
2263                 case 'A':
2264                         gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2265                         break;
2266                 case 'b':
2267                         bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
2268                         if (errstr)
2269                                 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2270                                         optarg, errstr);
2271                         break;
2272                 case 'F':
2273                         find_host = 1;
2274                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2275                         break;
2276                 case 'H':
2277                         hash_hosts = 1;
2278                         break;
2279                 case 'I':
2280                         cert_key_id = optarg;
2281                         break;
2282                 case 'J':
2283                         lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2284                         break;
2285                 case 'j':
2286                         start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2287                         break;
2288                 case 'R':
2289                         delete_host = 1;
2290                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2291                         break;
2292                 case 'L':
2293                         show_cert = 1;
2294                         break;
2295                 case 'l':
2296                         print_fingerprint = 1;
2297                         break;
2298                 case 'B':
2299                         print_bubblebabble = 1;
2300                         break;
2301                 case 'm':
2302                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2303                             strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2304                                 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2305                                 break;
2306                         }
2307                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2308                                 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2309                                 break;
2310                         }
2311                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2312                                 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2313                                 break;
2314                         }
2315                         fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2316                 case 'n':
2317                         cert_principals = optarg;
2318                         break;
2319                 case 'o':
2320                         use_new_format = 1;
2321                         break;
2322                 case 'p':
2323                         change_passphrase = 1;
2324                         break;
2325                 case 'c':
2326                         change_comment = 1;
2327                         break;
2328                 case 'f':
2329                         if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
2330                             sizeof(identity_file))
2331                                 fatal("Identity filename too long");
2332                         have_identity = 1;
2333                         break;
2334                 case 'g':
2335                         print_generic = 1;
2336                         break;
2337                 case 'P':
2338                         identity_passphrase = optarg;
2339                         break;
2340                 case 'N':
2341                         identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2342                         break;
2343                 case 'Q':
2344                         check_krl = 1;
2345                         break;
2346                 case 'O':
2347                         add_cert_option(optarg);
2348                         break;
2349                 case 'Z':
2350                         new_format_cipher = optarg;
2351                         break;
2352                 case 'C':
2353                         identity_comment = optarg;
2354                         break;
2355                 case 'q':
2356                         quiet = 1;
2357                         break;
2358                 case 'e':
2359                 case 'x':
2360                         /* export key */
2361                         convert_to = 1;
2362                         break;
2363                 case 'h':
2364                         cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2365                         certflags_flags = 0;
2366                         break;
2367                 case 'k':
2368                         gen_krl = 1;
2369                         break;
2370                 case 'i':
2371                 case 'X':
2372                         /* import key */
2373                         convert_from = 1;
2374                         break;
2375                 case 'y':
2376                         print_public = 1;
2377                         break;
2378                 case 's':
2379                         ca_key_path = optarg;
2380                         break;
2381                 case 't':
2382                         key_type_name = optarg;
2383                         break;
2384                 case 'D':
2385                         pkcs11provider = optarg;
2386                         break;
2387                 case 'u':
2388                         update_krl = 1;
2389                         break;
2390                 case 'v':
2391                         if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2392                                 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2393                         else {
2394                                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2395                                     log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2396                                         log_level++;
2397                         }
2398                         break;
2399                 case 'r':
2400                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2401                         break;
2402                 case 'W':
2403                         generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2404                             UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2405                         if (errstr)
2406                                 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
2407                                         optarg, errstr);
2408                         break;
2409                 case 'a':
2410                         rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2411                         if (errstr)
2412                                 fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2413                                         optarg, errstr);
2414                         break;
2415                 case 'M':
2416                         memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2417                         if (errstr)
2418                                 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2419                         break;
2420                 case 'G':
2421                         do_gen_candidates = 1;
2422                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2423                             sizeof(out_file))
2424                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
2425                         break;
2426                 case 'T':
2427                         do_screen_candidates = 1;
2428                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2429                             sizeof(out_file))
2430                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
2431                         break;
2432                 case 'K':
2433                         if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXPATHLEN)
2434                                 fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2435                         checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2436                         break;
2437                 case 'S':
2438                         /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2439                         if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2440                                 fatal("Invalid start point.");
2441                         break;
2442                 case 'V':
2443                         parse_cert_times(optarg);
2444                         break;
2445                 case 'z':
2446                         errno = 0;
2447                         cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2448                         if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2449                             (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2450                                 fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2451                         break;
2452                 case '?':
2453                 default:
2454                         usage();
2455                 }
2456         }
2457
2458         /* reinit */
2459         log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2460
2461         argv += optind;
2462         argc -= optind;
2463
2464         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2465                 if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2466                         printf("Too few arguments.\n");
2467                         usage();
2468                 }
2469         } else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2470                 printf("Too many arguments.\n");
2471                 usage();
2472         }
2473         if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2474                 printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
2475                 usage();
2476         }
2477         if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2478                 printf("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.\n");
2479                 usage();
2480         }
2481 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2482         if (gen_krl) {
2483                 do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2484                 return (0);
2485         }
2486         if (check_krl) {
2487                 do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2488                 return (0);
2489         }
2490 #endif
2491         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2492                 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2493                         fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2494                 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2495         }
2496         if (show_cert)
2497                 do_show_cert(pw);
2498         if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2499                 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2500         if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2501                 do_download(pw);
2502         if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2503                 do_fingerprint(pw);
2504         if (change_passphrase)
2505                 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2506         if (change_comment)
2507                 do_change_comment(pw);
2508 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2509         if (convert_to)
2510                 do_convert_to(pw);
2511         if (convert_from)
2512                 do_convert_from(pw);
2513 #endif
2514         if (print_public)
2515                 do_print_public(pw);
2516         if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2517                 unsigned int n = 0;
2518
2519                 if (have_identity) {
2520                         n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2521                             identity_file, rr_hostname);
2522                         if (n == 0) {
2523                                 perror(identity_file);
2524                                 exit(1);
2525                         }
2526                         exit(0);
2527                 } else {
2528
2529                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2530                             _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2531                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2532                             _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2533                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2534                             _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2535                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2536                             _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2537                         if (n == 0)
2538                                 fatal("no keys found.");
2539                         exit(0);
2540                 }
2541         }
2542
2543         if (do_gen_candidates) {
2544                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2545
2546                 if (out == NULL) {
2547                         error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2548                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2549                         return (1);
2550                 }
2551                 if (bits == 0)
2552                         bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2553                 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2554                         fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2555
2556                 return (0);
2557         }
2558
2559         if (do_screen_candidates) {
2560                 FILE *in;
2561                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2562
2563                 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2564                         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2565                                 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2566                                     "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2567                                     strerror(errno));
2568                         }
2569                 } else
2570                         in = stdin;
2571
2572                 if (out == NULL) {
2573                         fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2574                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2575                 }
2576                 if (prime_test(in, out, rounds == 0 ? 100 : rounds,
2577                     generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2578                     start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2579                         fatal("modulus screening failed");
2580                 return (0);
2581         }
2582
2583         if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2584                 do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2585                 return (0);
2586         }
2587
2588         if (key_type_name == NULL)
2589                 key_type_name = "rsa";
2590
2591         type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2592         type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
2593
2594         if (!quiet)
2595                 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2596         private = key_generate(type, bits);
2597         if (private == NULL) {
2598                 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2599                 exit(1);
2600         }
2601         public  = key_from_private(private);
2602
2603         if (!have_identity)
2604                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2605
2606         /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2607         snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2608             pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2609         if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2610                 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2611                         if (errno != ENOENT) {
2612                                 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2613                                     strerror(errno));
2614                         } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2615                                 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2616                                     dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2617                         } else if (!quiet)
2618                                 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2619                 }
2620         }
2621         /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2622         if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2623                 char yesno[3];
2624                 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2625                 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2626                 fflush(stdout);
2627                 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2628                         exit(1);
2629                 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2630                         exit(1);
2631         }
2632         /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2633         if (identity_passphrase)
2634                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2635         else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2636                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2637         else {
2638 passphrase_again:
2639                 passphrase1 =
2640                         read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2641                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2642                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2643                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2644                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2645                         /*
2646                          * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2647                          * retry.
2648                          */
2649                         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2650                         explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2651                         free(passphrase1);
2652                         free(passphrase2);
2653                         printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2654                         goto passphrase_again;
2655                 }
2656                 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2657                 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2658                 free(passphrase2);
2659         }
2660
2661         if (identity_comment) {
2662                 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2663         } else {
2664                 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2665                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2666         }
2667
2668         /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2669         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment,
2670             use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) {
2671                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2672                 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2673                 free(passphrase1);
2674                 exit(1);
2675         }
2676         /* Clear the passphrase. */
2677         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2678         free(passphrase1);
2679
2680         /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2681         key_free(private);
2682
2683         if (!quiet)
2684                 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2685
2686         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2687         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2688         if (fd == -1) {
2689                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2690                 exit(1);
2691         }
2692         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2693         if (f == NULL) {
2694                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2695                 exit(1);
2696         }
2697         if (!key_write(public, f))
2698                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2699         fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2700         fclose(f);
2701
2702         if (!quiet) {
2703                 char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2704                 char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2705                     SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2706                 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2707                     identity_file);
2708                 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2709                 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2710                 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2711                 printf("%s\n", ra);
2712                 free(ra);
2713                 free(fp);
2714         }
2715
2716         key_free(public);
2717         exit(0);
2718 }