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28 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
29 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/systat/systat.1,v 1.23.2.9 2002/12/29 16:35:40 schweikh Exp $
30 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/systat/systat.1,v 1.8 2008/09/02 11:50:46 matthias Exp $
32 .Dd September 28, 2009
37 .Nd display system statistics on a crt
41 .Op Ar refresh-interval
45 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
46 using the curses screen display library,
51 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
52 is the vmstat and pvmmeter displays which uses the entire screen).
53 The upper window depicts the current system load average.
54 The information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
56 The last line on the screen is reserved for user input and error messages.
60 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
62 Other displays show swap space usage, disk
66 virtual memory statistics (a la
68 network ``mbuf'' utilization,
71 and network connections (a la
74 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
75 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
76 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
77 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
78 This allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
81 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
106 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
110 .It Ar refresh-interval
113 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
116 Certain characters cause immediate action by
123 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
124 the lower window and the refresh interval.
126 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
127 line typed as a command.
128 While entering a command the current character erase, word erase,
129 and line kill characters may be used.
132 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global'' command interpreter.
135 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
137 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes on the command line.
139 Stop refreshing the screen.
140 .It Oo Ic start Oc Op Ar number
141 Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
142 If a second, numeric, argument is provided it is interpreted as a
143 refresh interval (in seconds).
144 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this value.
148 (This may be abbreviated to
152 The available displays are:
155 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
156 memory and getting the
157 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
158 When less than 100% of the
159 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
160 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
162 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
163 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
165 The left half of the screen displays information about received packets,
166 and the right half displays information regarding transmitted packets.
170 display understands two commands:
176 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
178 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
180 Show the rate of change of each value in packets per second (the default).
182 Show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval.
184 Show the total change of each value since the display was last reset.
186 Show the absolute value of each statistic.
191 command resets the baseline for
196 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command line.
198 This display is like the
200 display, but displays statistics for
203 Otherwise identical to the
205 display, except that it displays
214 except that it displays
224 Display, in the lower window, statistics about network throughput on
225 a per-interface basis.
227 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
229 Statistics on processor use appear as
230 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (`user'),
231 in user mode running low priority processes (`nice'), in
232 system mode (`system'), in interrupt mode (`interrupt'),
234 Statistics on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
235 average number of disk transactions per second, and
236 average kilobytes of data per transaction.
237 This information may be
238 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
239 Bar graphs are shown by default.
241 The following commands are specific to the
243 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
245 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
249 statistics in numeric form.
250 Values are displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
254 statistics in bar graph form (default).
256 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
257 (the default is to not display kilobytes per transaction).
260 Display, in the lower window,
261 the current values of available hardware sensors,
262 in a format similar to that of
265 Show information about swap space usage on all the
266 swap areas compiled into the kernel.
267 The first column is the device name of the partition.
268 The next column is the total space available in the partition.
269 The ``Used'' column indicates the total blocks used so far;
270 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
271 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
272 a total line is also shown.
273 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
275 Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
276 for particular uses, i.e.\& data, socket structures, etc.
278 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
279 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
280 device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk
284 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
285 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
286 and fifteen minute intervals.
288 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
289 The first row (`Act') reports memory usage only among active processes,
290 that is processes that have run in the previous twenty seconds.
291 The second row (`All') reports on memory usage of all processes.
292 Two groups of columns are shown, `REAL' and `VIRTUAL'.
293 The first column (`Tot') reports on the number of
294 physical pages claimed by processes.
295 The second column (`Share') reports the number of
296 physical pages that are devoted to read only text pages.
297 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
298 virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
299 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
300 Finally the last column (`Free') shows the number of
301 physical pages on the free list.
303 Below the memory display is a list of the
304 average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
305 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
306 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
307 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
308 The row also shows the average number of context switches (`Csw'),
309 traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'),
310 network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page faults (`Flt').
312 Below the process queue length listing is a listing of
314 usage, a numerical listing and a bar graph showing the amount of
315 system (`='), interrupt (`+'), user (`>'), nice (`-'), and idle time (` ').
319 usage display are statistics on name translations.
320 It lists the number of path names translated
321 in the previous interval (`Path-lookups'),
322 the number and percentage of the path lookups that were
323 handled by the name translation cache, and
324 the average number of path components in path lookups (`Components').
326 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
327 It reports the number of
328 kilobytes per transaction (`KB/t'),
329 read transactions per second (`tpr/s'),
330 megabytes per second in read transaction (`MBr/s'),
331 write transactions per second (`tpw/s'),
332 megabytes per second in write transaction (`MBw/s') and
333 the percentage of the time the disk was busy (`% busy') averaged
334 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
335 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
336 In general, up to seven devices are displayed.
337 The devices displayed by default are the
338 first devices in the kernel's device list.
343 for details on the devstat system.
345 If at most 4 disk devices are shown,
346 extended virtual memory statistics are shown right to disk usage:
347 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
348 pages optimized zero filled on demand (`ozfod'),
349 slow (i.e.\& non-optimized) zero fills percentage (`%sloz'),
350 total pages freed (`tfree').
352 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
353 on paging and swapping activity.
354 The first two columns (`VN PAGER') report the average number of pages
355 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
356 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
357 The third and fourth columns (`SWAP PAGER') report the average number of pages
358 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
359 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
360 The first row (`count') of the display shows the average
361 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
362 the second row (`pages') of the display shows the average
363 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
365 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
366 memory system which list the average number of
367 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod')
368 (shown with extended virtual memory statistics if screen space permits),
369 pages copied on write (`cow'),
370 pages wired down (`wire'),
371 active pages (`act'),
372 inactive pages (`inact'),
373 pages on the buffer cache queue (`cache'),
374 number of free pages (`free'),
375 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
376 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
377 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
378 times the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
379 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
381 intransit blocking page faults (`intrn')
382 per second over the refresh interval.
384 At the bottom of this column are lines showing the
385 amount of memory, in kilobytes, used for the buffer cache (`buf'),
386 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dirtybuf'),
387 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desiredvnodes')
388 (mostly unused, except to size the name cache),
389 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvnodes'),
391 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`freevnodes').
393 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
394 of the interrupts being handled by the system (`Interrupts').
395 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
396 over the time interval (`total').
397 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device by device basis.
398 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
400 The following commands are specific to the
402 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
404 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
406 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
408 Display statistics as a running total from the point this command is given.
410 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
412 Toggle the display of fd devices in the disk usage display.
414 Reset running statistics to zero.
419 statistics, including
421 timer interrupts (`timer'),
423 (Inter-Processor Interrupts) (`ipi'),
424 external interrupts (i.e.\& not timer or ipi) (`extint'), and
426 time breakdown (`user%', `nice%', `sys%', `intr%', and `idle%').
428 Display, in the lower window, network connections.
429 By default, network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
430 Each address is displayed in the format ``host.port'',
431 with each shown symbolically, when possible.
432 It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
433 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
434 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
436 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
438 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
439 is the equivalent of the
444 Display network addresses numerically.
446 Display network addresses symbolically.
447 .It Ic proto Ar protocol
448 Display only network connections using the indicated
450 Supported protocols are
455 .It Ic ignore Op Ar items
456 Do not display information about connections associated with
457 the specified hosts or ports.
458 Hosts and ports may be specified
459 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
460 Host addresses use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
462 may be specified with a single command by separating them with spaces.
463 .It Ic display Op Ar items
464 Display information about the connections associated with the
465 specified hosts or ports.
469 may be names or numbers.
470 .It Ic show Op Cm ports | hosts
471 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols, hosts, and ports.
472 Hosts and ports which are being ignored are prefixed with a `!'.
477 is supplied as an argument to
479 then only the requested information will be displayed.
481 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
482 (any protocol, port, or host).
485 Display aggregate and per-connection tcp receive and transmit rates.
486 Only active tcp connections originated or terminated by the host
489 Display packet filter (pf) state information for states which are
490 actively passing data. This requires pf to be active to be meaningful
491 but is capable of displaying connection state for all packet traffic
492 passing through the machine, even for connections that do not originate
493 or terminate on the machine.
495 Display packet filter altq statistics.
496 The ALTQ operates in conjunction with the packet filter (pf) on the
497 interface's transmit path.
498 Packet rate, data rate in bytes per interval, drop rate, and queue
499 length is displayed in three separate sections in a convenient
500 INTERFACE-by-ALTQLABEL matrix.
503 and queue length are combined in the third section.
504 If packet drops are present, drops
505 will be displayed, otherwise the packet queue length with a 'Q' suffix
509 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
510 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
511 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
512 insufficient for display.
513 For example, on a machine with 10 drives the
515 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
516 When a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
517 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
519 The following commands are common to each display which shows
520 information about disk drives.
521 These commands are used to
522 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
523 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the screen.
525 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
526 .It Ic ignore Op Ar drives
527 Do not display information about the drives indicated.
528 Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
529 .It Ic display Op Ar drives
530 Display information about the drives indicated.
531 Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
532 .It Ic only Op Ar drives
533 Display only the specified drives.
534 Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
536 Display a list of available devices.
537 .It Ic match Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass Op | Ar ...
538 Display devices matching the given pattern.
539 The basic matching expressions are the same as those used in
542 Instead of specifying multiple
544 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
545 matching expressions joined by the pipe
548 The comma separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed
549 together, and then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
550 Any device matching the combined expression will be displayed,
551 if there is room to display it.
554 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
556 This will display all
558 Direct Access devices and all
562 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
564 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
565 and all passthrough devices that provide access to
570 .Bl -tag -width /etc/networks -compact
574 For information in main memory.
606 the notion of having different display modes for the
612 statistics was stolen from the
620 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
623 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
624 a separate display rather than created as a new program).