share/misc/bsd-family-tree

   1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
   2 ---------------------------------------------
   3
   4 First Edition (V1)
   5      |
   6 Second Edition (V2)
   7      |
   8 Third Edition (V3)
   9      |
  10 Fourth Edition (V4)
  11      |
  12 Fifth Edition (V5)
  13      |
  14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
  15        \                |
  16         \               |
  17          \              |
  18 Seventh Edition (V7)    |
  19             \           |
  20              \        1BSD
  21              32V        |
  22                \      2BSD---------------*
  23                 \    /                   |
  24                  \  /                    |
  25                   \/                     |
  26                  3BSD                    |
  27                   |                      |
  28                4.0BSD               2.7.9BSD
  29                   |                      |
  30                4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
  31                   |                      |
  32               4.1aBSD -----------\       |
  33                   |                \     |
  34               4.1bBSD                \   |
  35                   |                    \ |
  36       *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
  37      /            |                      |
  38 Eighth Edition    |                   2.9BSD-Seismo
  39      |            |                      |
  40      +----<--- 4.2BSD               2.9.1BSD
  41      |            |                      |
  42      +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
  43      |            |               /      |
  44 Ninth Edition     |              / 2.10.1BSD
  45      |         4.3BSD Tahoe-----+        |
  46      |            |              \       |
  47      |            |                \     |
  48      v            |                  2.11BSD
  49 Tenth Edition     |                      |
  50                   |                  2.11BSD rev #430
  51                4.3BSD NET/1              |
  52                   |                      v
  53                4.3BSD Reno
  54                   |
  55    *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
  56    |                    |                      |             |
  57 386BSD 0.0              |                      |           BSD/386 ALPHA
  58    |                    |                      |             |
  59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+                      |           BSD/386 0.3.[13]
  60    |     \              |                  4.4BSD Alpha      |
  61    |     386BSD 1.0     |                      |           BSD/386 0.9.[34]
  62    |                    |                  4.4BSD            |
  63    |                    |                    / |             |
  64    |                    |   4.4BSD-Encumbered  |             |
  65    |                 NetBSD 0.8                |           BSD/386 1.0
  66    |                    |                      |             |
  67 FreeBSD 1.0          NetBSD 0.9                |           BSD/386 1.1
  68    |                    |           .----- 4.4BSD Lite       |
  69 FreeBSD 1.1             |          /   /       |     \       |
  70    |                    |         /   /        |      \      |
  71 FreeBSD 1.1.5       .---|--------'   /         |       \     |
  72    |               /    |           /          |        \    |
  73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1   /     |          /           |         \   |
  74    |             /   NetBSD 1.0 <-'            |          \  |
  75    |            /       |                      |           \ |
  76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--'        |                      |           BSD/OS 2.0
  77    |                     \                     |             |
  78 FreeBSD 2.0.5             \                    |           BSD/OS 2.0.1
  79    |                 .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2       |
  80    |                 |      \             |  |   |   |       |
  81    |                 | .-----|------Rhapsody |   |   |       |
  82    |                 | |     |        NetBSD 1.3 |   |       |
  83    |                 | |     |           OpenBSD 2.3 |       |
  84    |                 | |     |                BSD/OS 3.0     |
  85 FreeBSD 2.1          | |     |                               |
  86  |   |               | |  NetBSD 1.1 ------.               BSD/OS 2.1
  87  | FreeBSD 2.1.5     | |     |              \                |
  88  |     |             | |  NetBSD 1.2         \             BSD/OS 3.0
  89  | FreeBSD 2.1.6     | |     |  \          OpenBSD 2.0       |
  90  |     |             | |     |   \             |             |
  91  | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1   | |     |    \            |             |
  92  |     |             | |     |     \           |             |
  93  | FreeBSD 2.1.7     | |     |      |          |             |
  94  |     |             | |     |  NetBSD 1.2.1   |             |
  95  | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1   | |     |                 |             |
  96  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  97  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  98  *-FreeBSD 2.2       | |     |                 |             |
  99  |        \          | |     |                 |             |
 100  |     FreeBSD 2.2.1 | |     |                 |             |
 101  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 102  |     FreeBSD 2.2.2 | |     |             OpenBSD 2.1       |
 103  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 104  |     FreeBSD 2.2.5 | |     |                 |             |
 105  |         |         | |     |             OpenBSD 2.2       |
 106  |         |         | |  NetBSD 1.3           |             |
 107  |     FreeBSD 2.2.6 | |     |    |            |             |
 108  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.1    |           BSD/OS 3.1
 109  |         |         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.3       |
 110  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.2    |             |
 111  |     FreeBSD 2.2.7 | |     |    |            |             |
 112  |         |         | |     |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.0
 113  |         v         | |     |    |            |             |
 114  |     FreeBSD 2.2.8 | |     |    |            |             |
 115  |                   | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.4       |
 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* |     |    v            |             |
 117  |                     |     | NetBSD 1.3.3    |             |
 118  *---FreeBSD 3.1       |     |                 |             |
 119  |       |             |     |                 |           BSD/OS 4.0.1
 120  |   FreeBSD 3.2----*  |  NetBSD 1.4       OpenBSD 2.5       |
 121  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 122  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 123  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 124  |   FreeBSD 3.3    |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.1    |             |
 125  |       |          |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.6       |
 126  |   FreeBSD 3.4    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 127  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.1
 128 FreeBSD 4.0  |      |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.2    |             |
 129  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 130  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 131  |   FreeBSD 3.5    |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.7       |
 132  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 133  |   FreeBSD 3.5.1  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 134  |                  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 135  *---FreeBSD 4.1    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 136  |      |           |  | (?) |    |            |             |
 137  |   FreeBSD 4.1.1  |  |  /  |    |            |             |
 138  |      |           |  | /   |    |            |             |
 139  |   FreeBSD 4.2   Darwin/   | NetBSD 1.4.3    |             |
 140  |      |         Mac OS X   |    |        OpenBSD 2.8     BSD/OS 4.2
 141  |      |             |      |    v            |             |
 142  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 143  |      |           10.0  NetBSD 1.5           |             |
 144  |   FreeBSD 4.3      |      |    |            |             |
 145  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 2.9       |
 146  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.5.1    |             |
 147  |      |             |      |    |            |             |
 148  |   FreeBSD 4.4-.    |      | NetBSD 1.5.2    |             |
 149  |      |        | Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 150  |      |        |   10.1    |    |        OpenBSD 3.0       |
 151  |   FreeBSD 4.5 |    |      |    |            |             |
 152  |      |         \   |      |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.3
 153  |   FreeBSD 4.6   \  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.1       |
 154  |      |           \ |      | NetBSD 1.5.3    |             v
 155  |   FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X  |    |            |
 156  |      |            10.2    |    v            |
 157  |   FreeBSD 4.7      |      |                 |
 158  |      |             |   NetBSD 1.6           |
 159  |   FreeBSD 4.8      |      |                 |
 160  |      |             |      |             OpenBSD 3.2
 161  |      v             |      |                 |
 162  |                    |      |                 |
 163 FreeBSD 5.0           |      |                 |
 164  |                    |      |                 |
 165 FreeBSD 5.0-current   |   NetBSD -current  OpenBSD -current
 166  |                    |      |                 |
 167  v                    v      v                 v
 168
 169 Time
 170 ----------------
 171
 172 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
 173 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
 174
 175 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
 176         and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
 177         the 4.4BSD Operating System.
 178 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
 179 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
 180 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
 181 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
 182 [KB]  Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
 183         Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
 184 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
 185         comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
 186 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
 187         Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
 188         Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
 189 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
 190 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
 191 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
 192 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
 193 [USE] Usenet announcement.
 194 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
 195 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
 196
 197 Multics                 1965
 198 UNIX                    Summer 1969
 199                                 DEC PDP-7
 200 First   Edition         1971-11-03 [QCU]
 201                                 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
 202 Second  Edition         1972-06-12 [QCU]
 203                                 10 UNIX installations
 204 Third   Edition         1973-02-xx [QCU]
 205                                 Pipes, 16 installations
 206 Fourth  Edition         1973-11-xx [QCU]
 207                                 rewriting in C effected,
 208                                 above 30 installations
 209 Fifth   Edition         1974-06-xx [QCU]
 210                                 above 50 installations
 211 Sixth   Edition         1975-05-xx [QCU]
 212                                 port to DEC Vax
 213 Seventh Edition         1979-01-xx [QCU]
 214                                 first portable UNIX
 215 Eighth  Edition         1985-02-xx [QCU]
 216                                 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
 217                                 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
 218                                 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
 219                         scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
 220                         and networking part by the streams mechanism
 221
 222 Ninth   Edition         1986-09-xx [QCU]
 223 Tenth   Edition         1989-10-xx [QCU]
 224
 225 1BSD                    late 1977
 226                         1978-03-09 [QCU]
 227                                 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
 228                                 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
 229                                 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
 230 2BSD                    mid 1978 [QCU]
 231                                 75 2BSD tapes shipped
 232 2.7.9BSD                ?? [SMS]
 233 2.8BSD                  1981-07-xx [KSJ]
 234
 235 2.8.1BSD                1982-01-xx [QCU]
 236                                 set of performance improvements
 237 2.9BSD                  1983-07-xx [KSJ]
 238 2.9.1BSD                1983-11-xx
 239 2.9BSD-Seismo           1985-08-xx [SMS]
 240 2.10BSD                 1987-04-xx [KKK]
 241 2.10.1BSD               1989-01-xx [SMS]
 242 2.11BSD                 1992-02-xx [SMS]
 243 2.11BSD rev #430        1999-12-13 [SMS]
 244
 245 32V                     1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
 246 3BSD                    late 1979 [QCU]
 247                                 virtual memory, page replacement,
 248                                 demand paging
 249 4.0BSD                  1980-10-xx
 250 4.1BSD                  1981-07-08 [DOC]
 251 4.1aBSD                 1982-04-xx
 252                                 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
 253 4.1bBSD                         internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
 254 4.1cBSD                 late 1982
 255                                 beta release, IPC [44B]
 256 4.2BSD                  1983-09-xx [QCU]
 257                         1983-08-03 [DOC]
 258 4.3BSD                  1986-06-xx [QCU]
 259                         1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
 260 4.3BSD Tahoe            1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
 261 4.3BSD NET/1            1988-11-xx [QCU]
 262                         1989-01-01 [DOC]
 263 4.3BSD Reno             1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
 264 4.3BSD NET/2            1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
 265
 266 BSD/386 ALPHA           1991-12-xx [BSDI]
 267                                 first code released to people outside BSDI
 268 386BSD 0.0              1992-02-xx [DOC]
 269 BSD/386 0.3.1           1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
 270 BSD/386 0.3.3           1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
 271 386BSD 0.1              1992-07-28 [DOC]
 272 4.4BSD Alpha            1992-07-07
 273 BSD/386 0.9.3           1992-10-xx [BSDI]
 274                                 first external gamma; G customers
 275 BSD/386 0.9.4           1992-12-xx [BSDI]
 276                                 would have been 1.0 except for request
 277                                 for preliminary injunction
 278 BSD/386 1.0             1993-03-xx [BSDI]
 279                                 injunction denied; first official release
 280 NetBSD 0.8              1993-04-20 [NBD]
 281 4.4BSD                  1993-06-01 [USE]
 282 NetBSD 0.9              1993-08-23 [NBD]
 283 FreeBSD 1.0             1993-11-01 [FBD]
 284 BSD/386 1.1             1994-02-xx [BSDI]
 285 4.4BSD Lite             1994-03-01 [USE]
 286 FreeBSD 1.1             1994-04-xx [FBD]
 287 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1         1994-07-xx [FBD]
 288                                 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release.
 289 NetBSD 1.0              1994-10-26 [NBD]
 290 386BSD 1.0              1994-11-12 [USE]
 291 FreeBSD 2.0             1995-01-xx [FBD]
 292 BSD/OS 2.0              1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
 293 FreeBSD 2.0.5           1995-06-10 [FBD]
 294 BSD/OS 2.0.1            1995-06-xx [BSDI]
 295 4.4BSD Lite Release 2   1995-06-xx [44B]
 296                                 the true final distribution from the CSRG
 297 FreeBSD 2.1.0           1995-11-19 [FBD]
 298 NetBSD 1.1              1995-11-26 [NBD]
 299 BSD/OS 2.1              1996-01-xx [BSDI]
 300 FreeBSD 2.1.5           1996-07-14 [FBD]
 301 NetBSD 1.2              1996-10-04 [NBD]
 302 OpenBSD 2.0             1996-10-18 [OBD]
 303 FreeBSD 2.1.6           1996-11-16 [FBD]
 304 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1         1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
 305 Rhapsody                1997-xx-xx
 306 FreeBSD 2.1.7           1997-02-20 [FBD]
 307 BSD/OS 3.0              1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
 308 FreeBSD 2.2.0           1997-03-16 [FBD]
 309 FreeBSD 2.2.1           1997-03-25 [FBD]
 310 FreeBSD 2.2.2           1997-05-16 [FBD]
 311 NetBSD 1.2.1            1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
 312 OpenBSD 2.1             1997-06-01 [OBD]
 313 FreeBSD 2.2.5           1997-10-22 [FBD]
 314 OpenBSD 2.2             1997-12-01 [OBD]
 315 NetBSD 1.3              1998-01-04 [NBD]
 316 FreeBSD 2.2.6           1998-03-25 [FBD]
 317 NetBSD 1.3.1            1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
 318 BSD/OS 3.1              1998-03-xx [BSDI]
 319 OpenBSD 2.3             1998-05-19 [OBD]
 320 NetBSD 1.3.2            1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
 321 FreeBSD 2.2.7           1998-07-22 [FBD]
 322 BSD/OS 4.0              1998-08-xx [BSDI]
 323                                 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
 324 FreeBSD 3.0             1998-10-16 [FBD]
 325                                 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
 326                                 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
 327                                 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
 328 FreeBSD 2.2.8           1998-11-29 [FBD]
 329 OpenBSD 2.4             1998-12-01 [OBD]
 330 NetBSD 1.3.3            1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
 331 FreeBSD 3.1             1999-02-15 [FBD]
 332 BSD/OS 4.0.1            1999-03-xx [BSDI]
 333 NetBSD 1.4              1999-05-12 [NBD]
 334 FreeBSD 3.2             1999-05-17 [FBD]
 335 OpenBSD 2.5             1999-05-19 [OBD]
 336 NetBSD 1.4.1            1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
 337 FreeBSD 3.3             1999-09-17 [FBD]
 338 OpenBSD 2.6             1999-12-01 [OBD]
 339 FreeBSD 3.4             1999-12-20 [FBD]
 340 BSD/OS 4.1              1999-12-xx [BSDI]
 341 FreeBSD 4.0             2000-03-13 [FBD]
 342 NetBSD 1.4.2            2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
 343 OpenBSD 2.7             2000-06-15 [OBD]
 344 FreeBSD 3.5             2000-06-24 [FBD]
 345 FreeBSD 4.1             2000-07-27 [FBD]
 346 FreeBSD 3.5.1           2000-07-28 [FBD]
 347 FreeBSD 4.1.1           2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
 348 FreeBSD 4.2             2000-11-21 [FBD]
 349 NetBSD 1.4.3            2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
 350 BSD/OS 4.2              2000-11-29 [BSDI]
 351 OpenBSD 2.8             2000-12-01 [OBD]
 352 NetBSD 1.5              2000-12-06 [NBD]
 353 Mac OS X 10.0           2001-03-24 [APL]
 354 FreeBSD 4.3             2001-04-20 [FBD]
 355 OpenBSD 2.9             2001-06-01 [OBD]
 356 NetBSD 1.5.1            2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
 357 NetBSD 1.5.2            2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
 358 FreeBSD 4.4             2001-09-18 [FBD]
 359 Mac OS X 10.1           2001-09-29 [APL]
 360 OpenBSD 3.0             2001-12-01 [OBD]
 361 FreeBSD 4.5             2002-01-29 [FBD]
 362 BSD/OS 4.3              2002-03-14 [WRS]
 363 OpenBSD 3.1             2002-05-19 [OBD]
 364 FreeBSD 4.6             2002-06-15 [FBD]
 365 NetBSD 1.5.3            2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
 366 FreeBSD 4.6.2           2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
 367 Mac OS X 10.2           2002-08-23 [APL]
 368 NetBSD 1.6              2002-09-14 [NBD]
 369 FreeBSD 4.7             2002-10-08 [FBD]
 370 OpenBSD 3.2             2002-11-01 [OBD]
 371 FreeBSD 5.0             2003-01-17 [FBD]
 372                                 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
 373                                 -current, similar to 3.0.
 374 FreeBSD 4.8             2003-04-03 [FBD]
 375
 376
 377 Bibliography
 378 ------------------------
 379
 380 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
 381 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
 382 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
 383
 384 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
 385 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
 386
 387 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
 388 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
 389 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
 390
 391 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
 392
 393 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
 394 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
 395 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
 396
 397 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
 398 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable)
 399
 400 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
 401 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
 402
 403 BSD Release Announcements collection.
 404 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
 405
 406 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
 407 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
 408
 409 UNIX history graphing project
 410 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
 411
 412 UNIX history
 413 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
 414
 415 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
 416 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
 417 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
 418
 419
 420 Acknowledgments
 421 ---------------
 422
 423 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
 424 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
 425
 426 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
 427
 428 --
 429 Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
 430 URL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
 431
 432 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.21.2.14 2003/04/07 05:22:13 murray Exp $
 433 $DragonFly: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:37:01 dillon Exp $