2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18 * must display the following acknowledgement:
19 * This product includes software developed by the University of
20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
23 * without specific prior written permission.
25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
37 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
38 * @(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
39 * $FreeBSD: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.27.2.3 2001/08/01 01:37:35 obrien Exp $
40 * $DragonFly: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.5 2004/11/07 20:54:51 eirikn Exp $
43 #include <sys/param.h>
46 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
47 #include <sys/filio.h>
63 static void dd_close (void);
64 static void dd_in (void);
65 int main (int, char *[]);
66 static void getfdtype (IO *);
67 static void setup (void);
69 IO in, out; /* input/output state */
70 STAT st; /* statistics */
71 void (*cfunc) (void); /* conversion function */
72 quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */
73 off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */
74 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */
75 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */
76 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */
77 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */
80 main(int argc __unused, char **argv)
82 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
86 signal(SIGINFO, summaryx);
87 signal(SIGINT, terminate);
104 if (in.name == NULL) {
106 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
108 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
110 err(1, "%s", in.name);
115 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
116 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
118 if (out.name == NULL) {
119 /* No way to check for read access here. */
120 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
124 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
125 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
127 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
128 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
132 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
136 err(1, "%s", out.name);
142 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
143 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
145 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
146 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
147 err(1, "input buffer");
149 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
150 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
151 err(1, "output buffer");
155 /* Position the input/output streams. */
162 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
163 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
165 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
167 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
168 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
171 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a
172 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the
175 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE)) {
176 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC)) {
177 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
178 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
179 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]);
181 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
182 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]);
185 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
186 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
187 casetab[cnt] = tolower((int)cnt);
189 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
190 casetab[cnt] = toupper((int)cnt);
196 gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
197 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
206 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
207 err(1, "%s", io->name);
208 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
209 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
210 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
211 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
212 err(1, "%s", io->name);
216 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM)) {
220 ioctl(io->fd, DIOCWLABEL, &one);
224 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
230 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
243 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
248 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (u_quad_t)cpy_cnt)
254 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
257 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
258 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
259 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
261 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
264 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
273 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
274 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
276 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
277 err(1, "%s", in.name);
282 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
283 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
284 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
285 * in sector size chunks.
287 if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
288 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
291 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
292 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
295 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
296 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
299 /* Handle full input blocks. */
300 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
301 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
304 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
306 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
307 if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
308 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
310 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
315 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
316 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
317 * is output without buffering as it is read.
319 if (ddflags & C_BS) {
320 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
326 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
327 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
331 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
340 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
348 else if (cfunc == block)
350 else if (cfunc == unblock)
352 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
353 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
354 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
356 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
357 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
359 if (out.dbcnt || pending)
373 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
374 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
375 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
376 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
378 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
379 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
380 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
381 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
382 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
385 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
386 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
389 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
390 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
392 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
393 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
394 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
400 if (sparse && !force) {
407 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
409 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
412 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
416 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
423 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
425 err(1, "%s", out.name);
430 if ((size_t)nw == n) {
438 if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
440 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
441 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
443 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
445 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
449 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
453 /* Reassemble the output block. */
455 memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
456 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;