1 /* $KAME: traceroute6.c,v 1.68 2004/01/25 11:16:12 suz Exp $ */
4 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
16 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17 * without specific prior written permission.
19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
34 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
36 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
39 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
40 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
42 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
43 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
44 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
45 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
46 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
47 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
48 * must display the following acknowledgement:
49 * This product includes software developed by the University of
50 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
51 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
52 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
53 * without specific prior written permission.
55 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
56 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
57 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
58 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
59 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
60 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
61 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
62 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
63 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
64 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
67 * "@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
68 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
70 * $FreeBSD: src/usr.sbin/traceroute6/traceroute6.c,v 1.22 2008/02/10 21:06:38 dwmalone Exp $
71 * $DragonFly: src/usr.sbin/traceroute6/traceroute6.c,v 1.9 2008/09/04 09:08:22 hasso Exp $
75 * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host".
77 * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some
78 * internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe
79 * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an
80 * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes
81 * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port
82 * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which
83 * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three
84 * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a
85 * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and
86 * round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from
87 * different gateways, the address of each responding system will
88 * be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout
89 * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that
92 * Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination
93 * host to process them so the destination port is set to an
94 * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that
95 * value, it can be changed with the -p flag).
97 * A sample use might be:
99 * [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
100 * traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet
101 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms
102 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
103 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
104 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms
105 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
106 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms
107 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms
108 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms
109 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms
110 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms
111 * 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms
113 * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy
114 * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards
115 * packets with a zero ttl.
117 * A more interesting example is:
119 * [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
120 * traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max
121 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
122 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms
123 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms
124 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms
125 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms
126 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms
127 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms
128 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms
129 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms
130 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms
131 * 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms
133 * 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms
138 * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms
140 * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to
141 * MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away
142 * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them
143 * with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the
144 * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God
145 * only knows what's going on with 12.
147 * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in
148 * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3)
149 * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the
150 * original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is
151 * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back
152 * to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting
153 * when it appears on the destination system:
155 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
156 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms
157 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms
158 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms
159 * 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
160 * 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms
167 * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms !
169 * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final
170 * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing".
171 * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5)
172 * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its
173 * icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path
174 * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for
175 * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path
176 * length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that
177 * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists.
178 * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1.
179 * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or
180 * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem
181 * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your
184 * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host,
185 * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source
186 * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should
187 * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If
188 * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute
189 * will give up and exit.
193 * This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that
194 * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot
195 * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.)
197 * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any
198 * system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto
199 * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as
200 * opposed to data to be wrapped in an ip datagram). See the README
201 * file that came with the source to this program for a description
202 * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may
203 * vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE
204 * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM.
206 * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre).
207 * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of
208 * data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp
209 * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original
210 * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the
211 * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to
212 * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway,
213 * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this
214 * code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to
215 * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the
216 * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out
217 * of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being
218 * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a
219 * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination
220 * port number before each probe.
222 * Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a
223 * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours
224 * without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran.
226 * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since
227 * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right
228 * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy
229 * Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with
230 * the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm
231 * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret.
233 * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or
234 * enhancements to the original distribution.
236 * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by
237 * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination
238 * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source
239 * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day...
241 * -- Van Jacobson (van@helios.ee.lbl.gov)
242 * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988
245 #include <sys/param.h>
246 #include <sys/time.h>
247 #include <sys/socket.h>
249 #include <sys/file.h>
250 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
251 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
253 #include <netinet/in.h>
255 #include <arpa/inet.h>
268 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
269 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
270 #include <netinet/udp.h>
273 #include <net/route.h>
274 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
277 #define DUMMY_PORT 10010
279 #define MAXPACKET 65535 /* max ip packet size */
281 #ifndef HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
282 #define getipnodebyname(x, y, z, u) gethostbyname2((x), (y))
283 #define freehostent(x)
287 * format of a (udp) probe packet.
295 u_char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */
296 u_char hops; /* hop limit of the packet */
298 struct tv32 tv; /* time packet left */
299 } __attribute__((__packed__));
301 u_char packet[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */
302 struct opacket *outpacket; /* last output (udp) packet */
304 int main(int, char *[]);
305 int wait_for_reply(int, struct msghdr *);
307 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
308 int setpolicy(int so, char *policy);
311 void send_probe(int, u_long);
312 void *get_uphdr(struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *);
313 int get_hoplim(struct msghdr *);
314 double deltaT(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
316 int packet_ok(struct msghdr *, int, int);
317 void print(struct msghdr *, int);
318 const char *inetname(struct sockaddr *);
321 int rcvsock; /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */
322 int sndsock; /* send (udp) socket file descriptor */
324 struct msghdr rcvmhdr;
325 struct iovec rcviov[2];
327 struct in6_pktinfo *rcvpktinfo;
329 struct sockaddr_in6 Src, Dst, Rcv;
330 u_long datalen; /* How much data */
331 #define ICMP6ECHOLEN 8
332 /* XXX: 2064 = 127(max hops in type 0 rthdr) * sizeof(ip6_hdr) + 16(margin) */
339 u_long first_hop = 1;
340 u_long max_hops = 30;
342 u_int16_t port = 32768+666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */
344 int options; /* socket options */
346 int waittime = 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */
347 int nflag; /* print addresses numerically */
348 int useproto = IPPROTO_UDP; /* protocol to use to send packet */
349 int lflag; /* print both numerical address & hostname */
352 main(int argc, char **argv)
354 int mib[4] = { CTL_NET, PF_INET6, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6CTL_DEFHLIM };
355 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], src0[NI_MAXHOST], *ep;
356 int ch, i, on = 1, seq, rcvcmsglen, error, minlen;
357 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
358 static u_char *rcvcmsgbuf;
359 u_long probe, hops, lport;
367 if ((rcvsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)) < 0) {
368 perror("socket(ICMPv6)");
373 (void) sysctl(mib, sizeof(mib)/sizeof(mib[0]), &i, &size, NULL, 0);
376 /* specify to tell receiving interface */
377 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
378 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &on,
380 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)");
381 #else /* old adv. API */
382 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &on,
384 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
387 /* specify to tell value of hoplimit field of received IP6 hdr */
388 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
389 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &on,
391 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)");
392 #else /* old adv. API */
393 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &on,
395 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)");
400 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "df:g:Ilm:nNp:q:rs:Uvw:")) != -1)
408 first_hop = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
409 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep || first_hop > 255) {
411 "traceroute6: invalid min hoplimit.\n");
416 hp = getipnodebyname(optarg, AF_INET6, 0, &h_errno);
419 "traceroute6: unknown host %s\n", optarg);
425 useproto = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
426 ident = htons(getpid() & 0xffff); /* same as ping6 */
434 max_hops = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
435 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep || max_hops > 255) {
437 "traceroute6: invalid max hoplimit.\n");
445 useproto = IPPROTO_NONE;
450 lport = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
451 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep) {
452 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: invalid port.\n");
455 if (lport == 0 || lport != (lport & 0xffff)) {
457 "traceroute6: port out of range.\n");
460 port = lport & 0xffff;
465 nprobes = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
466 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep) {
468 "traceroute6: invalid nprobes.\n");
473 "traceroute6: nprobes must be >0.\n");
478 options |= SO_DONTROUTE;
482 * set the ip source address of the outbound
483 * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host).
491 useproto = IPPROTO_UDP;
496 waittime = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
497 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep) {
499 "traceroute6: invalid wait time.\n");
504 "traceroute6: wait must be >= 1 sec.\n");
515 * Open socket to send probe packets.
522 if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
523 perror("socket(SOCK_DGRAM)");
528 if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_NONE)) < 0) {
529 perror("socket(SOCK_RAW)");
534 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: unknown probe protocol %d",
538 if (max_hops < first_hop) {
540 "traceroute6: max hoplimit must be larger than first hoplimit.\n");
546 if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) == -1) {
552 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
556 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ);
561 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
562 hints.ai_family = PF_INET6;
563 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
564 hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
565 hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
566 error = getaddrinfo(*argv, NULL, &hints, &res);
569 "traceroute6: %s\n", gai_strerror(error));
572 if (res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(Dst)) {
574 "traceroute6: size of sockaddr mismatch\n");
577 memcpy(&Dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
578 hostname = res->ai_canonname ? strdup(res->ai_canonname) : *argv;
580 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: not enough core\n");
584 if (getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, hbuf,
585 sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
586 strlcpy(hbuf, "?", sizeof(hbuf));
587 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: Warning: %s has multiple "
588 "addresses; using %s\n", hostname, hbuf);
594 datalen = strtoul(*argv, &ep, 0);
595 if (errno || !*argv || *ep) {
597 "traceroute6: invalid packet length.\n");
603 minlen = ICMP6ECHOLEN + sizeof(struct tv32);
606 minlen = sizeof(struct opacket);
613 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: unknown probe protocol %d.\n",
617 if (datalen < minlen)
619 else if (datalen >= MAXPACKET) {
621 "traceroute6: packet size must be %d <= s < %ld.\n",
622 minlen, (long)MAXPACKET);
625 outpacket = (struct opacket *)malloc((unsigned)datalen);
630 (void) bzero((char *)outpacket, datalen);
632 /* initialize msghdr for receiving packets */
633 rcviov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
634 rcviov[0].iov_len = sizeof(packet);
635 rcvmhdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&Rcv;
636 rcvmhdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(Rcv);
637 rcvmhdr.msg_iov = rcviov;
638 rcvmhdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
639 rcvcmsglen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)) +
640 CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
641 if ((rcvcmsgbuf = malloc(rcvcmsglen)) == NULL) {
642 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: malloc failed\n");
645 rcvmhdr.msg_control = (caddr_t) rcvcmsgbuf;
646 rcvmhdr.msg_controllen = rcvcmsglen;
648 if (options & SO_DEBUG)
649 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
650 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
651 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
652 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
653 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
655 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
657 * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec
660 if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "in bypass") < 0)
661 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
662 if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "out bypass") < 0)
663 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
666 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_NONE;
668 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
670 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
672 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
673 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
676 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level,
679 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL
680 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
684 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
689 if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&i,
690 sizeof(i)) < 0 && useproto != IPPROTO_NONE) {
691 perror("setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
694 #endif /* SO_SNDBUF */
695 if (options & SO_DEBUG)
696 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
697 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
698 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
699 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
700 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
702 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
704 * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec
707 if (setpolicy(sndsock, "in bypass") < 0)
708 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
709 if (setpolicy(sndsock, "out bypass") < 0)
710 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
713 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_BYPASS;
715 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
717 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
719 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
720 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
723 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level,
726 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL
727 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
731 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
737 bzero(&Src, sizeof(Src));
739 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
742 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
743 hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
744 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /*dummy*/
745 hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
746 error = getaddrinfo(source, "0", &hints, &res);
748 printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source,
749 gai_strerror(error));
752 if (res->ai_addrlen > sizeof(Src)) {
753 printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source,
754 gai_strerror(error));
757 memcpy(&Src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
760 struct sockaddr_in6 Nxt;
765 Nxt.sin6_port = htons(DUMMY_PORT);
766 if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
770 if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Nxt, Nxt.sin6_len) < 0) {
775 if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &len) < 0) {
776 perror("getsockname");
779 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len,
780 src0, sizeof(src0), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) {
781 fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo failed for source\n");
788 Src.sin6_port = htons(0);
789 if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len) < 0) {
798 if (getsockname(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &len) < 0) {
799 perror("getsockname");
802 srcport = ntohs(Src.sin6_port);
808 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len, hbuf,
809 sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST))
810 strlcpy(hbuf, "(invalid)", sizeof(hbuf));
811 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6");
812 fprintf(stderr, " to %s (%s)", hostname, hbuf);
814 fprintf(stderr, " from %s", source);
815 fprintf(stderr, ", %lu hops max, %lu byte packets\n",
817 (void) fflush(stderr);
820 printf("Skipping %lu intermediate hops\n", first_hop - 1);
825 for (hops = first_hop; hops <= max_hops; ++hops) {
826 struct in6_addr lastaddr;
830 printf("%2lu ", hops);
831 bzero(&lastaddr, sizeof(lastaddr));
832 for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) {
834 struct timeval t1, t2;
836 (void) gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
837 send_probe(++seq, hops);
838 while ((cc = wait_for_reply(rcvsock, &rcvmhdr))) {
839 (void) gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
840 if ((i = packet_ok(&rcvmhdr, cc, seq))) {
841 if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&Rcv.sin6_addr,
844 fputs("\n ", stdout);
846 lastaddr = Rcv.sin6_addr;
848 printf(" %.3f ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2));
850 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE:
854 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN:
858 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOTNEIGHBOR:
862 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR:
866 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT:
878 (void) fflush(stdout);
882 (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= ((nprobes + 1) / 2))) {
891 wait_for_reply(int sock, struct msghdr *mhdr)
894 struct pollfd pfd[1];
898 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
901 if (poll(pfd, 1, waittime * 1000) > 0)
902 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0);
910 fdsn = howmany(sock + 1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
911 if ((fdsp = (fd_set *)malloc(fdsn)) == NULL)
913 memset(fdsp, 0, fdsn);
915 wait.tv_sec = waittime; wait.tv_usec = 0;
917 if (select(sock+1, fdsp, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0)
918 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0);
926 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
928 setpolicy(int so, char *policy)
932 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
934 warnx("%s", ipsec_strerror());
937 (void)setsockopt(so, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY,
938 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf));
948 send_probe(int seq, u_long hops)
950 struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
957 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
958 (char *)&i, sizeof(i)) < 0) {
959 perror("setsockopt IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS");
962 Dst.sin6_port = htons(port + seq);
963 (void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
964 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(tv.tv_sec);
965 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(tv.tv_usec);
969 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)outpacket;
971 icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
973 icp->icmp6_cksum = 0;
974 icp->icmp6_id = ident;
975 icp->icmp6_seq = htons(seq);
976 bcopy(&tv32, ((u_int8_t *)outpacket + ICMP6ECHOLEN),
984 bcopy(&tv32, &op->tv, sizeof tv32);
987 /* No space for anything. No harm as seq/tv32 are decorative. */
990 fprintf(stderr, "Unknown probe protocol %d.\n", useproto);
994 i = sendto(sndsock, (char *)outpacket, datalen, 0,
995 (struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len);
996 if (i < 0 || i != datalen) {
999 printf("traceroute6: wrote %s %lu chars, ret=%d\n",
1000 hostname, datalen, i);
1001 (void) fflush(stdout);
1006 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1010 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1011 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1012 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1013 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1014 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1015 return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1022 deltaT(struct timeval *t1p, struct timeval *t2p)
1026 dt = (double)(t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1027 (double)(t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1032 * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string.
1037 u_char t = t0 & 0xff;
1041 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH:
1042 cp = "Destination Unreachable";
1044 case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG:
1045 cp = "Packet Too Big";
1047 case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED:
1048 cp = "Time Exceeded";
1050 case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB:
1051 cp = "Parameter Problem";
1053 case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST:
1054 cp = "Echo Request";
1056 case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY:
1059 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY:
1060 cp = "Group Membership Query";
1062 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT:
1063 cp = "Group Membership Report";
1065 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION:
1066 cp = "Group Membership Reduction";
1068 case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT:
1069 cp = "Router Solicitation";
1071 case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT:
1072 cp = "Router Advertisement";
1074 case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT:
1075 cp = "Neighbor Solicitation";
1077 case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT:
1078 cp = "Neighbor Advertisement";
1091 packet_ok(struct msghdr *mhdr, int cc, int seq)
1093 struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1094 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name;
1096 char *buf = (char *)mhdr->msg_iov[0].iov_base;
1099 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1107 ip = (struct ip6_hdr *) buf;
1108 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
1109 if (cc < hlen + sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1111 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1112 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1113 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1114 printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
1120 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)(buf + hlen);
1122 if (cc < sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1124 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1125 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1126 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1127 printf("data too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, hbuf);
1131 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf;
1133 /* get optional information via advanced API */
1136 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1137 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1138 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1139 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO &&
1141 CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)))
1142 rcvpktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)(CMSG_DATA(cm));
1144 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1145 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1146 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1147 hlimp = (int *)CMSG_DATA(cm);
1149 if (rcvpktinfo == NULL || hlimp == NULL) {
1150 warnx("failed to get received hop limit or packet info");
1154 rcvhlim = 0; /*XXX*/
1160 type = icp->icmp6_type;
1161 code = icp->icmp6_code;
1162 if ((type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED && code == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT)
1163 || type == ICMP6_DST_UNREACH) {
1164 struct ip6_hdr *hip;
1167 hip = (struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1);
1168 if ((up = get_uphdr(hip, (u_char *)(buf + cc))) == NULL) {
1170 warnx("failed to get upper layer header");
1174 case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
1175 if (((struct icmp6_hdr *)up)->icmp6_id == ident &&
1176 ((struct icmp6_hdr *)up)->icmp6_seq == htons(seq))
1177 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ?
1181 if (((struct udphdr *)up)->uh_sport == htons(srcport) &&
1182 ((struct udphdr *)up)->uh_dport == htons(port + seq))
1183 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ?
1187 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : code + 1);
1189 fprintf(stderr, "Unknown probe proto %d.\n", useproto);
1192 } else if (useproto == IPPROTO_ICMPV6 && type == ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY) {
1193 if (icp->icmp6_id == ident &&
1194 icp->icmp6_seq == htons(seq))
1195 return (ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT + 1);
1198 char sbuf[NI_MAXHOST+1], dbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1202 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1203 sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1204 strlcpy(sbuf, "invalid", sizeof(sbuf));
1205 printf("\n%d bytes from %s to %s", cc, sbuf,
1206 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1207 dbuf, sizeof(dbuf)) : "?");
1208 printf(": icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", type, pr_type(type),
1210 p = (u_int8_t *)(icp + 1);
1212 for (i = 0; i < cc; i++) {
1217 printf("%02x", p[i]);
1218 if (i % WIDTH == WIDTH - 1)
1221 if (cc % WIDTH != 0)
1228 * Increment pointer until find the UDP or ICMP header.
1231 get_uphdr(struct ip6_hdr *ip6, u_char *lim)
1233 u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh;
1235 static u_char none_hdr[1]; /* Fake pointer for IPPROTO_NONE. */
1237 if (cp + sizeof(*ip6) > lim)
1241 cp += sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
1243 while (lim - cp >= (nh == IPPROTO_NONE ? 0 : 8)) {
1248 case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
1249 return(useproto == nh ? cp : NULL);
1251 return(useproto == nh ? cp : NULL);
1253 return(useproto == nh ? none_hdr : NULL);
1254 case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:
1255 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag);
1256 nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt;
1259 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 2) << 2;
1260 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt;
1263 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 1) << 3;
1264 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt;
1275 print(struct msghdr *mhdr, int cc)
1277 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name;
1278 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1280 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1281 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1282 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1284 printf(" %s", hbuf);
1286 printf(" %s (%s)", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from), hbuf);
1288 printf(" %s", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from));
1292 printf(" %d bytes to %s", cc,
1293 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1294 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) : "?");
1296 printf(" %d bytes of data to %s", cc,
1297 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1298 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) : "?");
1304 * Construct an Internet address representation.
1305 * If the nflag has been supplied, give
1306 * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name.
1309 inetname(struct sockaddr *sa)
1311 static char line[NI_MAXHOST], domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
1312 static int first = 1;
1315 if (first && !nflag) {
1317 if (gethostname(domain, sizeof(domain)) == 0 &&
1318 (cp = strchr(domain, '.')))
1319 (void) strlcpy(domain, cp + 1, sizeof(domain));
1325 if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
1326 NI_NAMEREQD) == 0) {
1327 if ((cp = strchr(line, '.')) &&
1328 !strcmp(cp + 1, domain))
1336 if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
1337 NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1338 strlcpy(line, "invalid", sizeof(line));
1347 "usage: traceroute6 [-dIlnNrUv] [-f firsthop] [-g gateway] [-m hoplimit]\n"
1348 " [-p port] [-q probes] [-s src] [-w waittime] target [datalen]\n");