1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
9 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
28 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
29 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
30 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
32 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
33 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
35 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
36 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
37 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
38 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
39 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
40 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
41 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
42 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
44 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
45 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
46 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
47 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
48 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
50 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
51 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
52 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
53 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
54 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
55 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
56 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
57 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
58 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
59 # until we get more information.
61 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
62 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
63 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
64 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
65 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
67 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
68 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
72 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
74 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
78 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
79 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
80 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
81 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
82 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
83 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
84 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
85 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
86 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
87 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
88 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
89 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
90 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
91 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
92 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
93 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
94 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
95 # more precise 0:09:21.
96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
116 # See Africa/Abidjan.
126 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
127 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
128 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
129 # merely made it official?
131 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
132 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
134 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
135 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
138 # Central African Republic
142 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
143 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
144 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
145 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
153 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
154 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
156 # Republic of the Congo
159 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
161 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
163 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
164 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
165 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
166 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
167 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
168 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
169 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
170 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
171 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
172 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
176 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
179 ###############################################################################
183 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
184 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
185 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
186 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
188 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
189 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
190 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
191 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
192 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
193 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
194 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
195 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
196 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
197 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
198 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
199 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
200 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
201 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
202 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
203 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
204 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
205 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
206 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
207 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
208 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
209 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
211 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
212 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
213 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
214 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
216 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
217 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
219 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
220 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
221 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
222 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
223 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
224 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
225 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
226 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
227 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
228 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
229 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
230 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
231 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
232 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
233 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
234 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
235 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
236 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
237 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
238 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
239 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
240 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
241 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
242 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
243 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
244 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
245 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
247 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
248 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
250 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
251 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
253 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
254 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
256 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
257 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
259 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
260 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
262 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
264 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
266 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
268 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
270 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
271 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
272 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
274 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
275 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
276 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
279 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
280 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
281 # Information and Decision Support Center:
282 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
284 # The Middle East News Agency
285 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
286 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
287 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
288 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
289 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
292 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
293 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
294 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
297 # Arabic translation:
298 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
299 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
300 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
302 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
303 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
304 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
306 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
307 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
309 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
310 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
311 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
312 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
313 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
314 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
315 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
316 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
317 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
318 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
319 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
320 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
322 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
323 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
324 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
325 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
326 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
327 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
329 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
330 # 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
331 # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
332 # first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this,
333 # transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
334 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
335 # by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
336 # DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
337 # (let ((islamic-year 1436))
338 # (while (< islamic-year 1460)
339 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
340 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
342 # (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
344 # (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
348 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
349 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
352 # (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
353 # "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
354 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
355 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
356 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
357 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
358 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
359 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
360 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
361 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
362 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
363 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
364 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
365 Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
366 Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
367 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 -
368 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S
369 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 -
370 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S
371 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 -
372 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S
373 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 -
374 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
375 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 -
376 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S
377 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S
378 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S
379 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S
380 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
382 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
383 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
390 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
391 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
392 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
393 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
397 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
398 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
399 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
400 # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
402 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
403 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
404 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
405 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
407 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
408 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
409 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
416 # See Africa/Abidjan.
419 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
420 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
421 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
422 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
423 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
424 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
425 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
426 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
427 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
428 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
429 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
433 # See Africa/Abidjan.
437 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
438 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
439 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
440 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
442 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
443 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
448 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
449 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
456 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
459 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
460 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
461 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
462 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
463 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
464 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
465 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
466 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
467 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
468 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
469 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
470 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
473 ###############################################################################
477 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
478 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
479 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
480 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
482 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
483 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
485 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
486 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
487 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
488 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
489 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
491 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
492 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
493 # cancelled yesterday....
494 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
496 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
497 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
499 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
500 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
501 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
502 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
503 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
504 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
505 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
506 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
507 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
508 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
509 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
510 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
511 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
512 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
513 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
514 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
515 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
516 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
517 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
518 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
519 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
521 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
522 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
523 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
524 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
525 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
526 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
527 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
531 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
532 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
533 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
534 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
542 # See Africa/Abidjan.
546 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
547 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
549 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
550 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
551 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
553 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
554 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
556 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
557 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
558 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
559 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
561 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
562 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
564 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
566 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
567 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
568 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
569 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
570 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
572 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
573 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
574 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
575 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
576 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
577 # changes two days later.
579 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
580 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
581 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
582 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
584 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
585 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
586 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
587 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
589 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
590 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
591 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
592 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
594 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
595 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
596 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
597 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
598 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
599 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
600 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
601 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
602 # and end on 29 March 2009.
604 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
605 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
606 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
607 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
608 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
610 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
611 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
612 # DST the coming summer...
614 # Some sources, in French:
615 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
616 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
619 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
621 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
622 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
623 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
624 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
626 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
627 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
628 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
629 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
630 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
631 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
632 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
633 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
634 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
635 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
638 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
639 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
643 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
645 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
646 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
647 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
649 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
650 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
651 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
653 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
654 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
656 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
657 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
659 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
661 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
664 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
665 # According to this article:
666 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
667 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
668 # the changes occur at midnight:
670 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
671 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
672 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
674 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
675 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
676 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
677 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
679 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
680 # published on the web.
682 # It's also confirmed here:
683 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
684 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
685 # posted in English).
687 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
688 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
690 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
691 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
692 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
695 # One article about it (in French):
696 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
698 # We have some further details posted here:
699 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
701 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
702 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
703 # to many sources, such as
704 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
705 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
709 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
711 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
712 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
713 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
715 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
716 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
717 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
718 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
720 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
721 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
723 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
724 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
725 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
726 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
729 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
732 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
734 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
735 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
736 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
737 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
738 # ...Official links of change in morocco
739 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
740 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
742 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
744 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
745 # is the official publication to look at.
746 # They said that the decision was already taken.
748 # More articles in the press
749 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
750 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
751 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
753 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
754 # They have it written in English here:
755 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
757 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
758 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
759 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
760 # also been like that in the past.
762 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
763 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
764 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
765 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
766 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
767 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
768 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
769 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
770 # except the month of Ramadan.
772 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
774 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
775 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
776 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
777 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
778 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
779 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
781 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
782 # Seen Morocco change again:
783 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
784 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
785 # comme annoncé précédemment."
787 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
788 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
789 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
791 # Google translation, lightly edited:
792 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
793 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
794 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
795 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
796 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
797 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
798 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
799 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
800 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
802 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
803 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
804 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
805 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
806 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
807 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
809 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
810 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
811 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
812 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
814 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
815 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
816 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
817 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
818 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
820 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
821 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
822 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
824 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
825 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
827 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
828 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
829 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
830 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
831 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
833 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05):
834 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules,
835 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
836 # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after
837 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were
838 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
839 # results integrated by hand into the table below.
840 # (let ((islamic-year 1436))
841 # (while (< islamic-year 1460)
842 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
843 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
845 # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
846 # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
848 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
849 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
852 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
853 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
854 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
855 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
856 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
858 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
860 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
861 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
862 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
863 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
864 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
865 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
866 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
867 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
868 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
869 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
870 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
871 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
872 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
873 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
874 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
875 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
876 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
877 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
878 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
879 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
880 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
881 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
882 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
883 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
884 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
885 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
886 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
887 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
888 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
889 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
890 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
891 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
892 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
893 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 -
894 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S
895 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 -
896 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S
897 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 -
898 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
899 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 -
900 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S
901 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 -
902 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S
903 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 -
904 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S
905 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
906 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S
907 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 -
908 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S
909 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S
910 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S
911 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S
912 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
913 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 -
914 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 -
915 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 -
917 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
918 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
919 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
925 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
926 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
927 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
930 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
931 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
932 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
934 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
935 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
940 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
941 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
942 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
943 # merely made it official?
945 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
946 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
948 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
949 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
950 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
951 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
952 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
953 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
954 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
957 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
958 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
960 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
961 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
962 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
963 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
964 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
965 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
966 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
969 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
970 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
971 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
973 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
974 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
975 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
976 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
977 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
978 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
979 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
980 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
981 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
982 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
989 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
990 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
992 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
993 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
994 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
995 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
996 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
997 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
998 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
999 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
1000 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
1003 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1004 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1005 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
1007 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1009 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1010 # The following information about them is taken from
1011 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1012 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1013 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1015 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1016 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1017 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1018 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1019 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1022 # See Africa/Maputo.
1025 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1026 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1027 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1028 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1029 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1030 # on GMT, says the CIA
1031 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1033 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1035 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1038 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1039 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1040 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1041 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1042 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1043 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1044 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1045 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1046 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1049 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1052 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1053 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
1059 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1060 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1061 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1062 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1063 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1064 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1066 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1067 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1069 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1070 # scientific station since 1947
1075 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1076 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1077 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1078 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1079 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1080 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1082 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1083 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1084 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1085 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1086 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1087 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1088 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1089 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1093 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1096 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
1099 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1100 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
1106 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1110 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1111 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1112 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1113 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1114 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1115 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1116 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1117 # Saturday." (My translation)
1119 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1120 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1121 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1122 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1125 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1126 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1127 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1128 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1129 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1131 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1132 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1134 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1135 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1137 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1138 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1139 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1141 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1142 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1144 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1147 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1150 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1152 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1153 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1154 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1155 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1156 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1157 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1159 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1160 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1163 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1165 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1166 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1169 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1170 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1171 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1173 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1174 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1175 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1176 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1177 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1178 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1179 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1180 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1181 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1182 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1183 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1184 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1185 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1186 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1187 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1188 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1189 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1190 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1191 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1192 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1193 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1194 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1195 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1196 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1197 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1198 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1200 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1201 # more precise 0:09:21.
1202 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1203 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1204 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1205 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1210 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
1218 # See Africa/Maputo.
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