share/misc/bsd-family-tree

   1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
   2 ---------------------------------------------
   3
   4 First Edition (V1)
   5      |
   6 Second Edition (V2)
   7      |
   8 Third Edition (V3)
   9      |
  10 Fourth Edition (V4)
  11      |
  12 Fifth Edition (V5)
  13      |
  14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
  15        \                |
  16         \               |
  17          \              |
  18 Seventh Edition (V7)    |
  19             \           |
  20              \        1BSD
  21              32V        |
  22                \      2BSD---------------*
  23                 \    /                   |
  24                  \  /                    |
  25                   \/                     |
  26                  3BSD                    |
  27                   |                      |
  28                4.0BSD                2.79BSD
  29                   |                      |
  30                4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
  31                   |                      |
  32               4.1aBSD -----------\       |
  33                   |                \     |
  34               4.1bBSD                \   |
  35                   |                    \ |
  36       *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
  37      /            |                      |
  38 Eighth Edition    |                   2.9BSD-Seismo
  39      |            |                      |
  40      +----<--- 4.2BSD               2.9.1BSD
  41      |            |                      |
  42      +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
  43      |            |               /      |
  44 Ninth Edition     |              / 2.10.1BSD
  45      |         4.3BSD Tahoe-----+        |
  46      |            |              \       |
  47      |            |                \     |
  48      v            |                  2.11BSD
  49 Tenth Edition     |                      |
  50                   |                  2.11BSD rev #430
  51                4.3BSD NET/1              |
  52                   |                      v
  53                4.3BSD Reno
  54                   |
  55    *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
  56    |                    |                      |             |
  57 386BSD 0.0              |                      |           BSD/386 ALPHA
  58    |                    |                      |             |
  59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+                      |           BSD/386 0.3.[13]
  60    |     \              |                  4.4BSD Alpha      |
  61    |     386BSD 1.0     |                      |           BSD/386 0.9.[34]
  62    |                    |                  4.4BSD            |
  63    |                    |                    / |             |
  64    |                    |   4.4BSD-Encumbered  |             |
  65    |                -NetBSD 0.8                |           BSD/386 1.0
  66    |               /    |                      |             |
  67 FreeBSD 1.0 <-----'  NetBSD 0.9                |           BSD/386 1.1
  68    |                    |           .----- 4.4BSD Lite       |
  69 FreeBSD 1.1             |          /   /       |     \       |
  70    |                    |         /   /        |      \      |
  71 FreeBSD 1.1.5       .---|--------'   /         |       \     |
  72    |               /    |           /          |        \    |
  73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1   /     |          /           |         \   |
  74    |             /   NetBSD 1.0 <-'            |          \  |
  75    |            /       |                      |           \ |
  76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--'        |                      |           BSD/OS 2.0
  77    |                     \                     |             |
  78 FreeBSD 2.0.5             \                    |           BSD/OS 2.0.1
  79    |                 .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2       |
  80    |                 |      \             |  |   |   |       |
  81    |                 | .-----|------Rhapsody |   |   |       |
  82    |                 | |     |        NetBSD 1.3 |   |       |
  83    |                 | |     |           OpenBSD 2.3 |       |
  84    |                 | |     |                BSD/OS 3.0     |
  85 FreeBSD 2.1          | |     |                               |
  86  |   |               | |  NetBSD 1.1 ------.               BSD/OS 2.1
  87  | FreeBSD 2.1.5     | |     |              \                |
  88  |     |             | |  NetBSD 1.2         \             BSD/OS 3.0
  89  | FreeBSD 2.1.6     | |     |  \          OpenBSD 2.0       |
  90  |     |             | |     |   \             |             |
  91  | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1   | |     |    \            |             |
  92  |     |             | |     |     \           |             |
  93  | FreeBSD 2.1.7     | |     |      |          |             |
  94  |     |             | |     |  NetBSD 1.2.1   |             |
  95  | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1   | |     |                 |             |
  96  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  97  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  98  *-FreeBSD 2.2       | |     |                 |             |
  99  |        \          | |     |                 |             |
 100  |     FreeBSD 2.2.1 | |     |                 |             |
 101  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 102  |     FreeBSD 2.2.2 | |     |             OpenBSD 2.1       |
 103  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 104  |     FreeBSD 2.2.5 | |     |                 |             |
 105  |         |         | |     |             OpenBSD 2.2       |
 106  |         |         | |  NetBSD 1.3           |             |
 107  |     FreeBSD 2.2.6 | |     |    |            |             |
 108  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.1    |           BSD/OS 3.1
 109  |         |         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.3       |
 110  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.2    |             |
 111  |     FreeBSD 2.2.7 | |     |    |            |             |
 112  |         |         | |     |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.0
 113  |     FreeBSD 2.2.8 | |     |    |            |             |
 114  |         |         | |     |    |            |             |
 115  |         v         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.4       |
 116  |     FreeBSD 2.2.9 | |     |    |            |             |
 117  |                   | |     |    |            |             |
 118 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* |     |    v            |             |
 119  |                     |     | NetBSD 1.3.3    |             |
 120  *---FreeBSD 3.1       |     |                 |             |
 121  |       |             |     |                 |           BSD/OS 4.0.1
 122  |   FreeBSD 3.2----*  |  NetBSD 1.4       OpenBSD 2.5       |
 123  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 124  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 125  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 126  |   FreeBSD 3.3    |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.1    |             |
 127  |       |          |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.6       |
 128  |   FreeBSD 3.4    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 129  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.1
 130 FreeBSD 4.0  |      |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.2    |             |
 131  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 132  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 133  |   FreeBSD 3.5    |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.7       |
 134  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 135  |   FreeBSD 3.5.1  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 136  |                  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 137  *---FreeBSD 4.1    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 138  |      |           |  | (?) |    |            |             |
 139  |   FreeBSD 4.1.1  |  |  /  |    |            |             |
 140  |      |           |  | /   |    |            |             |
 141  |   FreeBSD 4.2   Darwin/   | NetBSD 1.4.3    |             |
 142  |      |         Mac OS X   |             OpenBSD 2.8     BSD/OS 4.2
 143  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 144  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 145  |      |           10.0  NetBSD 1.5           |             |
 146  |   FreeBSD 4.3      |      |    |            |             |
 147  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 2.9       |
 148  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.5.1    |             |
 149  |      |             |      |    |            |             |
 150  |   FreeBSD 4.4-.    |      | NetBSD 1.5.2    |             |
 151  |      |        | Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 152  |      |        |   10.1    |    |        OpenBSD 3.0       |
 153  |   FreeBSD 4.5 |    |      |    |            |             |
 154  |      |         \   |      |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.3
 155  |   FreeBSD 4.6   \  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.1       |
 156  |      |           \ |      | NetBSD 1.5.3    |             |
 157  |   FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X  |                 |             |
 158  |      |            10.2    |                 |             |
 159  |   FreeBSD 4.7      |      |                 |             |
 160  |      |             |   NetBSD 1.6       OpenBSD 3.2       |
 161  |   FreeBSD 4.8      |      |    |            |             |
 162  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.6.1    |             |
 163  |      |--------.    |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.3     BSD/OS 5.0
 164  |      |         \   |      |    |            |             |
 165  |   FreeBSD 4.9   |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.4     BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
 166  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 167  |      |          |  |      | NetBSD 1.6.2    |
 168  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 169  |      |          |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.5
 170  |      |          |  |      |    v            |
 171  |   FreeBSD 4.10  |  |      |                 |
 172  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 173  |   FreeBSD 4.11  |  |      |                 |
 174  |                 |  |      |                 |
 175  |                  `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
 176  |                    |      |                 |                      \
 177 FreeBSD 5.0           |      |                 |                       |
 178  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 179 FreeBSD 5.1           |      |                 |                DragonFly 1.0
 180  |          \         |      |                 |                       |
 181  |           ----- Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 182  |                   10.3    |                 |                       |
 183 FreeBSD 5.2           |      |                 |                       |
 184  |      |             |      |                 |                       |
 185  |   FreeBSD 5.2.1    |      |                 |                       |
 186  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 187  *-------FreeBSD 5.3  |      |                 |                       |
 188  |           |        |      |             OpenBSD 3.6                 |
 189  |           |        |   NetBSD 2.0           |                       |
 190  |           |        |      | |  |            |               DragonFly 1.2.0
 191  |           |     Mac OS X  | | NetBSD 2.0.2  |                       |
 192  |           |       10.4    | |  |            |                       |
 193  |       FreeBSD 5.4  |      | |  |            |                       |
 194  |           |        |      | |  |        OpenBSD 3.7                 |
 195  |           |        |      | | NetBSD 2.0.3  |                       |
 196  |           |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 197  *--FreeBSD  |        |      | |  v        OpenBSD 3.8                 |
 198  |    6.0    |        |      | |               |                       |
 199  |     |     |        |      |  \              |                       |
 200  |     |     |        |      | NetBSD 2.1      |                       |
 201  |     |     |        |      |                 |                       |
 202  |     |     |        |   NetBSD 3.0           |                       |
 203  |     |     |        |      | |  |            |               DragonFly 1.4.0
 204  |     |     |        |      | |  |        OpenBSD 3.9                 |
 205  |  FreeBSD  |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 206  |    6.1    |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 207  |     |  FreeBSD 5.5 |      | |  |            |                       |
 208  |     |              |      | | NetBSD 3.0.1  |               DragonFly 1.6.0
 209  |     |              |      | |  |            |                       |
 210  |     |              |      | |  |        OpenBSD 4.0                 |
 211  |     |              |      | | NetBSD 3.0.2  |                       |
 212  |     |              |      | NetBSD 3.1      |                       |
 213  | FreeBSD 6.2        |      |                 |                       |
 214  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 1.8.0
 215  |     |              |      |             OpenBSD 4.1                 |
 216  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 1.10.0
 217  |     |           Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 218  |     |             10.5    |                 |                       |
 219  |     |              |      |             OpenBSD 4.2                 |
 220  |     |              |   NetBSD 4.0           |                       |
 221  | FreeBSD 6.3        |      |    |            |                       |
 222  |            \       |      |    |            |                       |
 223  *--FreeBSD    |      |      |    |            |               DragonFly 1.12.0
 224  |    7.0      |      |      |    |            |                       |
 225  |     |       |      |      |    |        OpenBSD 4.3                 |
 226  |     |       |      |      | NetBSD          |               DragonFly 2.0.0
 227  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |  4.0.1      OpenBSD 4.4                 |
 228  |     |      6.4     |      |                 |                       |
 229  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 230  |  FreeBSD 7.1       |      |                 |                       |
 231  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 2.2.0
 232  |  FreeBSD 7.2       |   NetBSD 5.0       OpenBSD 4.5                 |
 233  |             \      |      | |    \          |                       |
 234  |              |  Mac OS X  | |     \         |                       |
 235  |              |    10.6    | |      \        |                       |
 236  |              |     |      | |   NetBSD      |               DragonFly 2.4.0
 237  |              |     |      | |    5.0.1  OpenBSD 4.6                 |
 238  |              |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 239  *--FreeBSD     |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 240  |    8.0       |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 241  |     |     FreeBSD  |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 242  |     |       7.3    |      | |    5.0.2      |               DragonFly 2.6.0
 243  |     |        |     |      | |           OpenBSD 4.7                 |
 244  |  FreeBSD     |     |      | |               |                       |
 245  |    8.1       |     |      | |               |                       |
 246  |     |        |     |      | |               |               DragonFly 2.8.2
 247  |     |        |     |      | |           OpenBSD 4.8                 |
 248  |     |        |     |      | *--NetBSD       |                       |
 249  |  FreeBSD  FreeBSD  |      | |    5.1        |                       |
 250  |    8.2      7.4    |      | |      |        |               DragonFly 2.10.1
 251  |     |              |      | |      |    OpenBSD 4.9                 |
 252  |     `-----.     Mac OS X  | |      |        |                       |
 253  |            \      10.7    | |      |        |                       |
 254  |             |      |      | |      |    OpenBSD 5.0                 |
 255  *--FreeBSD    |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 256  |    9.0      |      |      | |   NetBSD      |               DragonFly 3.0.1
 257  |     |    FreeBSD   |      | |    5.1.2      |                       |
 258  |     |      8.3     |      | |      |        |                       |
 259  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 260  |     |       |      |      | |    5.1.3      |                       |
 261  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 262  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 263  |     |       |      |      | |    5.1.4      |                       |
 264  |     |       |      |      | |           OpenBSD 5.1                 |
 265  |     |       |   Mac OS X  | `----.          |                       |
 266  |     |       |     10.8    |       \         |                       |
 267  |     |       |      |   NetBSD 6.0  |        |                       |
 268  |     |       |      |      | | |    |    OpenBSD 5.2         DragonFly 3.2.1
 269  |  FreeBSD    |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 270  |    9.1      |      |      | | |   5.2       |                       |
 271  |     |       |      |      | | |    |        |                       |
 272  |     |       |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 273  |     |       |      |      | | |  5.2.1      |                       |
 274  |     |       |      |      | | |    |        |                       |
 275  |     |       |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 276  |     |       |      |      | | |  5.2.2      |                       |
 277  |     |       |      |      | | |             |                       |
 278  |     |       |      |      | |  \            |                       |
 279  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 280  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.1      |                       |
 281  |     |       |      |      | |      |   OpenBSD 5.3          DragonFly 3.4.1
 282  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 283  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.2      |                       |
 284  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 285  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 286  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.3      |                       |
 287  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 288  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 289  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.4      |                       |
 290  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 291  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 292  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.5      |                       |
 293  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 294  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 295  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.6      |                       |
 296  |     |       |      |      | |               |                       |
 297  |     |       |      |      | |`-NetBSD 6.1   |                       |
 298  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |       |         |                       |
 299  |     |      8.4     |      |    NetBSD 6.1.1 |                       |
 300  |     |              |      |       |         |                       |
 301  |  FreeBSD           |      |    NetBSD 6.1.2 |                       |
 302  |    9.2          Mac OS X  |       |         |                       |
 303  |     |             10.9    |       |    OpenBSD 5.4                  |
 304  |     `-----.        |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.0
 305  |            \       |      |       |         |                       |
 306  *--FreeBSD    |      |      |    NetBSD 6.1.3 |                       |
 307  |   10.0      |      |      |       |         |                       |
 308  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.1
 309  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 310  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 311  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.2
 312  |     |       |      |      |    NetBSD 6.1.4 |                       |
 313  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 314  |     |       |      |      |       |    OpenBSD 5.5                  |
 315  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 316  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.8.0
 317  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 318  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 319  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.8.1
 320  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 321  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 322  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.3
 323  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 324  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |       |         |                       |
 325  |     |      9.3     |      |       |         |                       |
 326  |     |              |      |    NetBSD 6.1.5 |               DragonFly 3.8.2
 327  |     |           Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 328  |     |             10.10   |                 |                       |
 329  |     |              |      |            OpenBSD 5.6                  |
 330  |  FreeBSD           |      |                 |                       |
 331  |   10.1             |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.1
 332  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 333  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.2
 334  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 335  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.3
 336  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 337  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.4
 338  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 339  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.5
 340  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 341  |     |              |      |            OpenBSD 5.7                  |
 342  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.2.0
 343  |  FreeBSD           |      |                 |                       |
 344  |   10.2             |      |                 |                       |
 345  |     |            macOS  NetBSD 7.0          |                       |
 346  |     |            10.11   | | |         OpenBSD 5.8                  |
 347  |     |              |     | | `--.           |               DragonFly 4.4.1
 348  |  FreeBSD           |     | |    |      OpenBSD 5.9                  |
 349  |   10.3             |     | |    |           |                       |
 350  |     |              |     | | NetBSD 7.0.1   |                       |
 351  |     `------.       |     | |    |           |               DragonFly 4.6.0
 352  |            |       |     | |    |           |                       |
 353  |            |       |     | |    |           |                       |
 354  *--FreeBSD   |     macOS   | |    |      OpenBSD 6.0                  |
 355  |   11.0     |     10.12   | | NetBSD 7.0.2   |                       |
 356  |     |      |       |     | |                |                       |
 357  |     |      |       |     | *- NetBSD 7.1    |                       |
 358  |     |      |       |     |      |           |                       |
 359  |     |      |       |     |      |           |                       |
 360  |     |      |     macOS   |      |           |               DragonFly 4.8.0
 361  |     |      |     10.13   |      |      OpenBSD 6.1                  |
 362  |  FreeBSD   |       |     |      |           |               DragonFly 5.0.0
 363  |   11.1  FreeBSD    |     |      |           |                       |
 364  |     |    10.4      |     |      |      OpenBSD 6.2          DragonFly 5.0.1
 365  |     |              |     |      |           |                       |
 366  |     `------.       |     |  NetBSD 7.1.1    |               DragonFly 5.0.2
 367  |            |       |     |      |           |                       |
 368  |            |       |     |  NetBSD 7.1.2    |                       |
 369  |            |       |     |      |           |                       |
 370  |            |       |     |      |      OpenBSD 6.3                  |
 371  |            |       |  NetBSD    |           |               DragonFly 5.2.0
 372  |            |       |    8.0     |           |                       |
 373  |            |       |     |      |           |               DragonFly 5.2.1
 374  |            |       |     |      |           |                       |
 375  |            |       |     |      |           |               DragonFly 5.2.2
 376  |         FreeBSD    |     |  NetBSD 7.2      |                       |
 377  |           11.2   macOS   |      |           |                       |
 378  |                  10.14   |      |      OpenBSD 6.4                  |
 379  |                    |     |      |           |               DragonFly 5.4.0
 380  *--FreeBSD           |     |      v           |                       |
 381  |   12.0             |     |                  |               DragonFly 5.4.1
 382  |                    |     |             OpenBSD 6.5                  |
 383  |                    |     |                  |                       |
 384 FreeBSD 13 -current   | NetBSD -current   OpenBSD -current    DragonFly -current
 385  |                    |     |                  |                       |
 386  v                    v     v                  v                       v
 387
 388 Time
 389 ----------------
 390
 391 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
 392 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
 393
 394 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
 395         and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
 396         the 4.4BSD Operating System.
 397 [APL] Apple website [https://www.apple.com/macosx/]
 398 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
 399 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
 400 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
 401 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
 402 [KB]  Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
 403         Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
 404 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
 405         comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
 406 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
 407         Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
 408         Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
 409 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
 410 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
 411 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
 412 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
 413 [TUHS] The Unix Historical Society.  http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/.
 414 [USE] Usenet announcement.
 415 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
 416 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
 417
 418 Multics                 1965
 419 UNIX                    Summer 1969
 420                                 DEC PDP-7
 421 First   Edition         1971-11-03 [QCU]
 422                                 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
 423 Second  Edition         1972-06-12 [QCU]
 424                                 10 UNIX installations
 425 Third   Edition         1973-02-xx [QCU]
 426                                 Pipes, 16 installations
 427 Fourth  Edition         1973-11-xx [QCU]
 428                                 rewriting in C effected,
 429                                 above 30 installations
 430 Fifth   Edition         1974-06-xx [QCU]
 431                                 above 50 installations
 432 Sixth   Edition         1975-05-xx [QCU]
 433                                 port to DEC Vax
 434 Seventh Edition         1979-01-xx [QCU] 1979-01-10 [TUHS]
 435                                 first portable UNIX
 436 Eighth  Edition         1985-02-xx [QCU]
 437                                 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
 438                                 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
 439                                 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
 440                         scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
 441                         and networking part by the streams mechanism
 442
 443 Ninth   Edition         1986-09-xx [QCU]
 444 Tenth   Edition         1989-10-xx [QCU]
 445
 446 1BSD                    late 1977
 447                         1978-03-09 [QCU]
 448                                 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
 449                                 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
 450                                 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
 451 2BSD                    mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS]
 452                                 75 2BSD tapes shipped
 453 2.79BSD                 1980-04-xx [TUHS]
 454 2.8BSD                  1981-07-xx [KSJ]
 455
 456 2.8.1BSD                1982-01-xx [QCU]
 457                                 set of performance improvements
 458 2.9BSD                  1983-07-xx [KSJ]
 459 2.9.1BSD                1983-11-xx [TUHS]
 460 2.9BSD-Seismo           1985-08-xx [SMS]
 461 2.10BSD                 1987-04-xx [KKK]
 462 2.10.1BSD               1989-01-xx [SMS]
 463 2.11BSD                 1992-02-xx [SMS]
 464 2.11BSD rev #430        1999-12-13 [SMS]
 465
 466 32V                     1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 1979-03-26 [TUHS]
 467 3BSD                    late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS]
 468                                 virtual memory, page replacement,
 469                                 demand paging
 470 4.0BSD                  1980-10-xx
 471 4.1BSD                  1981-07-08 [DOC]
 472 4.1aBSD                 1982-04-xx
 473                                 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
 474 4.1bBSD                         internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
 475 4.1cBSD                 late 1982
 476                                 beta release, IPC [44B]
 477 4.2BSD                  1983-09-xx [QCU]
 478                         1983-08-03 [DOC]
 479 4.3BSD                  1986-06-xx [QCU]
 480                         1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
 481 4.3BSD Tahoe            1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
 482 4.3BSD NET/1            1988-11-xx [QCU]
 483                         1989-01-01 [DOC]
 484 4.3BSD Reno             1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
 485 4.3BSD NET/2            1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
 486
 487 BSD/386 ALPHA           1991-12-xx [BSDI]
 488                                 first code released to people outside BSDI
 489 386BSD 0.0              1992-02-xx [DOC]
 490 BSD/386 0.3.1           1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
 491 BSD/386 0.3.3           1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
 492 386BSD 0.1              1992-07-28 [DOC]
 493 4.4BSD Alpha            1992-07-07
 494 BSD/386 0.9.3           1992-10-xx [BSDI]
 495                                 first external gamma; G customers
 496 BSD/386 0.9.4           1992-12-xx [BSDI]
 497                                 would have been 1.0 except for request
 498                                 for preliminary injunction
 499 BSD/386 1.0             1993-03-xx [BSDI]
 500                                 injunction denied; first official release
 501 NetBSD 0.8              1993-04-20 [NBD]
 502 4.4BSD                  1993-06-01 [USE]
 503 NetBSD 0.9              1993-08-23 [NBD]
 504 FreeBSD 1.0             1993-11-01 [FBD]
 505 FreeBSD 1.0.2           1993-11-14 [FBD]
 506                                 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release.
 507 BSD/386 1.1             1994-02-xx [BSDI]
 508 4.4BSD Lite             1994-03-01 [USE]
 509 FreeBSD 1.1             1994-05-07 [FBD]
 510 FreeBSD 1.1.5           1994-06-30 [FBD]
 511 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1         1994-07-05 [FBD]
 512                                 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
 513 NetBSD 1.0              1994-10-26 [NBD]
 514 386BSD 1.0              1994-11-12 [USE]
 515 FreeBSD 2.0             1994-11-23 [FBD]
 516 BSD/OS 2.0              1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
 517 FreeBSD 2.0.5           1995-06-10 [FBD]
 518 BSD/OS 2.0.1            1995-06-xx [BSDI]
 519 4.4BSD Lite Release 2   1995-06-xx [44B]
 520                                 the true final distribution from the CSRG
 521 FreeBSD 2.1.0           1995-11-19 [FBD]
 522 NetBSD 1.1              1995-11-26 [NBD]
 523 BSD/OS 2.1              1996-01-xx [BSDI]
 524 FreeBSD 2.1.5           1996-07-14 [FBD]
 525 NetBSD 1.2              1996-10-04 [NBD]
 526 OpenBSD 2.0             1996-10-18 [OBD]
 527 FreeBSD 2.1.6           1996-11-16 [FBD]
 528 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1         1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
 529 Rhapsody                1997-xx-xx
 530 FreeBSD 2.1.7           1997-02-20 [FBD]
 531 BSD/OS 3.0              1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
 532 FreeBSD 2.2.0           1997-03-16 [FBD]
 533 FreeBSD 2.2.1           1997-03-25 [FBD]
 534 FreeBSD 2.2.2           1997-05-16 [FBD]
 535 NetBSD 1.2.1            1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
 536 OpenBSD 2.1             1997-06-01 [OBD]
 537 FreeBSD 2.2.5           1997-10-22 [FBD]
 538 OpenBSD 2.2             1997-12-01 [OBD]
 539 NetBSD 1.3              1998-01-04 [NBD]
 540 FreeBSD 2.2.6           1998-03-25 [FBD]
 541 NetBSD 1.3.1            1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
 542 BSD/OS 3.1              1998-03-xx [BSDI]
 543 OpenBSD 2.3             1998-05-19 [OBD]
 544 NetBSD 1.3.2            1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
 545 FreeBSD 2.2.7           1998-07-22 [FBD]
 546 BSD/OS 4.0              1998-08-xx [BSDI]
 547                                 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
 548 FreeBSD 3.0             1998-10-16 [FBD]
 549                                 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
 550                                 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
 551                                 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
 552 FreeBSD 2.2.8           1998-11-29 [FBD]
 553 OpenBSD 2.4             1998-12-01 [OBD]
 554 NetBSD 1.3.3            1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
 555 FreeBSD 3.1             1999-02-15 [FBD]
 556 BSD/OS 4.0.1            1999-03-xx [BSDI]
 557 NetBSD 1.4              1999-05-12 [NBD]
 558 FreeBSD 3.2             1999-05-17 [FBD]
 559 OpenBSD 2.5             1999-05-19 [OBD]
 560 NetBSD 1.4.1            1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
 561 FreeBSD 3.3             1999-09-17 [FBD]
 562 OpenBSD 2.6             1999-12-01 [OBD]
 563 FreeBSD 3.4             1999-12-20 [FBD]
 564 BSD/OS 4.1              1999-12-xx [BSDI]
 565 FreeBSD 4.0             2000-03-13 [FBD]
 566 NetBSD 1.4.2            2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
 567 OpenBSD 2.7             2000-06-15 [OBD]
 568 FreeBSD 3.5             2000-06-24 [FBD]
 569 FreeBSD 4.1             2000-07-27 [FBD]
 570 FreeBSD 3.5.1           2000-07-28 [FBD]
 571 FreeBSD 4.1.1           2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
 572 FreeBSD 4.2             2000-11-21 [FBD]
 573 NetBSD 1.4.3            2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
 574 BSD/OS 4.2              2000-11-29 [BSDI]
 575 OpenBSD 2.8             2000-12-01 [OBD]
 576 NetBSD 1.5              2000-12-06 [NBD]
 577 Mac OS X 10.0           2001-03-24 [APL]
 578 FreeBSD 4.3             2001-04-20 [FBD]
 579 OpenBSD 2.9             2001-06-01 [OBD]
 580 NetBSD 1.5.1            2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
 581 NetBSD 1.5.2            2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
 582 FreeBSD 4.4             2001-09-18 [FBD]
 583 Mac OS X 10.1           2001-09-29 [APL]
 584 OpenBSD 3.0             2001-12-01 [OBD]
 585 FreeBSD 4.5             2002-01-29 [FBD]
 586 BSD/OS 4.3              2002-03-14 [WRS]
 587 OpenBSD 3.1             2002-05-19 [OBD]
 588 FreeBSD 4.6             2002-06-15 [FBD]
 589 NetBSD 1.5.3            2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
 590 FreeBSD 4.6.2           2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
 591 Mac OS X 10.2           2002-08-23 [APL]
 592 NetBSD 1.6              2002-09-14 [NBD]
 593 FreeBSD 4.7             2002-10-08 [FBD]
 594 OpenBSD 3.2             2002-11-01 [OBD]
 595 FreeBSD 5.0             2003-01-17 [FBD]
 596                                 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
 597                                 -current, similar to 3.0.
 598 FreeBSD 4.8             2003-04-03 [FBD]
 599 NetBSD 1.6.1            2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
 600 OpenBSD 3.3             2003-05-01 [OBD]
 601 BSD/OS 5.0              2003-05-?? [WRS]
 602 FreeBSD 5.1             2003-06-09 [FBD]
 603 Mac OS X 10.3           2003-10-24 [APL]
 604 FreeBSD 4.9             2003-10-28 [FBD]
 605 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE          2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
 606 OpenBSD 3.4             2003-11-01 [OBD]
 607 FreeBSD 5.2             2004-01-12 [FBD]
 608 FreeBSD 5.2.1           2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
 609 NetBSD 1.6.2            2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
 610 OpenBSD 3.5             2004-04-01 [OBD]
 611 FreeBSD 4.10            2004-05-27 [FBD]
 612 DragonFly 1.0           2004-07-12 [DFB]
 613 OpenBSD 3.6             2004-10-29 [OBD]
 614 FreeBSD 5.3             2004-11-06 [FBD]
 615 NetBSD 2.0              2004-12-09 [NBD]
 616 FreeBSD 4.11            2005-01-25 [FBD]
 617 DragonFly 1.2.0         2005-04-08 [DFB]
 618 NetBSD 2.0.2            2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 619 Mac OS X 10.4           2005-04-29 [APL]
 620 FreeBSD 5.4             2005-05-09 [FBD]
 621 OpenBSD 3.7             2005-05-19 [OBD]
 622 NetBSD 2.0.3            2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 623 OpenBSD 3.8             2005-11-01 [OBD]
 624 FreeBSD 6.0             2005-11-01 [FBD]
 625 NetBSD 2.1              2005-11-02 [NBD]
 626 NetBSD 3.0              2005-12-23 [NBD]
 627 DragonFly 1.4.0         2006-01-08 [DFB]
 628 FreeBSD 2.2.9           2006-04-01 [FBD]
 629 OpenBSD 3.9             2006-05-01 [OBD]
 630 FreeBSD 6.1             2006-05-08 [FBD]
 631 FreeBSD 5.5             2006-05-25 [FBD]
 632 NetBSD 3.0.1            2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 633 DragonFly 1.6.0         2006-07-24 [DFB]
 634 OpenBSD 4.0             2006-11-01 [OBD]
 635 NetBSD 3.0.2            2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 636 NetBSD 3.1              2006-11-04 [NBD]
 637 FreeBSD 6.2             2007-01-15 [FBD]
 638 DragonFly 1.8.0         2007-01-30 [DFB]
 639 OpenBSD 4.1             2007-05-01 [OBD]
 640 DragonFly 1.10.0        2007-08-06 [DFB]
 641 Mac OS X 10.5           2007-10-26 [APL]
 642 OpenBSD 4.2             2007-11-01 [OBD]
 643 NetBSD 4.0              2007-12-19 [NBD]
 644 FreeBSD 6.3             2008-01-18 [FBD]
 645 DragonFly 1.12.0        2008-02-26 [DFB]
 646 FreeBSD 7.0             2008-02-27 [FBD]
 647 OpenBSD 4.3             2008-05-01 [OBD]
 648 DragonFly 2.0.0         2008-07-21 [DFB]
 649 OpenBSD 4.4             2008-11-01 [OBD]
 650 FreeBSD 6.4             2008-11-28 [FBD]
 651 FreeBSD 7.1             2009-01-04 [FBD]
 652 DragonFly 2.2.0         2009-02-17 [DFB]
 653 NetBSD 5.0              2009-04-29 [NBD]
 654 OpenBSD 4.5             2009-05-01 [OBD]
 655 FreeBSD 7.2             2009-05-04 [FBD]
 656 Mac OS X 10.6           2009-06-08 [APL]
 657 NetBSD 5.0.1            2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 658 DragonFly 2.4.0         2009-09-16 [DFB]
 659 OpenBSD 4.6             2009-10-18 [OBD]
 660 FreeBSD 8.0             2009-11-26 [FBD]
 661 NetBSD 5.0.2            2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 662 FreeBSD 7.3             2010-03-23 [FBD]
 663 DragonFly 2.6.0         2010-03-28 [DFB]
 664 OpenBSD 4.7             2010-05-19 [OBD]
 665 FreeBSD 8.1             2010-07-24 [FBD]
 666 DragonFly 2.8.2         2010-10-30 [DFB]
 667 OpenBSD 4.8             2010-11-01 [OBD]
 668 NetBSD 5.1              2010-11-19 [NBD]
 669 FreeBSD 7.4             2011-02-24 [FBD]
 670 FreeBSD 8.2             2011-02-24 [FBD]
 671 DragonFly 2.10.1        2011-04-26 [DFB]
 672 OpenBSD 4.9             2011-05-01 [OBD]
 673 Mac OS X 10.7           2011-07-20 [APL]
 674 OpenBSD 5.0             2011-11-01 [OBD]
 675 FreeBSD 9.0             2012-01-12 [FBD]
 676 NetBSD 5.1.2            2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 677 DragonFly 3.0.1         2012-02-21 [DFB]
 678 FreeBSD 8.3             2012-04-18 [FBD]
 679 OpenBSD 5.1             2012-05-01 [OBD]
 680 Mac OS X 10.8           2012-07-25 [APL]
 681 NetBSD 6.0              2012-10-17 [NBD]
 682 OpenBSD 5.2             2012-11-01 [OBD]
 683 DragonFly 3.2.1         2012-11-02 [DFB]
 684 NetBSD 5.2              2012-12-03 [NBD]
 685 NetBSD 6.0.1            2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 686 FreeBSD 9.1             2012-12-30 [FBD]
 687 DragonFly 3.4.1         2013-04-29 [DFB]
 688 OpenBSD 5.3             2013-05-01 [OBD]
 689 NetBSD 6.0.2            2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 690 NetBSD 6.1              2013-05-18 [NBD]
 691 FreeBSD 8.4             2013-06-07 [FBD]
 692 NetBSD 6.1.1            2013-08-22 [NBD]
 693 NetBSD 5.1.3            2013-09-29 [NBD]
 694 NetBSD 5.2.1            2013-09-29 [NBD]
 695 FreeBSD 9.2             2013-09-30 [FBD]
 696 NetBSD 6.0.3            2013-09-30 [NBD]
 697 NetBSD 6.1.2            2013-09-30 [NBD]
 698 Mac OS X 10.9           2013-10-22 [APL]
 699 OpenBSD 5.4             2013-11-01 [OBD]
 700 DragonFly 3.6.0         2013-11-25 [DFB]
 701 FreeBSD 10.0            2014-01-20 [FBD]
 702 NetBSD 5.1.4            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 703 NetBSD 5.2.2            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 704 NetBSD 6.0.4            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 705 NetBSD 6.1.3            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 706 DragonFly 3.6.1         2014-02-22 [DFB]
 707 DragonFly 3.6.2         2014-04-10 [DFB]
 708 NetBSD 6.0.5            2014-04-12 [NBD]
 709 NetBSD 6.1.4            2014-04-12 [NBD]
 710 OpenBSD 5.5             2014-05-01 [OBD]
 711 DragonFly 3.8.0         2014-06-04 [DFB]
 712 DragonFly 3.8.1         2014-06-16 [DFB]
 713 DragonFly 3.6.3         2014-06-17 [DFB]
 714 FreeBSD 9.3             2014-07-05 [FBD]
 715 DragonFly 3.8.2         2014-08-08 [DFB]
 716 NetBSD 6.0.6            2014-09-22 [NBD]
 717 NetBSD 6.1.5            2014-09-22 [NBD]
 718 Mac OS X 10.10          2014-10-16 [APL]
 719 OpenBSD 5.6             2014-11-01 [OBD]
 720 FreeBSD 10.1            2014-11-14 [FBD]
 721 DragonFly 4.0.1         2014-11-25 [DFB]
 722 DragonFly 4.0.2         2015-01-07 [DFB]
 723 DragonFly 4.0.3         2015-01-21 [DFB]
 724 DragonFly 4.0.4         2015-03-09 [DFB]
 725 DragonFly 4.0.5         2015-03-23 [DFB]
 726 OpenBSD 5.7             2015-05-01 [OBD]
 727 DragonFly 4.2.0         2015-06-29 [DFB]
 728 FreeBSD 10.2            2015-08-13 [FBD]
 729 NetBSD 7.0              2015-09-25 [NBD]
 730 OS X 10.11              2015-09-30 [APL]
 731 OpenBSD 5.8             2015-10-18 [OBD]
 732 DragonFly 4.4.1         2015-12-07 [DFB]
 733 OpenBSD 5.9             2016-03-29 [OBD]
 734 FreeBSD 10.3            2016-04-04 [FBD]
 735 NetBSD 7.0.1            2016-05-22 [NBD]
 736 DragonFly 4.6.0         2016-08-02 [DFB]
 737 OpenBSD 6.0             2016-09-01 [OBD]
 738 macOS 10.12             2016-09-20 [APL]
 739 FreeBSD 11.0            2016-10-10 [FBD]
 740 NetBSD 7.0.2            2016-10-21 [NBD]
 741 NetBSD 7.1              2017-03-11 [NBD]
 742 DragonFly 4.8.0         2017-03-27 [DFB]
 743 OpenBSD 6.1             2017-04-11 [OBD]
 744 FreeBSD 11.1            2017-07-26 [FBD]
 745 macOS 10.13             2017-09-25 [APL]
 746 FreeBSD 10.4            2017-10-03 [FBD]
 747 OpenBSD 6.2             2017-10-09 [OBD]
 748 DragonFly 5.0.0         2017-10-16 [DFB]
 749 DragonFly 5.0.1         2017-11-06 [DFB]
 750 DragonFly 5.0.2         2017-12-04 [DFB]
 751 NetBSD 7.1.1            2017-12-22 [NBD]
 752 NetBSD 7.1.2            2018-03-15 [NBD]
 753 OpenBSD 6.3             2018-04-02 [OBD]
 754 DragonFly 5.2.0         2018-04-10 [DFB]
 755 DragonFly 5.2.1         2018-05-20 [DFB]
 756 DragonFly 5.2.2         2018-06-18 [DFB]
 757 FreeBSD 11.2            2018-06-27 [FBD]
 758 NetBSD 8.0              2018-07-17 [NBD]
 759 NetBSD 7.2              2018-08-29 [NBD]
 760 macOS 10.14             2018-09-24 [APL]
 761 OpenBSD 6.4             2018-10-18 [OBD]
 762 DragonFly 5.4.0         2018-12-03 [DFB]
 763 FreeBSD 12.0            2018-12-11 [FBD]
 764 DragonFly 5.4.1         2018-12-24 [DFB]
 765 OpenBSD 6.5     2019-05-01 [OBD]
 766
 767 Bibliography
 768 ------------------------
 769
 770 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
 771 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
 772 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
 773
 774 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
 775 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
 776
 777 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
 778 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
 779 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
 780
 781 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
 782 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
 783 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
 784
 785 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The
 786 Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition.
 787 Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2
 788
 789 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
 790
 791 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
 792 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
 793 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
 794
 795 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
 796 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
 797
 798 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
 799 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
 800
 801 BSD Release Announcements collection.
 802 URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/
 803
 804 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
 805 URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
 806
 807 UNIX history graphing project
 808 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
 809
 810 UNIX history
 811 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
 812
 813 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
 814 URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
 815 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
 816
 817
 818 Acknowledgments
 819 ---------------
 820
 821 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
 822 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
 823
 824 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
 825
 826 --
 827 Copyright (c) 1997-2012 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
 828 URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
 829
 830 $FreeBSD: head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 347886 2019-05-16 18:54:20Z roberto $