1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
2 ---------------------------------------------
14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
18 Seventh Edition (V7) |
22 \ 2BSD---------------*
30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
32 4.1aBSD -----------\ |
36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ |
73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ |
74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1
87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | |
107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | |
144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
149 | | | Mac OS X | | | |
150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | v
155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | |
165 FreeBSD 5.0-current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current
172 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
173 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
175 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
176 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
177 the 4.4BSD Operating System.
178 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
179 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
180 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
181 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
182 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
183 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
184 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
185 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
186 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
187 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
188 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
189 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
190 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
191 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
192 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
193 [USE] Usenet announcement.
194 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
195 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
200 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU]
201 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
202 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU]
203 10 UNIX installations
204 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU]
205 Pipes, 16 installations
206 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU]
207 rewriting in C effected,
208 above 30 installations
209 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU]
210 above 50 installations
211 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU]
213 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU]
215 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
216 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
217 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
218 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
219 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
220 and networking part by the streams mechanism
222 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
223 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
227 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
228 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
229 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
231 75 2BSD tapes shipped
233 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ]
235 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU]
236 set of performance improvements
237 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
239 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
240 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
241 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
242 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS]
243 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
245 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
247 virtual memory, page replacement,
250 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
252 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
253 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
255 beta release, IPC [44B]
256 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
258 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU]
259 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
260 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
261 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
263 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
264 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
266 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI]
267 first code released to people outside BSDI
268 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
269 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
270 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
271 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
272 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
273 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI]
274 first external gamma; G customers
275 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI]
276 would have been 1.0 except for request
277 for preliminary injunction
278 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI]
279 injunction denied; first official release
280 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
281 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
282 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
283 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
284 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
285 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
286 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD]
287 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD]
288 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release.
289 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
290 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
291 FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD]
292 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
293 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
294 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
295 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B]
296 the true final distribution from the CSRG
297 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
298 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
299 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
300 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
301 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
302 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
303 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
304 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
306 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
307 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
308 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
309 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
310 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
311 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
312 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
313 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
314 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
315 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
316 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
317 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
318 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
319 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
320 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
321 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
322 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI]
323 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
324 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD]
325 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
326 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
327 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
328 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
329 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
330 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
331 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
332 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
333 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
334 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
335 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
336 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
337 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
338 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
339 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
340 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
341 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
342 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
343 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
344 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
345 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
346 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
347 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
348 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
349 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
350 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
351 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
352 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
353 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
354 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
355 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
356 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
357 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
358 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
359 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
360 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
361 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
362 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
363 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
364 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
365 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
366 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
367 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
368 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
369 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
370 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
371 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD]
372 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
373 -current, similar to 3.0.
374 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
378 ------------------------
380 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
381 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
382 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
384 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
385 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
387 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
388 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
389 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
391 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
393 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
394 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
395 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
397 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
398 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable)
400 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
401 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
403 BSD Release Announcements collection.
404 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
406 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
407 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
409 UNIX history graphing project
410 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
413 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
415 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
416 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
417 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
423 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
424 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
426 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
429 Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
430 URL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
432 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.21.2.14 2003/04/07 05:22:13 murray Exp $
433 $DragonFly: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:37:01 dillon Exp $