1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
2 ---------------------------------------------
14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
18 Seventh Edition (V7) |
22 \ 2BSD---------------*
30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
32 4.1aBSD -----------\ |
36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ |
73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ |
74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1
87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | |
107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | |
144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
149 | | | Mac OS X | | | |
150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | |
155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | |
157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | |
158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 |
159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | |
160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | |
161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0
163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 |
167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5
169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | |
171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | |
173 | `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0
179 | ----- Mac OS X | | |
183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | |
185 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | |
186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 |
188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0
189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | |
191 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | |
192 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 |
193 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | |
195 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 |
198 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | |
200 | | | | NetBSD 3.0 | |
201 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0
202 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 |
203 | FreeBSD | | | | | | |
205 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | |
206 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0
208 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 |
209 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | |
210 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | |
211 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | |
212 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0
213 | | | | OpenBSD 4.1 |
214 | | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0
217 | | | | OpenBSD 4.2 |
219 | FreeBSD 6.3 | | | |
221 *--FreeBSD | | | | DragonFly 1.12.0
223 | | | | | OpenBSD 4.3 |
224 | | | | | | DragonFly 2.0.0
225 | | FreeBSD | | OpenBSD 4.4 |
228 | FreeBSD 7.1 | | | |
229 | | | | | DragonFly 2.2.0
230 | FreeBSD 7.2 | NetBSD 5.0 OpenBSD 4.5 |
234 FreeBSD 8 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current |
241 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
242 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
244 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
245 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
246 the 4.4BSD Operating System.
247 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
248 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
249 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
250 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
251 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
252 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
253 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
254 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
255 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
256 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
257 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
258 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
259 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
260 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
261 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
262 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
263 [USE] Usenet announcement.
264 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
265 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
270 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU]
271 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
272 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU]
273 10 UNIX installations
274 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU]
275 Pipes, 16 installations
276 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU]
277 rewriting in C effected,
278 above 30 installations
279 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU]
280 above 50 installations
281 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU]
283 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU]
285 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
286 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
287 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
288 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
289 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
290 and networking part by the streams mechanism
292 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
293 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
297 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
298 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
299 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
301 75 2BSD tapes shipped
303 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ]
305 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU]
306 set of performance improvements
307 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
309 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
310 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
311 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
312 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS]
313 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
315 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
317 virtual memory, page replacement,
320 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
322 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
323 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
325 beta release, IPC [44B]
326 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
328 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU]
329 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
330 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
331 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
333 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
334 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
336 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI]
337 first code released to people outside BSDI
338 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
339 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
340 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
341 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
342 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
343 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI]
344 first external gamma; G customers
345 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI]
346 would have been 1.0 except for request
347 for preliminary injunction
348 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI]
349 injunction denied; first official release
350 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
351 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
352 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
353 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
354 FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD]
355 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release.
356 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
357 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
358 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD]
359 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD]
360 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD]
361 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
362 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
363 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
364 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD]
365 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
366 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
367 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
368 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B]
369 the true final distribution from the CSRG
370 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
371 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
372 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
373 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
374 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
375 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
376 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
377 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
379 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
380 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
381 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
382 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
383 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
384 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
385 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
386 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
387 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
388 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
389 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
390 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
391 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
392 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
393 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
394 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
395 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI]
396 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
397 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD]
398 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
399 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
400 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
401 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
402 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
403 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
404 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
405 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
406 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
407 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
408 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
409 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
410 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
411 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
412 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
413 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
414 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
415 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
416 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
417 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
418 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
419 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
420 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
421 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
422 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
423 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
424 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
425 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
426 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
427 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
428 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
429 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
430 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
431 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
432 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
433 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
434 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
435 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
436 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
437 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
438 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
439 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
440 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
441 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
442 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
443 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
444 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD]
445 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
446 -current, similar to 3.0.
447 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
448 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
449 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD]
450 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS]
451 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD]
452 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL]
453 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD]
454 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
455 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD]
456 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD]
457 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
458 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
459 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD]
460 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD]
461 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB]
462 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD]
463 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD]
464 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD]
465 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD]
466 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB]
467 NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
468 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL]
469 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD]
470 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD]
471 NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
472 OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD]
473 FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD]
474 NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD]
475 NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD]
476 DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB]
477 OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD]
478 FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD]
479 FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD]
480 NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release)
481 DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB]
482 OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD]
483 NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release)
484 NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD]
485 FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD]
486 DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB]
487 OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD]
488 DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB]
489 Mac OS X 10.5 2007-10-26 [APL]
490 OpenBSD 4.2 2007-11-01 [OBD]
491 NetBSD 4.0 2007-12-19 [NBD]
492 FreeBSD 6.3 2008-01-18 [FBD]
493 DragonFly 1.12.0 2008-02-26 [DFB]
494 FreeBSD 7.0 2008-02-27 [FBD]
495 OpenBSD 4.3 2008-05-01 [OBD]
496 DragonFly 2.0.0 2008-07-21 [DFB]
497 OpenBSD 4.4 2008-11-01 [OBD]
498 FreeBSD 6.4 2008-11-28 [FBD]
499 FreeBSD 7.1 2009-01-04 [FBD]
500 DragonFly 2.2.0 2009-02-17 [DFB]
501 NetBSD 5.0 2009-04-29 [NBD]
502 OpenBSD 4.5 2009-05-01 [OBD]
503 FreeBSD 7.2 2009-05-04 [FBD]
506 ------------------------
508 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
509 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
510 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
512 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
513 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
515 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
516 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
517 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
519 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
520 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
521 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
523 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
525 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
526 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
527 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
529 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
530 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
532 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
533 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
535 BSD Release Announcements collection.
536 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
538 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
539 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
541 UNIX history graphing project
542 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
545 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
547 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
548 URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
549 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
555 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
556 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
558 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
561 Copyright (c) 1997-2007 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
562 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
564 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.129 2009/05/05 20:54:26 maxim Exp $