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132 .\" ========================================================================
135 .TH RSAUTL 1 "2009-04-11" "0.9.8k" "OpenSSL"
136 .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
137 .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
141 rsautl \- RSA utility
143 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
144 \&\fBopenssl\fR \fBrsautl\fR
160 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
161 The \fBrsautl\fR command can be used to sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt
162 data using the \s-1RSA\s0 algorithm.
163 .SH "COMMAND OPTIONS"
164 .IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS"
165 .IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
166 .IX Item "-in filename"
167 This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input
168 if this option is not specified.
169 .IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
170 .IX Item "-out filename"
171 specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by
173 .IP "\fB\-inkey file\fR" 4
174 .IX Item "-inkey file"
175 the input key file, by default it should be an \s-1RSA\s0 private key.
176 .IP "\fB\-pubin\fR" 4
178 the input file is an \s-1RSA\s0 public key.
179 .IP "\fB\-certin\fR" 4
181 the input is a certificate containing an \s-1RSA\s0 public key.
184 sign the input data and output the signed result. This requires
185 and \s-1RSA\s0 private key.
186 .IP "\fB\-verify\fR" 4
188 verify the input data and output the recovered data.
189 .IP "\fB\-encrypt\fR" 4
191 encrypt the input data using an \s-1RSA\s0 public key.
192 .IP "\fB\-decrypt\fR" 4
194 decrypt the input data using an \s-1RSA\s0 private key.
195 .IP "\fB\-pkcs, \-oaep, \-ssl, \-raw\fR" 4
196 .IX Item "-pkcs, -oaep, -ssl, -raw"
197 the padding to use: PKCS#1 v1.5 (the default), PKCS#1 \s-1OAEP\s0,
198 special padding used in \s-1SSL\s0 v2 backwards compatible handshakes,
199 or no padding, respectively.
200 For signatures, only \fB\-pkcs\fR and \fB\-raw\fR can be used.
201 .IP "\fB\-hexdump\fR" 4
203 hex dump the output data.
204 .IP "\fB\-asn1parse\fR" 4
205 .IX Item "-asn1parse"
206 asn1parse the output data, this is useful when combined with the
207 \&\fB\-verify\fR option.
210 \&\fBrsautl\fR because it uses the \s-1RSA\s0 algorithm directly can only be
211 used to sign or verify small pieces of data.
213 .IX Header "EXAMPLES"
214 Sign some data using a private key:
217 \& openssl rsautl \-sign \-in file \-inkey key.pem \-out sig
220 Recover the signed data
223 \& openssl rsautl \-verify \-in sig \-inkey key.pem
226 Examine the raw signed data:
229 \& openssl rsautl \-verify \-in file \-inkey key.pem \-raw \-hexdump
231 \& 0000 \- 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
232 \& 0010 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
233 \& 0020 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
234 \& 0030 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
235 \& 0040 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
236 \& 0050 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
237 \& 0060 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
238 \& 0070 \- ff ff ff ff 00 68 65 6c\-6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 .....hello world
241 The PKCS#1 block formatting is evident from this. If this was done using
242 encrypt and decrypt the block would have been of type 2 (the second byte)
243 and random padding data visible instead of the 0xff bytes.
245 It is possible to analyse the signature of certificates using this
246 utility in conjunction with \fBasn1parse\fR. Consider the self signed
247 example in certs/pca\-cert.pem . Running \fBasn1parse\fR as follows yields:
250 \& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem
252 \& 0:d=0 hl=4 l= 742 cons: SEQUENCE
253 \& 4:d=1 hl=4 l= 591 cons: SEQUENCE
254 \& 8:d=2 hl=2 l= 3 cons: cont [ 0 ]
255 \& 10:d=3 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :02
256 \& 13:d=2 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :00
257 \& 16:d=2 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
258 \& 18:d=3 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption
259 \& 29:d=3 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
260 \& 31:d=2 hl=2 l= 92 cons: SEQUENCE
261 \& 33:d=3 hl=2 l= 11 cons: SET
262 \& 35:d=4 hl=2 l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE
263 \& 37:d=5 hl=2 l= 3 prim: OBJECT :countryName
264 \& 42:d=5 hl=2 l= 2 prim: PRINTABLESTRING :AU
266 \& 599:d=1 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
267 \& 601:d=2 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption
268 \& 612:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
269 \& 614:d=1 hl=3 l= 129 prim: BIT STRING
272 The final \s-1BIT\s0 \s-1STRING\s0 contains the actual signature. It can be extracted with:
275 \& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem \-out sig \-noout \-strparse 614
278 The certificate public key can be extracted with:
281 \& openssl x509 \-in test/testx509.pem \-pubkey \-noout >pubkey.pem
284 The signature can be analysed with:
287 \& openssl rsautl \-in sig \-verify \-asn1parse \-inkey pubkey.pem \-pubin
289 \& 0:d=0 hl=2 l= 32 cons: SEQUENCE
290 \& 2:d=1 hl=2 l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE
291 \& 4:d=2 hl=2 l= 8 prim: OBJECT :md5
292 \& 14:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
293 \& 16:d=1 hl=2 l= 16 prim: OCTET STRING
294 \& 0000 \- f3 46 9e aa 1a 4a 73 c9\-37 ea 93 00 48 25 08 b5 .F...Js.7...H%..
297 This is the parsed version of an \s-1ASN1\s0 DigestInfo structure. It can be seen that
298 the digest used was md5. The actual part of the certificate that was signed can
302 \& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem \-out tbs \-noout \-strparse 4
305 and its digest computed with:
308 \& openssl md5 \-c tbs
309 \& MD5(tbs)= f3:46:9e:aa:1a:4a:73:c9:37:ea:93:00:48:25:08:b5
312 which it can be seen agrees with the recovered value above.
314 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
315 \&\fIdgst\fR\|(1), \fIrsa\fR\|(1), \fIgenrsa\fR\|(1)