4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
28 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
30 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
31 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
32 # Corrections are welcome!
35 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
37 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
42 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
43 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
45 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
46 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
49 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
51 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
54 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
55 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
56 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
57 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
59 ###############################################################################
61 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
62 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
63 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
64 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
65 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
67 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
68 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
69 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
81 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
86 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
87 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
88 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
89 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
90 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
91 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
92 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
93 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
94 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
96 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
97 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
98 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
99 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
100 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
102 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
105 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
106 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
107 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
110 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
111 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
112 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
113 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
114 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
115 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
116 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
117 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
118 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
130 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
131 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
133 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
134 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
135 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
141 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
143 # British Indian Ocean Territory
144 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
145 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
146 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
147 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
148 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
151 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
161 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
162 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
163 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
164 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
165 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
166 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
169 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
170 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
171 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
179 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
181 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
182 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
183 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
184 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
185 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
186 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
188 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
189 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
190 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
192 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
193 # 1987 mid-April - ??
195 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
196 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
197 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
199 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
200 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
201 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
202 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
203 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
204 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
205 # pre-1980 time zones.
207 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
208 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
209 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
210 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
211 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
212 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
213 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
214 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
216 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
217 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
218 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
219 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
221 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
222 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
223 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
224 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
225 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
226 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
227 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
228 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
229 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
230 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
233 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
234 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
235 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
236 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
237 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
242 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
244 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
247 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
248 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
249 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
250 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
251 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
252 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
253 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
255 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
256 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
257 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
258 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
259 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
260 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
261 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
262 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
263 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
264 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
265 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
268 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
269 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
270 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
272 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
273 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
277 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
278 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
279 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
280 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
281 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
282 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
283 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
284 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
285 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
286 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
287 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
288 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
289 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
290 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
291 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
292 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
293 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
294 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
295 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
299 ###############################################################################
303 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
304 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
305 # have any other information.
307 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
308 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
309 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
310 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
311 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
312 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
313 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
314 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
315 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
316 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
317 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
318 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
319 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
320 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
323 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
324 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
325 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
326 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
327 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
328 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
329 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
330 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
331 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
332 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
333 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
334 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
335 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
336 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
337 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
338 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
339 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
340 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
341 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
345 ###############################################################################
348 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
349 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
350 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
351 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
352 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
353 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
354 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
355 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
356 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
357 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
358 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
359 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
360 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
362 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
364 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
365 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
366 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
369 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
370 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
371 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
372 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
373 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
375 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
376 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
377 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
378 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
380 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
382 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
383 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
384 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
385 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
386 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
387 # of integration into Europe.
389 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
390 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
391 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
392 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
393 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
394 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
395 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
396 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
397 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
400 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
401 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
402 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
403 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
404 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
405 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
406 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
407 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
408 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
409 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
410 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
411 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
416 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
417 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
418 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
419 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
420 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
421 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
422 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
423 # conflicts with their way of life.
425 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
426 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
427 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
429 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
430 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
432 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
433 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
434 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
435 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
437 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
438 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
439 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
441 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
442 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
446 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
447 Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
448 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
449 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
451 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
453 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
455 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
460 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
461 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
462 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
463 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
464 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
466 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
467 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
468 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
469 # but this must be a typo.
470 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
471 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
472 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
478 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
479 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
480 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
485 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
487 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
488 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
489 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
492 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
499 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
500 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
501 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
503 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
504 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
506 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
508 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
509 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
510 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
511 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
512 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
513 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
515 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
516 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
517 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
520 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
522 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
523 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
524 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
525 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
526 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
527 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
529 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
530 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
531 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
532 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
533 # plan to change that law....
535 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
536 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
537 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
538 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
539 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
540 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
542 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
543 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
544 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
545 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
546 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
547 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
548 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
549 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
550 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
551 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
552 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
553 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
554 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
556 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
557 # The above comments about post-2006 transitions may become relevant again,
558 # if Iran ever resuscitates DST, so we'll leave the comments in.
560 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
561 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
562 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
564 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
565 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
566 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
567 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
568 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
569 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
570 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
571 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
572 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
573 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
574 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
575 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
576 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
577 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
578 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
579 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
580 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
581 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
582 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
583 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
584 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
585 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
586 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
594 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
595 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
596 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
597 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
598 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
600 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
601 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
602 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
603 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
604 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
606 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
608 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
609 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
610 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
611 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
612 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
613 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
614 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
615 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
616 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
618 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
619 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
620 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
621 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
622 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
627 ###############################################################################
631 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
633 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
634 # different abbreviations in use:
636 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
637 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
638 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
640 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
641 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
642 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
643 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
644 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
645 # settings in Israeli computers.
647 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
648 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
649 # family is from India).
651 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
652 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
653 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
654 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
655 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
656 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
657 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
658 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
659 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
660 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
661 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
662 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
663 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
664 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
665 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
666 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
667 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
668 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
669 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
670 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
671 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
672 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
673 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
674 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
675 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
676 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
677 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
678 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
679 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
680 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
681 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
682 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
683 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
684 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
685 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
686 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
687 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
688 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
689 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
690 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
691 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
692 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
694 # From Ephraim Silverberg
695 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
698 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
699 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
700 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
701 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
702 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
703 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
704 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
705 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
706 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
707 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
708 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
709 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
710 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
711 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
712 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
713 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
714 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
715 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
716 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
717 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
718 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
719 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
721 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
722 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
723 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
724 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
725 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
726 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
727 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
728 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
729 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
730 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
731 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
733 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
734 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
735 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
737 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
738 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
739 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
740 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
741 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
743 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
744 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
745 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
747 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
749 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
751 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
753 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
755 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
757 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
758 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
759 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
760 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
761 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
762 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
763 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
764 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
765 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
767 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
768 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
769 # years 2001-2004 as well.
771 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
773 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
775 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
776 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
778 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
780 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
781 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
782 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
783 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
784 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
785 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
786 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
787 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
788 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
789 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
790 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
792 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
793 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
794 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
795 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
796 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
798 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
800 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
802 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
803 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
804 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
805 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
806 # to generate the transitions in this list.
807 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
808 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
810 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
812 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
813 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
814 # springtime transitions explicitly.
816 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
817 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
818 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
819 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
820 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
821 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
822 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
823 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
824 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
825 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
826 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
827 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
828 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
829 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
830 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
831 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
832 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
833 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
834 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
835 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
836 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
837 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
838 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
839 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
840 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
841 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
842 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
843 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
844 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
845 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
846 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
847 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
848 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
849 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
850 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
851 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
852 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
853 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
854 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
855 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
856 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
857 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
858 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
859 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
861 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
862 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
863 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
868 ###############################################################################
872 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
874 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
875 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
876 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
877 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
879 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
880 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
881 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
882 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
883 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
884 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
885 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
886 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
887 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
888 # wanted to keep it.)
890 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
891 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
892 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
893 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
894 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
895 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
896 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
897 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
898 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
899 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
900 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
902 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
903 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
904 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
905 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
906 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
907 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
908 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
910 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
911 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
912 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
913 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
914 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
915 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
916 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
917 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
920 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
921 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
923 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
924 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
925 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
927 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
928 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
932 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
936 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
937 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
938 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
939 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
942 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
943 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
944 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
945 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
946 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
947 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
949 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
950 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
952 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
953 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
954 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
956 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
957 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
958 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
960 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
961 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
962 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
963 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
964 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
965 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
966 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
967 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
968 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
969 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
970 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
971 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
972 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
973 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
974 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
975 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
976 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
977 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
978 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
979 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
980 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
981 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
982 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
983 Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
984 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
985 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
986 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
987 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
988 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
989 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
995 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
996 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
997 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
998 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
999 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1000 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1002 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1003 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1004 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1005 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1006 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1008 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1009 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1010 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1012 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1013 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1015 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1016 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1017 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1019 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1020 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1021 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1022 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1023 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1024 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1025 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1026 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1027 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1030 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1032 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1033 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1034 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1035 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1037 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1039 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1040 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1041 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1042 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1043 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1044 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1045 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1046 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1047 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1048 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1050 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1051 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1052 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1053 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1054 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1055 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1056 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1057 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1058 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1061 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1062 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1063 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1064 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1066 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1067 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1068 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1069 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1070 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1071 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1074 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1075 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1076 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1077 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1078 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1079 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1080 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1081 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1082 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1085 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1086 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1088 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1089 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1090 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1091 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1092 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1093 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1094 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1095 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1097 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1098 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1099 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1100 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1101 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1102 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1103 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1104 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1105 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1106 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1107 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1110 ###############################################################################
1112 # Korea (North and South)
1114 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1115 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1116 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1117 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1118 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1119 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1121 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1122 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1123 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1124 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1125 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1126 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1129 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1133 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1134 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1137 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1141 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1142 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1145 ###############################################################################
1148 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1149 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1153 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1154 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1155 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1161 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1162 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1163 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1164 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1165 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1166 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1167 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1168 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1169 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1170 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1171 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1172 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1173 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1174 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1175 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1176 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1177 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1178 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1179 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1180 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1181 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1182 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1183 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1184 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1185 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1187 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1192 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1193 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1195 # peninsular Malaysia
1196 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1197 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1198 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1199 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1200 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1201 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1202 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1203 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1204 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1205 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1206 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1207 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1209 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1210 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1211 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1212 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1213 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1214 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1215 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1216 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1217 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1221 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1222 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1223 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1224 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1228 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1229 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1230 # both say that it has just one.
1232 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1233 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1234 # General Information Mongolia
1236 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1237 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1238 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1241 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1242 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1243 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1244 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1245 # of implementation may have been different....
1246 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1247 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1248 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1250 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1251 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1252 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1253 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1254 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1255 # is good enough for our purposes.
1257 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1258 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1259 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1260 # there are three time zones.
1262 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1263 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1264 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1265 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1267 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1269 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1270 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1271 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1272 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1274 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1275 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1276 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1278 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1279 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1280 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1281 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1282 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1283 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1284 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1285 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1287 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1288 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1289 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1290 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1291 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1292 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1293 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1294 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1296 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1297 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1298 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1299 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1300 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1301 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1303 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1304 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1305 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1306 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1307 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1308 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1310 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1311 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1312 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1313 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1314 Rule Mongol 2001 max - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1315 Rule Mongol 2002 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1317 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1318 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1319 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1320 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1322 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1323 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1324 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1326 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1327 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1328 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1330 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1331 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time
1334 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1335 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1337 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1340 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1341 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1346 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1347 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1348 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1349 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1350 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1351 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1353 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1354 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1355 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1356 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1357 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1358 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1359 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1360 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1361 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1362 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1363 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1365 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1366 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1367 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1369 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1370 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1371 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1373 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1374 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1375 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1376 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1378 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1379 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1382 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1383 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1384 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1385 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1386 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1388 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1389 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1390 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1391 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1395 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1397 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1398 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1399 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1401 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1402 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1403 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1406 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1407 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1408 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1409 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1410 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1413 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1414 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1415 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1416 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1417 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1419 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1420 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1421 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1422 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1423 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1426 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1428 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1429 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1430 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1431 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1432 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1434 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1437 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1438 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1439 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1440 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1441 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1442 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1443 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1444 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1445 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1446 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1447 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1449 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1450 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1452 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1453 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1454 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1455 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1457 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1458 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1459 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1461 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1462 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1463 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1464 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1465 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1467 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1468 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1470 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1471 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1472 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1473 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1474 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1476 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
1477 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
1478 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
1479 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
1480 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
1481 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
1484 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
1485 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
1486 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
1487 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
1488 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
1489 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
1490 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
1491 # because of the Ramadan.
1493 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1494 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1495 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1496 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1497 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1498 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1499 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1500 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1502 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1503 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1504 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1505 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1506 Rule Palestine 2006 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1507 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1508 Rule Palestine 2007 max - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1510 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1511 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1512 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1513 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1515 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1516 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1522 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1523 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1524 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1525 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1526 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1528 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1529 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
1530 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
1531 # rainy season begins. See
1532 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
1533 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
1535 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
1536 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
1537 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
1538 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
1541 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1542 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1543 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1544 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1545 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1546 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1547 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1549 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1550 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1551 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1556 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1557 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1562 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1563 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1567 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1568 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1569 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1570 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1571 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1572 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1573 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1574 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1575 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1576 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1577 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1578 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1585 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1586 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1587 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1588 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1589 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1590 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1592 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1594 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1595 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1597 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1598 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1600 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
1601 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
1602 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
1603 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
1605 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
1606 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
1607 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
1608 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
1609 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
1610 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
1611 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use TZ='Asia/Calcutta',
1612 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
1614 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
1615 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
1616 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
1617 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
1618 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
1620 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
1621 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
1622 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
1624 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
1625 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
1626 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
1629 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
1630 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
1631 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
1632 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
1633 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
1635 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
1636 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
1639 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1640 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
1641 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
1643 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1644 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1645 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1646 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1647 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1648 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1649 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1650 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1651 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
1655 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1656 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1657 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1658 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1659 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1660 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1661 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1662 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1663 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1664 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1665 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1666 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1667 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1668 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1669 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1670 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1671 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1672 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1673 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1674 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1675 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1676 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1677 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1678 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1679 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1680 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1681 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1682 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1683 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1684 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1685 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1686 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1687 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
1688 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
1689 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
1690 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1691 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1692 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1693 Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1694 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
1695 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
1696 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
1697 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1698 Rule Syria 2007 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1699 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1700 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1704 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1705 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1706 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1707 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1708 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1709 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1710 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1713 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1714 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1715 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1719 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1720 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1721 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1722 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1723 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1724 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1725 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1728 # United Arab Emirates
1729 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1730 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1734 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1735 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1736 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1737 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1738 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1739 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
1740 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1741 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1743 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1744 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1745 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1746 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1747 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1752 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
1753 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
1754 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
1756 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1757 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1758 Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1759 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1765 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1766 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
projects / dragonfly.git / blob