share/misc/bsd-family-tree

   1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
   2 ---------------------------------------------
   3
   4 First Edition (V1)
   5      |
   6 Second Edition (V2)
   7      |
   8 Third Edition (V3)
   9      |
  10 Fourth Edition (V4)
  11      |
  12 Fifth Edition (V5)
  13      |
  14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
  15        \                |
  16         \               |
  17          \              |
  18 Seventh Edition (V7)    |
  19             \           |
  20              \        1BSD
  21              32V        |
  22                \      2BSD---------------*
  23                 \    /                   |
  24                  \  /                    |
  25                   \/                     |
  26                  3BSD                    |
  27                   |                      |
  28                4.0BSD               2.7.9BSD
  29                   |                      |
  30                4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
  31                   |                      |
  32               4.1aBSD -----------\       |
  33                   |                \     |
  34               4.1bBSD                \   |
  35                   |                    \ |
  36       *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
  37      /            |                      |
  38 Eighth Edition    |                   2.9BSD-Seismo
  39      |            |                      |
  40      +----<--- 4.2BSD               2.9.1BSD
  41      |            |                      |
  42      +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
  43      |            |               /      |
  44 Ninth Edition     |              / 2.10.1BSD
  45      |         4.3BSD Tahoe-----+        |
  46      |            |              \       |
  47      |            |                \     |
  48      v            |                  2.11BSD
  49 Tenth Edition     |                      |
  50                   |                  2.11BSD rev #430
  51                4.3BSD NET/1              |
  52                   |                      v
  53                4.3BSD Reno
  54                   |
  55    *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
  56    |                    |                      |             |
  57 386BSD 0.0              |                      |           BSD/386 ALPHA
  58    |                    |                      |             |
  59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+                      |           BSD/386 0.3.[13]
  60    |     \              |                  4.4BSD Alpha      |
  61    |     386BSD 1.0     |                      |           BSD/386 0.9.[34]
  62    |                    |                  4.4BSD            |
  63    |                    |                    / |             |
  64    |                    |   4.4BSD-Encumbered  |             |
  65    |                 NetBSD 0.8                |           BSD/386 1.0
  66    |                    |                      |             |
  67 FreeBSD 1.0          NetBSD 0.9                |           BSD/386 1.1
  68    |                    |           .----- 4.4BSD Lite       |
  69 FreeBSD 1.1             |          /   /       |     \       |
  70    |                    |         /   /        |      \      |
  71 FreeBSD 1.1.5       .---|--------'   /         |       \     |
  72    |               /    |           /          |        \    |
  73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1   /     |          /           |         \   |
  74    |             /   NetBSD 1.0 <-'            |          \  |
  75    |            /       |                      |           \ |
  76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--'        |                      |           BSD/OS 2.0
  77    |                     \                     |             |
  78 FreeBSD 2.0.5             \                    |           BSD/OS 2.0.1
  79    |                 .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2       |
  80    |                 |      \             |  |   |   |       |
  81    |                 | .-----|------Rhapsody |   |   |       |
  82    |                 | |     |        NetBSD 1.3 |   |       |
  83    |                 | |     |           OpenBSD 2.3 |       |
  84    |                 | |     |                BSD/OS 3.0     |
  85 FreeBSD 2.1          | |     |                               |
  86  |   |               | |  NetBSD 1.1 ------.               BSD/OS 2.1
  87  | FreeBSD 2.1.5     | |     |              \                |
  88  |     |             | |  NetBSD 1.2         \             BSD/OS 3.0
  89  | FreeBSD 2.1.6     | |     |  \          OpenBSD 2.0       |
  90  |     |             | |     |   \             |             |
  91  | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1   | |     |    \            |             |
  92  |     |             | |     |     \           |             |
  93  | FreeBSD 2.1.7     | |     |      |          |             |
  94  |     |             | |     |  NetBSD 1.2.1   |             |
  95  | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1   | |     |                 |             |
  96  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  97  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  98  *-FreeBSD 2.2       | |     |                 |             |
  99  |        \          | |     |                 |             |
 100  |     FreeBSD 2.2.1 | |     |                 |             |
 101  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 102  |     FreeBSD 2.2.2 | |     |             OpenBSD 2.1       |
 103  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 104  |     FreeBSD 2.2.5 | |     |                 |             |
 105  |         |         | |     |             OpenBSD 2.2       |
 106  |         |         | |  NetBSD 1.3           |             |
 107  |     FreeBSD 2.2.6 | |     |    |            |             |
 108  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.1    |           BSD/OS 3.1
 109  |         |         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.3       |
 110  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.2    |             |
 111  |     FreeBSD 2.2.7 | |     |    |            |             |
 112  |         |         | |     |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.0
 113  |         v         | |     |    |            |             |
 114  |     FreeBSD 2.2.8 | |     |    |            |             |
 115  |                   | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.4       |
 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* |     |    v            |             |
 117  |                     |     | NetBSD 1.3.3    |             |
 118  *---FreeBSD 3.1       |     |                 |             |
 119  |       |             |     |                 |           BSD/OS 4.0.1
 120  |   FreeBSD 3.2----*  |  NetBSD 1.4       OpenBSD 2.5       |
 121  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 122  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 123  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 124  |   FreeBSD 3.3    |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.1    |             |
 125  |       |          |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.6       |
 126  |   FreeBSD 3.4    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 127  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.1
 128 FreeBSD 4.0  |      |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.2    |             |
 129  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 130  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 131  |   FreeBSD 3.5    |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.7       |
 132  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 133  |   FreeBSD 3.5.1  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 134  |                  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 135  *---FreeBSD 4.1    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 136  |      |           |  | (?) |    |            |             |
 137  |   FreeBSD 4.1.1  |  |  /  |    |            |             |
 138  |      |           |  | /   |    |            |             |
 139  |   FreeBSD 4.2   Darwin/   | NetBSD 1.4.3    |             |
 140  |      |         Mac OS X   |             OpenBSD 2.8     BSD/OS 4.2
 141  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 142  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 143  |      |           10.0  NetBSD 1.5           |             |
 144  |   FreeBSD 4.3      |      |    |            |             |
 145  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 2.9       |
 146  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.5.1    |             |
 147  |      |             |      |    |            |             |
 148  |   FreeBSD 4.4-.    |      | NetBSD 1.5.2    |             |
 149  |      |        | Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 150  |      |        |   10.1    |    |        OpenBSD 3.0       |
 151  |   FreeBSD 4.5 |    |      |    |            |             |
 152  |      |         \   |      |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.3
 153  |   FreeBSD 4.6   \  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.1       |
 154  |      |           \ |      | NetBSD 1.5.3    |             |
 155  |   FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X  |                 |             |
 156  |      |            10.2    |                 |             |
 157  |   FreeBSD 4.7      |      |                 |             |
 158  |      |             |   NetBSD 1.6       OpenBSD 3.2       |
 159  |   FreeBSD 4.8      |      |    |            |             |
 160  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.6.1    |             |
 161  |      |--------.    |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.3     BSD/OS 5.0
 162  |      |         \   |      |    |            |             |
 163  |   FreeBSD 4.9   |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.4     BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
 164  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 165  |      |          |  |      | NetBSD 1.6.2    |
 166  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 167  |      |          |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.5
 168  |      |          |  |      |    v            |
 169  |   FreeBSD 4.10  |  |      |                 |
 170  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 171  |   FreeBSD 4.11  |  |      |                 |
 172  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 173  |      v           `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
 174  |                    |      |                 |                      \
 175 FreeBSD 5.0           |      |                 |                       |
 176  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 177 FreeBSD 5.1           |      |                 |                  DragonFly 1.0
 178  |          \         |      |                 |                       |
 179  |           ----- Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 180  |                   10.3    |                 |                       |
 181 FreeBSD 5.2           |      |                 |                       |
 182  |      |             |      |                 |                       |
 183  |   FreeBSD 5.2.1    |      |                 |                       |
 184  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 185  *---FreeBSD 5.3      |      |                 |                       |
 186  |      |             |      |             OpenBSD 3.6                 |
 187  |      |             |   NetBSD 2.0           |                       |
 188  |      |             |      |    |            |                 DragonFly 1.2.0
 189  |      |          Mac OS X  | NetBSD 2.0.2    |                       |
 190  |   FreeBSD 5.4     10.4    |    |            |                       |
 191  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.7                 |
 192  |      V             |      |    v            |                       |
 193  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 194 FreeBSD 6 -current    |  NetBSD -current  OpenBSD -current             |
 195  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 196  v                    v      v                 v                       v
 197
 198 Time
 199 ----------------
 200
 201 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
 202 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
 203
 204 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
 205         and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
 206         the 4.4BSD Operating System.
 207 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
 208 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
 209 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
 210 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
 211 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
 212 [KB]  Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
 213         Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
 214 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
 215         comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
 216 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
 217         Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
 218         Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
 219 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
 220 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
 221 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
 222 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
 223 [USE] Usenet announcement.
 224 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
 225 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
 226
 227 Multics                 1965
 228 UNIX                    Summer 1969
 229                                 DEC PDP-7
 230 First   Edition         1971-11-03 [QCU]
 231                                 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
 232 Second  Edition         1972-06-12 [QCU]
 233                                 10 UNIX installations
 234 Third   Edition         1973-02-xx [QCU]
 235                                 Pipes, 16 installations
 236 Fourth  Edition         1973-11-xx [QCU]
 237                                 rewriting in C effected,
 238                                 above 30 installations
 239 Fifth   Edition         1974-06-xx [QCU]
 240                                 above 50 installations
 241 Sixth   Edition         1975-05-xx [QCU]
 242                                 port to DEC Vax
 243 Seventh Edition         1979-01-xx [QCU]
 244                                 first portable UNIX
 245 Eighth  Edition         1985-02-xx [QCU]
 246                                 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
 247                                 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
 248                                 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
 249                         scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
 250                         and networking part by the streams mechanism
 251
 252 Ninth   Edition         1986-09-xx [QCU]
 253 Tenth   Edition         1989-10-xx [QCU]
 254
 255 1BSD                    late 1977
 256                         1978-03-09 [QCU]
 257                                 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
 258                                 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
 259                                 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
 260 2BSD                    mid 1978 [QCU]
 261                                 75 2BSD tapes shipped
 262 2.7.9BSD                ?? [SMS]
 263 2.8BSD                  1981-07-xx [KSJ]
 264
 265 2.8.1BSD                1982-01-xx [QCU]
 266                                 set of performance improvements
 267 2.9BSD                  1983-07-xx [KSJ]
 268 2.9.1BSD                1983-11-xx
 269 2.9BSD-Seismo           1985-08-xx [SMS]
 270 2.10BSD                 1987-04-xx [KKK]
 271 2.10.1BSD               1989-01-xx [SMS]
 272 2.11BSD                 1992-02-xx [SMS]
 273 2.11BSD rev #430        1999-12-13 [SMS]
 274
 275 32V                     1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
 276 3BSD                    late 1979 [QCU]
 277                                 virtual memory, page replacement,
 278                                 demand paging
 279 4.0BSD                  1980-10-xx
 280 4.1BSD                  1981-07-08 [DOC]
 281 4.1aBSD                 1982-04-xx
 282                                 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
 283 4.1bBSD                         internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
 284 4.1cBSD                 late 1982
 285                                 beta release, IPC [44B]
 286 4.2BSD                  1983-09-xx [QCU]
 287                         1983-08-03 [DOC]
 288 4.3BSD                  1986-06-xx [QCU]
 289                         1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
 290 4.3BSD Tahoe            1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
 291 4.3BSD NET/1            1988-11-xx [QCU]
 292                         1989-01-01 [DOC]
 293 4.3BSD Reno             1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
 294 4.3BSD NET/2            1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
 295
 296 BSD/386 ALPHA           1991-12-xx [BSDI]
 297                                 first code released to people outside BSDI
 298 386BSD 0.0              1992-02-xx [DOC]
 299 BSD/386 0.3.1           1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
 300 BSD/386 0.3.3           1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
 301 386BSD 0.1              1992-07-28 [DOC]
 302 4.4BSD Alpha            1992-07-07
 303 BSD/386 0.9.3           1992-10-xx [BSDI]
 304                                 first external gamma; G customers
 305 BSD/386 0.9.4           1992-12-xx [BSDI]
 306                                 would have been 1.0 except for request
 307                                 for preliminary injunction
 308 BSD/386 1.0             1993-03-xx [BSDI]
 309                                 injunction denied; first official release
 310 NetBSD 0.8              1993-04-20 [NBD]
 311 4.4BSD                  1993-06-01 [USE]
 312 NetBSD 0.9              1993-08-23 [NBD]
 313 FreeBSD 1.0             1993-11-01 [FBD]
 314 BSD/386 1.1             1994-02-xx [BSDI]
 315 4.4BSD Lite             1994-03-01 [USE]
 316 FreeBSD 1.1             1994-05-07 [FBD]
 317 FreeBSD 1.1.5           1994-06-30 [FBD]
 318 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1         1994-07-05 [FBD]
 319                                 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
 320 NetBSD 1.0              1994-10-26 [NBD]
 321 386BSD 1.0              1994-11-12 [USE]
 322 FreeBSD 2.0             1994-11-23 [FBD]
 323 BSD/OS 2.0              1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
 324 FreeBSD 2.0.5           1995-06-10 [FBD]
 325 BSD/OS 2.0.1            1995-06-xx [BSDI]
 326 4.4BSD Lite Release 2   1995-06-xx [44B]
 327                                 the true final distribution from the CSRG
 328 FreeBSD 2.1.0           1995-11-19 [FBD]
 329 NetBSD 1.1              1995-11-26 [NBD]
 330 BSD/OS 2.1              1996-01-xx [BSDI]
 331 FreeBSD 2.1.5           1996-07-14 [FBD]
 332 NetBSD 1.2              1996-10-04 [NBD]
 333 OpenBSD 2.0             1996-10-18 [OBD]
 334 FreeBSD 2.1.6           1996-11-16 [FBD]
 335 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1         1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
 336 Rhapsody                1997-xx-xx
 337 FreeBSD 2.1.7           1997-02-20 [FBD]
 338 BSD/OS 3.0              1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
 339 FreeBSD 2.2.0           1997-03-16 [FBD]
 340 FreeBSD 2.2.1           1997-03-25 [FBD]
 341 FreeBSD 2.2.2           1997-05-16 [FBD]
 342 NetBSD 1.2.1            1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
 343 OpenBSD 2.1             1997-06-01 [OBD]
 344 FreeBSD 2.2.5           1997-10-22 [FBD]
 345 OpenBSD 2.2             1997-12-01 [OBD]
 346 NetBSD 1.3              1998-01-04 [NBD]
 347 FreeBSD 2.2.6           1998-03-25 [FBD]
 348 NetBSD 1.3.1            1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
 349 BSD/OS 3.1              1998-03-xx [BSDI]
 350 OpenBSD 2.3             1998-05-19 [OBD]
 351 NetBSD 1.3.2            1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
 352 FreeBSD 2.2.7           1998-07-22 [FBD]
 353 BSD/OS 4.0              1998-08-xx [BSDI]
 354                                 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
 355 FreeBSD 3.0             1998-10-16 [FBD]
 356                                 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
 357                                 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
 358                                 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
 359 FreeBSD 2.2.8           1998-11-29 [FBD]
 360 OpenBSD 2.4             1998-12-01 [OBD]
 361 NetBSD 1.3.3            1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
 362 FreeBSD 3.1             1999-02-15 [FBD]
 363 BSD/OS 4.0.1            1999-03-xx [BSDI]
 364 NetBSD 1.4              1999-05-12 [NBD]
 365 FreeBSD 3.2             1999-05-17 [FBD]
 366 OpenBSD 2.5             1999-05-19 [OBD]
 367 NetBSD 1.4.1            1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
 368 FreeBSD 3.3             1999-09-17 [FBD]
 369 OpenBSD 2.6             1999-12-01 [OBD]
 370 FreeBSD 3.4             1999-12-20 [FBD]
 371 BSD/OS 4.1              1999-12-xx [BSDI]
 372 FreeBSD 4.0             2000-03-13 [FBD]
 373 NetBSD 1.4.2            2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
 374 OpenBSD 2.7             2000-06-15 [OBD]
 375 FreeBSD 3.5             2000-06-24 [FBD]
 376 FreeBSD 4.1             2000-07-27 [FBD]
 377 FreeBSD 3.5.1           2000-07-28 [FBD]
 378 FreeBSD 4.1.1           2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
 379 FreeBSD 4.2             2000-11-21 [FBD]
 380 NetBSD 1.4.3            2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
 381 BSD/OS 4.2              2000-11-29 [BSDI]
 382 OpenBSD 2.8             2000-12-01 [OBD]
 383 NetBSD 1.5              2000-12-06 [NBD]
 384 Mac OS X 10.0           2001-03-24 [APL]
 385 FreeBSD 4.3             2001-04-20 [FBD]
 386 OpenBSD 2.9             2001-06-01 [OBD]
 387 NetBSD 1.5.1            2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
 388 NetBSD 1.5.2            2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
 389 FreeBSD 4.4             2001-09-18 [FBD]
 390 Mac OS X 10.1           2001-09-29 [APL]
 391 OpenBSD 3.0             2001-12-01 [OBD]
 392 FreeBSD 4.5             2002-01-29 [FBD]
 393 BSD/OS 4.3              2002-03-14 [WRS]
 394 OpenBSD 3.1             2002-05-19 [OBD]
 395 FreeBSD 4.6             2002-06-15 [FBD]
 396 NetBSD 1.5.3            2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
 397 FreeBSD 4.6.2           2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
 398 Mac OS X 10.2           2002-08-23 [APL]
 399 NetBSD 1.6              2002-09-14 [NBD]
 400 FreeBSD 4.7             2002-10-08 [FBD]
 401 OpenBSD 3.2             2002-11-01 [OBD]
 402 FreeBSD 5.0             2003-01-17 [FBD]
 403                                 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
 404                                 -current, similar to 3.0.
 405 FreeBSD 4.8             2003-04-03 [FBD]
 406 NetBSD 1.6.1            2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
 407 OpenBSD 3.3             2003-05-01 [OBD]
 408 BSD/OS 5.0              2003-05-?? [WRS]
 409 FreeBSD 5.1             2003-06-09 [FBD]
 410 Mac OS X 10.3           2003-10-24 [APL]
 411 FreeBSD 4.9             2003-10-28 [FBD]
 412 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE          2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
 413 OpenBSD 3.4             2003-11-01 [OBD]
 414 FreeBSD 5.2             2004-01-12 [FBD]
 415 FreeBSD 5.2.1           2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
 416 NetBSD 1.6.2            2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
 417 OpenBSD 3.5             2004-04-01 [OBD]
 418 FreeBSD 4.10            2004-05-27 [FBD]
 419 DragonFly 1.0           2004-07-12 [DFB]
 420 OpenBSD 3.6             2004-10-29 [OBD]
 421 FreeBSD 5.3             2004-11-06 [FBD]
 422 NetBSD 2.0              2004-12-09 [NBD]
 423 FreeBSD 4.11            2005-01-25 [FBD]
 424 DragonFly 1.2.0         2005-04-08 [DFB]
 425 NetBSD 2.0.2            2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 426 Mac OS X 10.4           2005-04-29 [APL]
 427 FreeBSD 5.4             2005-05-09 [FBD]
 428 OpenBSD 3.7             2005-05-19 [OBD]
 429
 430 Bibliography
 431 ------------------------
 432
 433 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
 434 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
 435 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
 436
 437 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
 438 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
 439
 440 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
 441 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
 442 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
 443
 444 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
 445 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
 446 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
 447
 448 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
 449
 450 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
 451 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
 452 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
 453
 454 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
 455 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
 456
 457 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
 458 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
 459
 460 BSD Release Announcements collection.
 461 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
 462
 463 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
 464 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
 465
 466 UNIX history graphing project
 467 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
 468
 469 UNIX history
 470 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
 471
 472 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
 473 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
 474 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
 475
 476
 477 Acknowledgments
 478 ---------------
 479
 480 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
 481 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
 482
 483 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
 484
 485 --
 486 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
 487 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
 488
 489 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.95 2005/06/25 07:07:50 hrs Exp $
 490 $DragonFly: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.6 2005/09/08 07:06:12 swildner Exp $