usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   7  * are met:
   8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
  14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
  15  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
  16  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
  17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  19  *    without specific prior written permission.
  20  *
  21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  32  *
  33  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  34  * @(#)vmstat.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
  35  * $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c,v 1.38.2.4 2001/07/31 19:52:41 tmm Exp $
  36  * $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c,v 1.16 2005/02/14 13:18:39 joerg Exp $
  37  */
  38
  39 #define _KERNEL_STRUCTURES
  40
  41 #include <sys/param.h>
  42 #include <sys/time.h>
  43 #include <sys/user.h>
  44 #include <sys/uio.h>
  45 #include <sys/namei.h>
  46 #include <sys/malloc.h>
  47 #include <sys/signal.h>
  48 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
  49 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  50 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  51 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
  52
  53 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
  54
  55 #include <ctype.h>
  56 #include <err.h>
  57 #include <errno.h>
  58 #include <kinfo.h>
  59 #include <kvm.h>
  60 #include <limits.h>
  61 #include <nlist.h>
  62 #include <paths.h>
  63 #include <stdio.h>
  64 #include <stdlib.h>
  65 #include <string.h>
  66 #include <sysexits.h>
  67 #include <time.h>
  68 #include <unistd.h>
  69 #include <devstat.h>
  70
  71 static struct nlist namelist[] = {
  72 #define X_BOOTTIME      0
  73         { "_boottime" },
  74 #define X_NCHSTATS      1
  75         { "_nchstats" },
  76 #define X_INTRNAMES     2
  77         { "_intrnames" },
  78 #define X_EINTRNAMES    3
  79         { "_eintrnames" },
  80 #define X_INTRCNT       4
  81         { "_intrcnt" },
  82 #define X_EINTRCNT      5
  83         { "_eintrcnt" },
  84 #define X_KMEMSTATISTICS        6
  85         { "_kmemstatistics" },
  86 #define X_ZLIST         7
  87         { "_zlist" },
  88 #ifdef notyet
  89 #define X_DEFICIT       8
  90         { "_deficit" },
  91 #define X_FORKSTAT      9
  92         { "_forkstat" },
  93 #define X_REC           10
  94         { "_rectime" },
  95 #define X_PGIN          11
  96         { "_pgintime" },
  97 #define X_XSTATS        12
  98         { "_xstats" },
  99 #define X_END           13
 100 #else
 101 #define X_END           8
 102 #endif
 103         { "" },
 104 };
 105
 106 struct statinfo cur, last;
 107 int num_devices, maxshowdevs;
 108 long generation;
 109 struct device_selection *dev_select;
 110 int num_selected;
 111 struct devstat_match *matches;
 112 int num_matches = 0;
 113 int num_devices_specified, num_selections;
 114 long select_generation;
 115 char **specified_devices;
 116 devstat_select_mode select_mode;
 117
 118 struct  vmmeter vmm, ovmm;
 119 struct  vmstats vms, ovms;
 120
 121 int     winlines = 20;
 122 int     nflag = 0;
 123
 124 kvm_t *kd;
 125
 126 struct kinfo_cputime cp_time, old_cp_time, diff_cp_time;
 127
 128 #define FORKSTAT        0x01
 129 #define INTRSTAT        0x02
 130 #define MEMSTAT         0x04
 131 #define SUMSTAT         0x08
 132 #define TIMESTAT        0x10
 133 #define VMSTAT          0x20
 134 #define ZMEMSTAT        0x40
 135
 136 static void cpustats(void);
 137 static void dointr(void);
 138 static void domem(void);
 139 static void dosum(void);
 140 static void dozmem(void);
 141 static void dovmstat(u_int interval, int reps);
 142 static void kread(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size);
 143 static void usage(void);
 144 static char **getdrivedata(char **argv);
 145 static long getuptime(void);
 146 static void needhdr(int signo);
 147 static long pct(long top, long bot);
 148
 149 #ifdef notyet
 150 static void dotimes(void); /* Not implemented */
 151 static void doforkst(void);
 152 #endif
 153 static void printhdr(void);
 154 static void devstats(void);
 155
 156 int
 157 main(int argc, char **argv)
 158 {
 159         int c, todo;
 160         u_int interval;
 161         int reps;
 162         char *memf, *nlistf;
 163         char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
 164
 165         memf = nlistf = NULL;
 166         interval = reps = todo = 0;
 167         maxshowdevs = 2;
 168         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:fiM:mN:n:p:stw:z")) != -1) {
 169                 switch (c) {
 170                 case 'c':
 171                         reps = atoi(optarg);
 172                         break;
 173                 case 'f':
 174 #ifdef notyet
 175                         todo |= FORKSTAT;
 176 #else
 177                         errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -f is not (re)implemented yet");
 178 #endif
 179                         break;
 180                 case 'i':
 181                         todo |= INTRSTAT;
 182                         break;
 183                 case 'M':
 184                         memf = optarg;
 185                         break;
 186                 case 'm':
 187                         todo |= MEMSTAT;
 188                         break;
 189                 case 'N':
 190                         nlistf = optarg;
 191                         break;
 192                 case 'n':
 193                         nflag = 1;
 194                         maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
 195                         if (maxshowdevs < 0)
 196                                 errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
 197                                      maxshowdevs);
 198                         break;
 199                 case 'p':
 200                         if (buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
 201                                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 202                         break;
 203                 case 's':
 204                         todo |= SUMSTAT;
 205                         break;
 206                 case 't':
 207 #ifdef notyet
 208                         todo |= TIMESTAT;
 209 #else
 210                         errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -t is not (re)implemented yet");
 211 #endif
 212                         break;
 213                 case 'w':
 214                         interval = atoi(optarg);
 215                         break;
 216                 case 'z':
 217                         todo |= ZMEMSTAT;
 218                         break;
 219                 case '?':
 220                 default:
 221                         usage();
 222                 }
 223         }
 224         argc -= optind;
 225         argv += optind;
 226
 227         if (todo == 0)
 228                 todo = VMSTAT;
 229
 230         /*
 231          * Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad
 232          * guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory.
 233          */
 234         if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL)
 235                 setgid(getgid());
 236
 237         kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
 238         if (kd == 0)
 239                 errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
 240
 241         if ((c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) {
 242                 if (c > 0) {
 243                         warnx("undefined symbols:");
 244                         for (c = 0; c < (int)__arysize(namelist); c++)
 245                                 if (namelist[c].n_type == 0)
 246                                         fprintf(stderr, " %s",
 247                                             namelist[c].n_name);
 248                         fputc('\n', stderr);
 249                 } else
 250                         warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
 251                 exit(1);
 252         }
 253
 254         if (todo & VMSTAT) {
 255                 struct winsize winsize;
 256
 257                 /*
 258                  * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the
 259                  * kernel devstat version.  If not, exit and print a
 260                  * message informing the user of his mistake.
 261                  */
 262                 if (checkversion() < 0)
 263                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 264
 265
 266                 argv = getdrivedata(argv);
 267                 winsize.ws_row = 0;
 268                 ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&winsize);
 269                 if (winsize.ws_row > 0)
 270                         winlines = winsize.ws_row;
 271
 272         }
 273
 274 #define BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
 275 #ifdef  BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
 276         if (*argv) {
 277                 interval = atoi(*argv);
 278                 if (*++argv)
 279                         reps = atoi(*argv);
 280         }
 281 #endif
 282
 283         if (interval) {
 284                 if (!reps)
 285                         reps = -1;
 286         } else if (reps)
 287                 interval = 1;
 288
 289 #ifdef notyet
 290         if (todo & FORKSTAT)
 291                 doforkst();
 292 #endif
 293         if (todo & MEMSTAT)
 294                 domem();
 295         if (todo & ZMEMSTAT)
 296                 dozmem();
 297         if (todo & SUMSTAT)
 298                 dosum();
 299 #ifdef notyet
 300         if (todo & TIMESTAT)
 301                 dotimes();
 302 #endif
 303         if (todo & INTRSTAT)
 304                 dointr();
 305         if (todo & VMSTAT)
 306                 dovmstat(interval, reps);
 307         exit(0);
 308 }
 309
 310 static char **
 311 getdrivedata(char **argv)
 312 {
 313         if ((num_devices = getnumdevs()) < 0)
 314                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 315
 316         cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
 317         last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
 318         bzero(cur.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
 319         bzero(last.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
 320
 321         if (getdevs(&cur) == -1)
 322                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 323
 324         num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
 325         generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
 326
 327         specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *));
 328         for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
 329                 if (isdigit(**argv))
 330                         break;
 331                 num_devices_specified++;
 332                 specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices,
 333                                                      sizeof(char *) *
 334                                                      num_devices_specified);
 335                 specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
 336         }
 337         dev_select = NULL;
 338
 339         if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
 340                         maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
 341
 342         /*
 343          * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when
 344          * they're running vmstat.  So, that's what we're going to give
 345          * them if they don't specify anything by default.  We'll also give
 346          * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to
 347          * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist.  If the user
 348          * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern
 349          * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only
 350          * those devices.
 351          */
 352         if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) {
 353                 if (buildmatch("da", &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
 354                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 355
 356                 select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
 357         } else
 358                 select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
 359
 360         /*
 361          * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
 362          * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
 363          * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
 364          */
 365         if (selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections,
 366                        &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
 367                        num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices,
 368                        num_devices_specified, select_mode,
 369                        maxshowdevs, 0) == -1)
 370                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 371
 372         return(argv);
 373 }
 374
 375 static long
 376 getuptime(void)
 377 {
 378         static time_t now, boottime;
 379         time_t uptime;
 380
 381         if (boottime == 0)
 382                 kread(X_BOOTTIME, &boottime, sizeof(boottime));
 383         time(&now);
 384         uptime = now - boottime;
 385         if (uptime <= 0 || uptime > 60*60*24*365*10)
 386                 errx(1, "time makes no sense; namelist must be wrong");
 387         return(uptime);
 388 }
 389
 390 int     hdrcnt;
 391
 392 static void
 393 dovmstat(u_int interval, int reps)
 394 {
 395         struct vmtotal total;
 396         time_t uptime, halfuptime;
 397         struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
 398         int vmm_size = sizeof(vmm);
 399         int vms_size = sizeof(vms);
 400         int vmt_size = sizeof(total);
 401
 402         uptime = getuptime();
 403         halfuptime = uptime / 2;
 404         signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
 405
 406         for (hdrcnt = 1;;) {
 407                 if (!--hdrcnt)
 408                         printhdr();
 409                 if (kinfo_get_sched_cputime(&cp_time))
 410                         err(1, "kinfo_get_sched_cputime");
 411
 412                 tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
 413                 last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
 414                 cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
 415                 last.busy_time = cur.busy_time;
 416
 417                 /*
 418                  * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
 419                  * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
 420                  * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
 421                  * the selection process again, in case a device that we
 422                  * were previously displaying has gone away.
 423                  */
 424                 switch (getdevs(&cur)) {
 425                 case -1:
 426                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 427                         break;
 428                 case 1: {
 429                         int retval;
 430
 431                         num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
 432                         generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
 433
 434                         retval = selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
 435                                             &num_selections, &select_generation,
 436                                             generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
 437                                             num_devices, matches, num_matches,
 438                                             specified_devices,
 439                                             num_devices_specified, select_mode,
 440                                             maxshowdevs, 0);
 441                         switch (retval) {
 442                         case -1:
 443                                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 444                                 break;
 445                         case 1:
 446                                 printhdr();
 447                                 break;
 448                         default:
 449                                 break;
 450                         }
 451                 }
 452                 default:
 453                         break;
 454                 }
 455
 456                 if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmstats", &vms, &vms_size, NULL, 0)) {
 457                         perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmstats");
 458                         exit(1);
 459                 }
 460                 if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmmeter", &vmm, &vmm_size, NULL, 0)) {
 461                         perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmmeter");
 462                         exit(1);
 463                 }
 464                 if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmtotal", &total, &vmt_size, NULL, 0)) {
 465                         perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmtotal");
 466                         exit(1);
 467                 }
 468                 printf("%2d %1d %1d",
 469                     total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw + total.t_pw, total.t_sw);
 470 #define vmstat_pgtok(a) ((a) * vms.v_page_size >> 10)
 471 #define rate(x) (((x) + halfuptime) / uptime)   /* round */
 472                 printf(" %7ld %6ld ",
 473                     (long)vmstat_pgtok(total.t_avm), (long)vmstat_pgtok(total.t_free));
 474                 printf("%4lu ",
 475                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_vm_faults - ovmm.v_vm_faults));
 476                 printf("%3lu ",
 477                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_reactivated - ovmm.v_reactivated));
 478                 printf("%3lu ",
 479                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_swapin + vmm.v_vnodein -
 480                     (ovmm.v_swapin + ovmm.v_vnodein)));
 481                 printf("%3lu ",
 482                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_swapout + vmm.v_vnodeout -
 483                     (ovmm.v_swapout + ovmm.v_vnodeout)));
 484                 printf("%3lu ",
 485                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_tfree - ovmm.v_tfree));
 486                 printf("%3lu ",
 487                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_pdpages - ovmm.v_pdpages));
 488                 devstats();
 489                 printf("%4lu %4lu %3lu ",
 490                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_intr - ovmm.v_intr),
 491                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_syscall - ovmm.v_syscall),
 492                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_swtch - ovmm.v_swtch));
 493                 cpustats();
 494                 printf("\n");
 495                 fflush(stdout);
 496                 if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
 497                         break;
 498                 ovmm = vmm;
 499                 uptime = interval;
 500                 /*
 501                  * We round upward to avoid losing low-frequency events
 502                  * (i.e., >= 1 per interval but < 1 per second).
 503                  */
 504                 if (interval != 1)
 505                         halfuptime = (uptime + 1) / 2;
 506                 else
 507                         halfuptime = 0;
 508                 sleep(interval);
 509         }
 510 }
 511
 512 static void
 513 printhdr(void)
 514 {
 515         int i, num_shown;
 516
 517         num_shown = (num_selected < maxshowdevs) ? num_selected : maxshowdevs;
 518         printf(" procs      memory      page%*s", 19, "");
 519         if (num_shown > 1)
 520                 printf(" disks %*s", num_shown * 4 - 7, "");
 521         else if (num_shown == 1)
 522                 printf("disk");
 523         printf("   faults      cpu\n");
 524         printf(" r b w     avm    fre  flt  re  pi  po  fr  sr ");
 525         for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
 526                 if ((dev_select[i].selected)
 527                  && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs))
 528                         printf("%c%c%d ", dev_select[i].device_name[0],
 529                                      dev_select[i].device_name[1],
 530                                      dev_select[i].unit_number);
 531         printf("  in   sy  cs us sy id\n");
 532         hdrcnt = winlines - 2;
 533 }
 534
 535 /*
 536  * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
 537  */
 538 static void
 539 needhdr(__unused int signo)
 540 {
 541
 542         hdrcnt = 1;
 543 }
 544
 545 static long
 546 pct(long top, long bot)
 547 {
 548         long ans;
 549
 550         if (bot == 0)
 551                 return(0);
 552         ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot;
 553         return (ans);
 554 }
 555
 556 #define PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot))
 557
 558 static void
 559 dosum(void)
 560 {
 561         struct nchstats *nch_tmp, nchstats;
 562         int vms_size = sizeof(vms);
 563         int vmm_size = sizeof(vmm);
 564         int cpucnt;
 565         u_long nchtotal;
 566         size_t nch_size = sizeof(struct nchstats) * SMP_MAXCPU;
 567
 568         if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmstats", &vms, &vms_size, NULL, 0)) {
 569                 perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmstats");
 570                 exit(1);
 571         }
 572         if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmmeter", &vmm, &vmm_size, NULL, 0)) {
 573                 perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmstats");
 574                 exit(1);
 575         }
 576         printf("%9u cpu context switches\n", vmm.v_swtch);
 577         printf("%9u device interrupts\n", vmm.v_intr);
 578         printf("%9u software interrupts\n", vmm.v_soft);
 579         printf("%9u traps\n", vmm.v_trap);
 580         printf("%9u system calls\n", vmm.v_syscall);
 581         printf("%9u kernel threads created\n", vmm.v_kthreads);
 582         printf("%9u  fork() calls\n", vmm.v_forks);
 583         printf("%9u vfork() calls\n", vmm.v_vforks);
 584         printf("%9u rfork() calls\n", vmm.v_rforks);
 585         printf("%9u exec() calls\n", vmm.v_exec);
 586         printf("%9u swap pager pageins\n", vmm.v_swapin);
 587         printf("%9u swap pager pages paged in\n", vmm.v_swappgsin);
 588         printf("%9u swap pager pageouts\n", vmm.v_swapout);
 589         printf("%9u swap pager pages paged out\n", vmm.v_swappgsout);
 590         printf("%9u vnode pager pageins\n", vmm.v_vnodein);
 591         printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged in\n", vmm.v_vnodepgsin);
 592         printf("%9u vnode pager pageouts\n", vmm.v_vnodeout);
 593         printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged out\n", vmm.v_vnodepgsout);
 594         printf("%9u page daemon wakeups\n", vmm.v_pdwakeups);
 595         printf("%9u pages examined by the page daemon\n", vmm.v_pdpages);
 596         printf("%9u pages reactivated\n", vmm.v_reactivated);
 597         printf("%9u copy-on-write faults\n", vmm.v_cow_faults);
 598         printf("%9u copy-on-write optimized faults\n", vmm.v_cow_optim);
 599         printf("%9u zero fill pages zeroed\n", vmm.v_zfod);
 600         printf("%9u zero fill pages prezeroed\n", vmm.v_ozfod);
 601         printf("%9u intransit blocking page faults\n", vmm.v_intrans);
 602         printf("%9u total VM faults taken\n", vmm.v_vm_faults);
 603         printf("%9u pages affected by kernel thread creation\n", vmm.v_kthreadpages);
 604         printf("%9u pages affected by  fork()\n", vmm.v_forkpages);
 605         printf("%9u pages affected by vfork()\n", vmm.v_vforkpages);
 606         printf("%9u pages affected by rfork()\n", vmm.v_rforkpages);
 607         printf("%9u pages freed\n", vmm.v_tfree);
 608         printf("%9u pages freed by daemon\n", vmm.v_dfree);
 609         printf("%9u pages freed by exiting processes\n", vmm.v_pfree);
 610         printf("%9u pages active\n", vms.v_active_count);
 611         printf("%9u pages inactive\n", vms.v_inactive_count);
 612         printf("%9u pages in VM cache\n", vms.v_cache_count);
 613         printf("%9u pages wired down\n", vms.v_wire_count);
 614         printf("%9u pages free\n", vms.v_free_count);
 615         printf("%9u bytes per page\n", vms.v_page_size);
 616
 617         if ((nch_tmp = malloc(nch_size)) == NULL) {
 618                 perror("malloc");
 619                 exit(1);
 620         } else {
 621                 if (sysctlbyname("vfs.cache.nchstats", nch_tmp, &nch_size, NULL, 0)) {
 622                         perror("sysctlbyname vfs.cache.nchstats");
 623                         free(nch_tmp);
 624                         exit(1);
 625                 } else {
 626                         if ((nch_tmp = realloc(nch_tmp, nch_size)) == NULL) {
 627                                 perror("realloc");
 628                                 exit(1);
 629                         }
 630                 }
 631         }
 632
 633         cpucnt = nch_size / sizeof(struct nchstats);
 634         kvm_nch_cpuagg(nch_tmp, &nchstats, cpucnt);
 635
 636         nchtotal = nchstats.ncs_goodhits + nchstats.ncs_neghits +
 637             nchstats.ncs_badhits + nchstats.ncs_falsehits +
 638             nchstats.ncs_miss + nchstats.ncs_long;
 639         printf("%9ld total name lookups\n", nchtotal);
 640         printf(
 641             "%9s cache hits (%ld%% pos + %ld%% neg) system %ld%% per-directory\n",
 642             "", PCT(nchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal),
 643             PCT(nchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal),
 644             PCT(nchstats.ncs_pass2, nchtotal));
 645         printf("%9s deletions %ld%%, falsehits %ld%%, toolong %ld%%\n", "",
 646             PCT(nchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal),
 647             PCT(nchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal),
 648             PCT(nchstats.ncs_long, nchtotal));
 649         free(nch_tmp);
 650 }
 651
 652 #ifdef notyet
 653 void
 654 doforkst(void)
 655 {
 656         struct forkstat fks;
 657
 658         kread(X_FORKSTAT, &fks, sizeof(struct forkstat));
 659         printf("%d forks, %d pages, average %.2f\n",
 660             fks.cntfork, fks.sizfork, (double)fks.sizfork / fks.cntfork);
 661         printf("%d vforks, %d pages, average %.2f\n",
 662             fks.cntvfork, fks.sizvfork, (double)fks.sizvfork / fks.cntvfork);
 663 }
 664 #endif
 665
 666 static void
 667 devstats(void)
 668 {
 669         int dn;
 670         long double transfers_per_second;
 671         long double busy_seconds;
 672
 673         diff_cp_time.cp_user = cp_time.cp_user - old_cp_time.cp_user;
 674         diff_cp_time.cp_nice = cp_time.cp_nice - old_cp_time.cp_nice;
 675         diff_cp_time.cp_sys = cp_time.cp_sys - old_cp_time.cp_sys;
 676         diff_cp_time.cp_intr = cp_time.cp_intr - old_cp_time.cp_intr;
 677         diff_cp_time.cp_idle = cp_time.cp_idle - old_cp_time.cp_idle;
 678         old_cp_time = cp_time;
 679
 680         busy_seconds = compute_etime(cur.busy_time, last.busy_time);
 681
 682         for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
 683                 int di;
 684
 685                 if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0)
 686                  || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
 687                         continue;
 688
 689                 di = dev_select[dn].position;
 690
 691                 if (compute_stats(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
 692                                   &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds,
 693                                   NULL, NULL, NULL,
 694                                   NULL, &transfers_per_second, NULL,
 695                                   NULL, NULL) != 0)
 696                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 697
 698                 printf("%3.0Lf ", transfers_per_second);
 699         }
 700 }
 701
 702 static void
 703 cpustats(void)
 704 {
 705         uint64_t total;
 706         double totusage;
 707
 708         total = diff_cp_time.cp_user + diff_cp_time.cp_nice +
 709             diff_cp_time.cp_sys + diff_cp_time.cp_intr + diff_cp_time.cp_idle;
 710
 711         if (total)
 712                 totusage = 100.0 / total;
 713         else
 714                 totusage = 0;
 715         printf("%2.0f ",
 716                (diff_cp_time.cp_user + diff_cp_time.cp_nice) * totusage);
 717         printf("%2.0f ",
 718                (diff_cp_time.cp_sys + diff_cp_time.cp_intr) * totusage);
 719         printf("%2.0f",
 720                diff_cp_time.cp_idle * totusage);
 721 }
 722
 723 static void
 724 dointr(void)
 725 {
 726         u_long *intrcnt, uptime;
 727         u_int64_t inttotal;
 728         int nintr, inamlen;
 729         char *intrname;
 730
 731         uptime = getuptime();
 732         nintr = namelist[X_EINTRCNT].n_value - namelist[X_INTRCNT].n_value;
 733         inamlen =
 734             namelist[X_EINTRNAMES].n_value - namelist[X_INTRNAMES].n_value;
 735         intrcnt = malloc((size_t)nintr);
 736         intrname = malloc((size_t)inamlen);
 737         if (intrcnt == NULL || intrname == NULL)
 738                 errx(1, "malloc");
 739         kread(X_INTRCNT, intrcnt, (size_t)nintr);
 740         kread(X_INTRNAMES, intrname, (size_t)inamlen);
 741         printf("interrupt                   total       rate\n");
 742         inttotal = 0;
 743         nintr /= sizeof(long);
 744         while (--nintr >= 0) {
 745                 if (intrname[0] || *intrcnt) {
 746                     printf("%-12s %20lu %10lu\n", intrname,
 747                             *intrcnt, *intrcnt / uptime);
 748                 }
 749                 intrname += strlen(intrname) + 1;
 750                 inttotal += *intrcnt++;
 751         }
 752         printf("Total        %20llu %10llu\n", inttotal,
 753                         inttotal / (u_int64_t) uptime);
 754 }
 755
 756 #define MAX_KMSTATS     200
 757
 758 static
 759 long
 760 cpuagg(long *ary)
 761 {
 762     int i;
 763     long ttl;
 764
 765     for (i = ttl = 0; i < SMP_MAXCPU; ++i)
 766         ttl += ary[i];
 767     return(ttl);
 768 }
 769
 770 static void
 771 domem(void)
 772 {
 773         struct malloc_type *ks;
 774         int i, j;
 775         int first, nkms;
 776         long totuse = 0, totfree = 0, totreq = 0;
 777         struct malloc_type kmemstats[MAX_KMSTATS], *kmsp;
 778         char buf[1024];
 779
 780         kread(X_KMEMSTATISTICS, &kmsp, sizeof(kmsp));
 781         for (nkms = 0; nkms < MAX_KMSTATS && kmsp != NULL; nkms++) {
 782                 if (sizeof(kmemstats[0]) != kvm_read(kd, (u_long)kmsp,
 783                     &kmemstats[nkms], sizeof(kmemstats[0])))
 784                         err(1, "kvm_read(%p)", (void *)kmsp);
 785                 if (sizeof(buf) !=  kvm_read(kd,
 786                     (u_long)kmemstats[nkms].ks_shortdesc, buf, sizeof(buf)))
 787                         err(1, "kvm_read(%p)",
 788                             kmemstats[nkms].ks_shortdesc);
 789                 buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
 790                 kmemstats[nkms].ks_shortdesc = strdup(buf);
 791                 kmsp = kmemstats[nkms].ks_next;
 792         }
 793         if (kmsp != NULL)
 794                 warnx("truncated to the first %d memory types", nkms);
 795
 796         printf(
 797             "\nMemory statistics by type                          Type  Kern\n");
 798         printf(
 799 "        Type  InUse MemUse HighUse  Limit Requests  Limit Limit Size(s)\n");
 800         for (i = 0, ks = &kmemstats[0]; i < nkms; i++, ks++) {
 801                 if (ks->ks_calls == 0)
 802                         continue;
 803                 printf("%13s%6ld%6ldK%7ldK%7ldK%9lld%5u%6u",
 804                     ks->ks_shortdesc,
 805                     cpuagg(ks->ks_inuse), (cpuagg(ks->ks_memuse) + 1023) / 1024,
 806                     (ks->ks_maxused + 1023) / 1024,
 807                     (ks->ks_limit + 1023) / 1024, ks->ks_calls,
 808                     ks->ks_limblocks, ks->ks_mapblocks);
 809                 first = 1;
 810                 for (j =  1 << MINBUCKET; j < 1 << (MINBUCKET + 16); j <<= 1) {
 811                         if ((ks->ks_size & j) == 0)
 812                                 continue;
 813                         if (first)
 814                                 printf("  ");
 815                         else
 816                                 printf(",");
 817                         if(j<1024)
 818                                 printf("%d",j);
 819                         else
 820                                 printf("%dK",j>>10);
 821                         first = 0;
 822                 }
 823                 printf("\n");
 824                 totuse += cpuagg(ks->ks_memuse);
 825                 totreq += ks->ks_calls;
 826         }
 827         printf("\nMemory Totals:  In Use    Free    Requests\n");
 828         printf("              %7ldK %6ldK    %8ld\n",
 829              (totuse + 1023) / 1024, (totfree + 1023) / 1024, totreq);
 830 }
 831
 832 static void
 833 dozmem(void)
 834 {
 835         char *buf;
 836         size_t bufsize;
 837
 838         buf = NULL;
 839         bufsize = 1024;
 840         for (;;) {
 841                 if ((buf = realloc(buf, bufsize)) == NULL)
 842                         err(1, "realloc()");
 843                 if (sysctlbyname("vm.zone", buf, &bufsize, 0, NULL) == 0)
 844                         break;
 845                 if (errno != ENOMEM)
 846                         err(1, "sysctl()");
 847                 bufsize *= 2;
 848         }
 849         buf[bufsize] = '\0'; /* play it safe */
 850         printf("%s\n\n", buf);
 851         free(buf);
 852 }
 853
 854 /*
 855  * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index.
 856  */
 857 static void
 858 kread(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size)
 859 {
 860         const char *sym;
 861
 862         if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) {
 863                 sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
 864                 if (*sym == '_')
 865                         ++sym;
 866                 errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym);
 867         }
 868         if (kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value, addr, size) != (ssize_t)size) {
 869                 sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
 870                 if (*sym == '_')
 871                         ++sym;
 872                 errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd));
 873         }
 874 }
 875
 876 static void
 877 usage(void)
 878 {
 879         fprintf(stderr, "%s%s",
 880                 "usage: vmstat [-imsz] [-c count] [-M core] [-N system] [-w wait]\n",
 881                 "              [-n devs] [disks]\n");
 882         exit(1);
 883 }