Fix an incorrect pointer in a journal_build_pad() that led to a panic.

[dragonfly.git] / sys / kern / vfs_jops.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2004 The DragonFly Project.  All rights reserved.
 * 
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
 * by Matthew Dillon <dillon@backplane.com>
 * 
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without specific, prior written permission.
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * $DragonFly: src/sys/kern/vfs_jops.c,v 1.10 2005/03/04 21:37:27 dillon Exp $
 */
/*
 * Each mount point may have zero or more independantly configured journals
 * attached to it.  Each journal is represented by a memory FIFO and worker
 * thread.  Journal events are streamed through the FIFO to the thread,
 * batched up (typically on one-second intervals), and written out by the
 * thread. 
 *
 * Journal vnode ops are executed instead of mnt_vn_norm_ops when one or
 * more journals have been installed on a mount point.  It becomes the
 * responsibility of the journal op to call the underlying normal op as
 * appropriate.
 *
 * The journaling protocol is intended to evolve into a two-way stream
 * whereby transaction IDs can be acknowledged by the journaling target
 * when the data has been committed to hard storage.  Both implicit and
 * explicit acknowledgement schemes will be supported, depending on the
 * sophistication of the journaling stream, plus resynchronization and
 * restart when a journaling stream is interrupted.  This information will
 * also be made available to journaling-aware filesystems to allow better
 * management of their own physical storage synchronization mechanisms as
 * well as to allow such filesystems to take direct advantage of the kernel's
 * journaling layer so they don't have to roll their own.
 *
 * In addition, the worker thread will have access to much larger 
 * spooling areas then the memory buffer is able to provide by e.g. 
 * reserving swap space, in order to absorb potentially long interruptions
 * of off-site journaling streams, and to prevent 'slow' off-site linkages
 * from radically slowing down local filesystem operations.  
 *
 * Because of the non-trivial algorithms the journaling system will be
 * required to support, use of a worker thread is mandatory.  Efficiencies
 * are maintained by utilitizing the memory FIFO to batch transactions when
 * possible, reducing the number of gratuitous thread switches and taking
 * advantage of cpu caches through the use of shorter batched code paths
 * rather then trying to do everything in the context of the process
 * originating the filesystem op.  In the future the memory FIFO can be
 * made per-cpu to remove BGL or other locking requirements.
 */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/buf.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/unistd.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/poll.h>
#include <sys/mountctl.h>
#include <sys/journal.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/msfbuf.h>

#include <machine/limits.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_object.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_pager.h>
#include <vm/vnode_pager.h>

#include <sys/file2.h>
#include <sys/thread2.h>

static int journal_attach(struct mount *mp);
static void journal_detach(struct mount *mp);
static int journal_install_vfs_journal(struct mount *mp, struct file *fp,
                            const struct mountctl_install_journal *info);
static int journal_remove_vfs_journal(struct mount *mp,
                            const struct mountctl_remove_journal *info);
static int journal_resync_vfs_journal(struct mount *mp, const void *ctl);
static int journal_status_vfs_journal(struct mount *mp,
                       const struct mountctl_status_journal *info,
                       struct mountctl_journal_ret_status *rstat,
                       int buflen, int *res);
static void journal_thread(void *info);

static void *journal_reserve(struct journal *jo, 
                            struct journal_rawrecbeg **rawpp, 
                            int16_t streamid, int bytes);
static void *journal_extend(struct journal *jo,
                            struct journal_rawrecbeg **rawpp,
                            int truncbytes, int bytes, int *newstreamrecp);
static void journal_abort(struct journal *jo, 
                            struct journal_rawrecbeg **rawpp);
static void journal_commit(struct journal *jo, 
                            struct journal_rawrecbeg **rawpp, 
                            int bytes, int closeout);

static void jrecord_init(struct journal *jo, 
                            struct jrecord *jrec, int16_t streamid);
static struct journal_subrecord *jrecord_push(
                            struct jrecord *jrec, int16_t rectype);
static void jrecord_pop(struct jrecord *jrec, struct journal_subrecord *parent);
static struct journal_subrecord *jrecord_write(struct jrecord *jrec,
                            int16_t rectype, int bytes);
static void jrecord_data(struct jrecord *jrec, const void *buf, int bytes);
static void jrecord_done(struct jrecord *jrec, int abortit);

static int journal_setattr(struct vop_setattr_args *ap);
static int journal_write(struct vop_write_args *ap);
static int journal_fsync(struct vop_fsync_args *ap);
static int journal_putpages(struct vop_putpages_args *ap);
static int journal_setacl(struct vop_setacl_args *ap);
static int journal_setextattr(struct vop_setextattr_args *ap);
static int journal_ncreate(struct vop_ncreate_args *ap);
static int journal_nmknod(struct vop_nmknod_args *ap);
static int journal_nlink(struct vop_nlink_args *ap);
static int journal_nsymlink(struct vop_nsymlink_args *ap);
static int journal_nwhiteout(struct vop_nwhiteout_args *ap);
static int journal_nremove(struct vop_nremove_args *ap);
static int journal_nmkdir(struct vop_nmkdir_args *ap);
static int journal_nrmdir(struct vop_nrmdir_args *ap);
static int journal_nrename(struct vop_nrename_args *ap);

static struct vnodeopv_entry_desc journal_vnodeop_entries[] = {
    { &vop_default_desc,                vop_journal_operate_ap },
    { &vop_mountctl_desc,               (void *)journal_mountctl },
    { &vop_setattr_desc,                (void *)journal_setattr },
    { &vop_write_desc,                  (void *)journal_write },
    { &vop_fsync_desc,                  (void *)journal_fsync },
    { &vop_putpages_desc,               (void *)journal_putpages },
    { &vop_setacl_desc,                 (void *)journal_setacl },
    { &vop_setextattr_desc,             (void *)journal_setextattr },
    { &vop_ncreate_desc,                (void *)journal_ncreate },
    { &vop_nmknod_desc,                 (void *)journal_nmknod },
    { &vop_nlink_desc,                  (void *)journal_nlink },
    { &vop_nsymlink_desc,               (void *)journal_nsymlink },
    { &vop_nwhiteout_desc,              (void *)journal_nwhiteout },
    { &vop_nremove_desc,                (void *)journal_nremove },
    { &vop_nmkdir_desc,                 (void *)journal_nmkdir },
    { &vop_nrmdir_desc,                 (void *)journal_nrmdir },
    { &vop_nrename_desc,                (void *)journal_nrename },
    { NULL, NULL }
};

static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_JOURNAL, "journal", "Journaling structures");
static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_JFIFO, "journal-fifo", "Journal FIFO");

int
journal_mountctl(struct vop_mountctl_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    int error = 0;

    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    KKASSERT(mp);

    if (mp->mnt_vn_journal_ops == NULL) {
        switch(ap->a_op) {
        case MOUNTCTL_INSTALL_VFS_JOURNAL:
            error = journal_attach(mp);
            if (error == 0 && ap->a_ctllen != sizeof(struct mountctl_install_journal))
                error = EINVAL;
            if (error == 0 && ap->a_fp == NULL)
                error = EBADF;
            if (error == 0)
                error = journal_install_vfs_journal(mp, ap->a_fp, ap->a_ctl);
            if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&mp->mnt_jlist))
                journal_detach(mp);
            break;
        case MOUNTCTL_REMOVE_VFS_JOURNAL:
        case MOUNTCTL_RESYNC_VFS_JOURNAL:
        case MOUNTCTL_STATUS_VFS_JOURNAL:
            error = ENOENT;
            break;
        default:
            error = EOPNOTSUPP;
            break;
        }
    } else {
        switch(ap->a_op) {
        case MOUNTCTL_INSTALL_VFS_JOURNAL:
            if (ap->a_ctllen != sizeof(struct mountctl_install_journal))
                error = EINVAL;
            if (error == 0 && ap->a_fp == NULL)
                error = EBADF;
            if (error == 0)
                error = journal_install_vfs_journal(mp, ap->a_fp, ap->a_ctl);
            break;
        case MOUNTCTL_REMOVE_VFS_JOURNAL:
            if (ap->a_ctllen != sizeof(struct mountctl_remove_journal))
                error = EINVAL;
            if (error == 0)
                error = journal_remove_vfs_journal(mp, ap->a_ctl);
            if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&mp->mnt_jlist))
                journal_detach(mp);
            break;
        case MOUNTCTL_RESYNC_VFS_JOURNAL:
            if (ap->a_ctllen != 0)
                error = EINVAL;
            error = journal_resync_vfs_journal(mp, ap->a_ctl);
            break;
        case MOUNTCTL_STATUS_VFS_JOURNAL:
            if (ap->a_ctllen != sizeof(struct mountctl_status_journal))
                error = EINVAL;
            if (error == 0) {
                error = journal_status_vfs_journal(mp, ap->a_ctl, 
                                        ap->a_buf, ap->a_buflen, ap->a_res);
            }
            break;
        default:
            error = EOPNOTSUPP;
            break;
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * High level mount point setup.  When a 
 */
static int
journal_attach(struct mount *mp)
{
    vfs_add_vnodeops(mp, &mp->mnt_vn_journal_ops, journal_vnodeop_entries);
    return(0);
}

static void
journal_detach(struct mount *mp)
{
    if (mp->mnt_vn_journal_ops)
        vfs_rm_vnodeops(&mp->mnt_vn_journal_ops);
}

/*
 * Install a journal on a mount point.  Each journal has an associated worker
 * thread which is responsible for buffering and spooling the data to the
 * target.  A mount point may have multiple journals attached to it.  An
 * initial start record is generated when the journal is associated.
 */
static int
journal_install_vfs_journal(struct mount *mp, struct file *fp, 
                            const struct mountctl_install_journal *info)
{
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    int error = 0;
    int size;

    jo = malloc(sizeof(struct journal), M_JOURNAL, M_WAITOK|M_ZERO);
    bcopy(info->id, jo->id, sizeof(jo->id));
    jo->flags = info->flags & ~(MC_JOURNAL_ACTIVE | MC_JOURNAL_STOP_REQ);

    /*
     * Memory FIFO size, round to nearest power of 2
     */
    if (info->membufsize) {
        if (info->membufsize < 65536)
            size = 65536;
        else if (info->membufsize > 128 * 1024 * 1024)
            size = 128 * 1024 * 1024;
        else
            size = (int)info->membufsize;
    } else {
        size = 1024 * 1024;
    }
    jo->fifo.size = 1;
    while (jo->fifo.size < size)
        jo->fifo.size <<= 1;

    /*
     * Other parameters.  If not specified the starting transaction id
     * will be the current date.
     */
    if (info->transid) {
        jo->transid = info->transid;
    } else {
        struct timespec ts;
        getnanotime(&ts);
        jo->transid = ((int64_t)ts.tv_sec << 30) | ts.tv_nsec;
    }

    jo->fp = fp;

    /*
     * Allocate the memory FIFO
     */
    jo->fifo.mask = jo->fifo.size - 1;
    jo->fifo.membase = malloc(jo->fifo.size, M_JFIFO, M_WAITOK|M_ZERO|M_NULLOK);
    if (jo->fifo.membase == NULL)
        error = ENOMEM;

    /*
     * Create the worker thread and generate the association record.
     */
    if (error) {
        free(jo, M_JOURNAL);
    } else {
        fhold(fp);
        jo->flags |= MC_JOURNAL_ACTIVE;
        lwkt_create(journal_thread, jo, NULL, &jo->thread,
                        TDF_STOPREQ, -1, "journal %.*s", JIDMAX, jo->id);
        lwkt_setpri(&jo->thread, TDPRI_KERN_DAEMON);
        lwkt_schedule(&jo->thread);

        jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, JREC_STREAMID_DISCONT);
        jrecord_write(&jrec, JTYPE_ASSOCIATE, 0);
        jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mp->mnt_jlist, jo, jentry);
    }
    return(error);
}

/*
 * Disassociate a journal from a mount point and terminate its worker thread.
 * A final termination record is written out before the file pointer is
 * dropped.
 */
static int
journal_remove_vfs_journal(struct mount *mp, 
                           const struct mountctl_remove_journal *info)
{
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    int error;

    TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
        if (bcmp(jo->id, info->id, sizeof(jo->id)) == 0)
            break;
    }
    if (jo) {
        error = 0;
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&mp->mnt_jlist, jo, jentry);

        jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, JREC_STREAMID_DISCONT);
        jrecord_write(&jrec, JTYPE_DISASSOCIATE, 0);
        jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);

        jo->flags |= MC_JOURNAL_STOP_REQ | (info->flags & MC_JOURNAL_STOP_IMM);
        wakeup(&jo->fifo);
        while (jo->flags & MC_JOURNAL_ACTIVE) {
            tsleep(jo, 0, "jwait", 0);
        }
        lwkt_free_thread(&jo->thread); /* XXX SMP */
        if (jo->fp)
            fdrop(jo->fp, curthread);
        if (jo->fifo.membase)
            free(jo->fifo.membase, M_JFIFO);
        free(jo, M_JOURNAL);
    } else {
        error = EINVAL;
    }
    return (error);
}

static int
journal_resync_vfs_journal(struct mount *mp, const void *ctl)
{
    return(EINVAL);
}

static int
journal_status_vfs_journal(struct mount *mp, 
                       const struct mountctl_status_journal *info,
                       struct mountctl_journal_ret_status *rstat,
                       int buflen, int *res)
{
    struct journal *jo;
    int error = 0;
    int index;

    index = 0;
    *res = 0;
    TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
        if (info->index == MC_JOURNAL_INDEX_ID) {
            if (bcmp(jo->id, info->id, sizeof(jo->id)) != 0)
                continue;
        } else if (info->index >= 0) {
            if (info->index < index)
                continue;
        } else if (info->index != MC_JOURNAL_INDEX_ALL) {
            continue;
        }
        if (buflen < sizeof(*rstat)) {
            if (*res)
                rstat[-1].flags |= MC_JOURNAL_STATUS_MORETOCOME;
            else
                error = EINVAL;
            break;
        }
        bzero(rstat, sizeof(*rstat));
        rstat->recsize = sizeof(*rstat);
        bcopy(jo->id, rstat->id, sizeof(jo->id));
        rstat->index = index;
        rstat->membufsize = jo->fifo.size;
        rstat->membufused = jo->fifo.xindex - jo->fifo.rindex;
        rstat->membufiopend = jo->fifo.windex - jo->fifo.rindex;
        rstat->bytessent = jo->total_acked;
        ++rstat;
        ++index;
        *res += sizeof(*rstat);
        buflen -= sizeof(*rstat);
    }
    return(error);
}
/*
 * The per-journal worker thread is responsible for writing out the
 * journal's FIFO to the target stream.
 */
static void
journal_thread(void *info)
{
    struct journal *jo = info;
    struct journal_rawrecbeg *rawp;
    int bytes;
    int error;
    int avail;
    int res;

    for (;;) {
        /*
         * Calculate the number of bytes available to write.  This buffer
         * area may contain reserved records so we can't just write it out
         * without further checks.
         */
        bytes = jo->fifo.windex - jo->fifo.rindex;

        /*
         * sleep if no bytes are available or if an incomplete record is
         * encountered (it needs to be filled in before we can write it
         * out), and skip any pad records that we encounter.
         */
        if (bytes == 0) {
            if (jo->flags & MC_JOURNAL_STOP_REQ)
                break;
            tsleep(&jo->fifo, 0, "jfifo", hz);
            continue;
        }

        /*
         * Sleep if we can not go any further due to hitting an incomplete
         * record.  This case should occur rarely but may have to be better
         * optimized XXX.
         */
        rawp = (void *)(jo->fifo.membase + (jo->fifo.rindex & jo->fifo.mask));
        if (rawp->begmagic == JREC_INCOMPLETEMAGIC) {
            tsleep(&jo->fifo, 0, "jpad", hz);
            continue;
        }

        /*
         * Skip any pad records.  We do not write out pad records if we can
         * help it. 
         *
         * If xindex is caught up to rindex it gets incremented along with
         * rindex.  XXX
         */
        if (rawp->streamid == JREC_STREAMID_PAD) {
            if (jo->fifo.rindex == jo->fifo.xindex)
                jo->fifo.xindex += (rawp->recsize + 15) & ~15;
            jo->fifo.rindex += (rawp->recsize + 15) & ~15;
            jo->total_acked += bytes;
            KKASSERT(jo->fifo.windex - jo->fifo.rindex >= 0);
            continue;
        }

        /*
         * 'bytes' is the amount of data that can potentially be written out.  
         * Calculate 'res', the amount of data that can actually be written
         * out.  res is bounded either by hitting the end of the physical
         * memory buffer or by hitting an incomplete record.  Incomplete
         * records often occur due to the way the space reservation model
         * works.
         */
        res = 0;
        avail = jo->fifo.size - (jo->fifo.rindex & jo->fifo.mask);
        while (res < bytes && rawp->begmagic == JREC_BEGMAGIC) {
            res += (rawp->recsize + 15) & ~15;
            if (res >= avail) {
                KKASSERT(res == avail);
                break;
            }
            rawp = (void *)((char *)rawp + ((rawp->recsize + 15) & ~15));
        }

        /*
         * Issue the write and deal with any errors or other conditions.
         * For now assume blocking I/O.  Since we are record-aware the
         * code cannot yet handle partial writes.
         *
         * XXX EWOULDBLOCK/NBIO
         * XXX notification on failure
         * XXX permanent verses temporary failures
         * XXX two-way acknowledgement stream in the return direction / xindex
         */
        bytes = res;
        error = fp_write(jo->fp, 
                        jo->fifo.membase + (jo->fifo.rindex & jo->fifo.mask),
                        bytes, &res);
        if (error) {
            printf("journal_thread(%s) write, error %d\n", jo->id, error);
            /* XXX */
        } else {
            KKASSERT(res == bytes);
        }

        /*
         * Advance rindex.  XXX for now also advance xindex, which will
         * eventually be advanced only when the target acknowledges the
         * sequence space.
         */
        jo->fifo.rindex += bytes;
        jo->fifo.xindex += bytes;
        jo->total_acked += bytes;
        KKASSERT(jo->fifo.windex - jo->fifo.rindex >= 0);
        if (jo->flags & MC_JOURNAL_WWAIT) {
            jo->flags &= ~MC_JOURNAL_WWAIT;     /* XXX hysteresis */
            wakeup(&jo->fifo.windex);
        }
    }
    jo->flags &= ~MC_JOURNAL_ACTIVE;
    wakeup(jo);
    wakeup(&jo->fifo.windex);
}

/*
 * This builds a pad record which the journaling thread will skip over.  Pad
 * records are required when we are unable to reserve sufficient stream space
 * due to insufficient space at the end of the physical memory fifo.
 */
static
void
journal_build_pad(struct journal_rawrecbeg *rawp, int recsize)
{
    struct journal_rawrecend *rendp;
    
    KKASSERT((recsize & 15) == 0 && recsize >= 16);

    rawp->streamid = JREC_STREAMID_PAD;
    rawp->recsize = recsize;    /* must be 16-byte aligned */
    rawp->seqno = 0;
    /*
     * WARNING, rendp may overlap rawp->seqno.  This is necessary to
     * allow PAD records to fit in 16 bytes.  Use cpu_mb1() to
     * hopefully cause the compiler to not make any assumptions.
     */
    rendp = (void *)((char *)rawp + rawp->recsize - sizeof(*rendp));
    rendp->endmagic = JREC_ENDMAGIC;
    rendp->check = 0;
    rendp->recsize = rawp->recsize;

    /*
     * Set the begin magic last.  This is what will allow the journal
     * thread to write the record out.
     */
    cpu_mb1();
    rawp->begmagic = JREC_BEGMAGIC;
}

/*
 * Wake up the worker thread if the FIFO is more then half full or if
 * someone is waiting for space to be freed up.  Otherwise let the 
 * heartbeat deal with it.  Being able to avoid waking up the worker
 * is the key to the journal's cpu performance.
 */
static __inline
void
journal_commit_wakeup(struct journal *jo)
{
    int avail;

    avail = jo->fifo.size - (jo->fifo.windex - jo->fifo.xindex);
    KKASSERT(avail >= 0);
    if ((avail < (jo->fifo.size >> 1)) || (jo->flags & MC_JOURNAL_WWAIT))
        wakeup(&jo->fifo);
}

/*
 * Create a new BEGIN stream record with the specified streamid and the
 * specified amount of payload space.  *rawpp will be set to point to the
 * base of the new stream record and a pointer to the base of the payload
 * space will be returned.  *rawpp does not need to be pre-NULLd prior to
 * making this call.
 *
 * A stream can be extended, aborted, or committed by other API calls
 * below.  This may result in a sequence of potentially disconnected
 * stream records to be output to the journaling target.  The first record
 * (the one created by this function) will be marked JREC_STREAMCTL_BEGIN,
 * while the last record on commit or abort will be marked JREC_STREAMCTL_END
 * (and possibly also JREC_STREAMCTL_ABORTED).  The last record could wind
 * up being the same as the first, in which case the bits are all set in
 * the first record.
 *
 * The stream record is created in an incomplete state by setting the begin
 * magic to JREC_INCOMPLETEMAGIC.  This prevents the worker thread from
 * flushing the fifo past our record until we have finished populating it.
 * Other threads can reserve and operate on their own space without stalling
 * but the stream output will stall until we have completed operations.  The
 * memory FIFO is intended to be large enough to absorb such situations
 * without stalling out other threads.
 */
static
void *
journal_reserve(struct journal *jo, struct journal_rawrecbeg **rawpp,
                int16_t streamid, int bytes)
{
    struct journal_rawrecbeg *rawp;
    int avail;
    int availtoend;
    int req;

    /*
     * Add header and trailer overheads to the passed payload.  Note that
     * the passed payload size need not be aligned in any way.
     */
    bytes += sizeof(struct journal_rawrecbeg);
    bytes += sizeof(struct journal_rawrecend);

    for (;;) {
        /*
         * First, check boundary conditions.  If the request would wrap around
         * we have to skip past the ending block and return to the beginning
         * of the FIFO's buffer.  Calculate 'req' which is the actual number
         * of bytes being reserved, including wrap-around dead space.
         *
         * Neither 'bytes' or 'req' are aligned.
         *
         * Note that availtoend is not truncated to avail and so cannot be
         * used to determine whether the reservation is possible by itself.
         * Also, since all fifo ops are 16-byte aligned, we can check
         * the size before calculating the aligned size.
         */
        availtoend = jo->fifo.size - (jo->fifo.windex & jo->fifo.mask);
        KKASSERT((availtoend & 15) == 0);
        if (bytes > availtoend) 
            req = bytes + availtoend;   /* add pad to end */
        else
            req = bytes;

        /*
         * Next calculate the total available space and see if it is
         * sufficient.  We cannot overwrite previously buffered data
         * past xindex because otherwise we would not be able to restart
         * a broken link at the target's last point of commit.
         */
        avail = jo->fifo.size - (jo->fifo.windex - jo->fifo.xindex);
        KKASSERT(avail >= 0 && (avail & 15) == 0);

        if (avail < req) {
            /* XXX MC_JOURNAL_STOP_IMM */
            jo->flags |= MC_JOURNAL_WWAIT;
            tsleep(&jo->fifo.windex, 0, "jwrite", 0);
            continue;
        }

        /*
         * Create a pad record for any dead space and create an incomplete
         * record for the live space, then return a pointer to the
         * contiguous buffer space that was requested.
         *
         * NOTE: The worker thread will not flush past an incomplete
         * record, so the reserved space can be filled in at-will.  The
         * journaling code must also be aware the reserved sections occuring
         * after this one will also not be written out even if completed
         * until this one is completed.
         */
        rawp = (void *)(jo->fifo.membase + (jo->fifo.windex & jo->fifo.mask));
        if (req != bytes) {
            journal_build_pad(rawp, availtoend);
            rawp = (void *)jo->fifo.membase;
        }
        rawp->begmagic = JREC_INCOMPLETEMAGIC;  /* updated by abort/commit */
        rawp->recsize = bytes;                  /* (unaligned size) */
        rawp->streamid = streamid | JREC_STREAMCTL_BEGIN;
        rawp->seqno = 0;                        /* set by caller */

        /*
         * Issue a memory barrier to guarentee that the record data has been
         * properly initialized before we advance the write index and return
         * a pointer to the reserved record.  Otherwise the worker thread
         * could accidently run past us.
         *
         * Note that stream records are always 16-byte aligned.
         */
        cpu_mb1();
        jo->fifo.windex += (req + 15) & ~15;
        *rawpp = rawp;
        return(rawp + 1);
    }
    /* not reached */
    *rawpp = NULL;
    return(NULL);
}

/*
 * Extend a previous reservation by the specified number of payload bytes.
 * If it is not possible to extend the existing reservation due to either
 * another thread having reserved space after us or due to a boundary
 * condition, the current reservation will be committed and possibly
 * truncated and a new reservation with the specified payload size will
 * be created. *rawpp is set to the new reservation in this case but the
 * caller cannot depend on a comparison with the old rawp to determine if
 * this case occurs because we could end up using the same memory FIFO
 * offset for the new stream record.
 *
 * In either case this function will return a pointer to the base of the
 * extended payload space.
 *
 * If a new stream block is created the caller needs to recalculate payload
 * byte counts, if the same stream block is used the caller needs to extend
 * its current notion of the payload byte count.
 */
static void *
journal_extend(struct journal *jo, struct journal_rawrecbeg **rawpp, 
                int truncbytes, int bytes, int *newstreamrecp)
{
    struct journal_rawrecbeg *rawp;
    int16_t streamid;
    int availtoend;
    int avail;
    int osize;
    int nsize;
    int wbase;
    void *rptr;

    *newstreamrecp = 0;
    rawp = *rawpp;
    osize = (rawp->recsize + 15) & ~15;
    nsize = (rawp->recsize + bytes + 15) & ~15;
    wbase = (char *)rawp - jo->fifo.membase;

    /*
     * If the aligned record size does not change we can trivially extend
     * the record.
     */
    if (nsize == osize) {
        rawp->recsize += bytes;
        return((char *)rawp + rawp->recsize - bytes);
    }

    /*
     * If the fifo's write index hasn't been modified since we made the
     * reservation and we do not hit any boundary conditions, we can 
     * trivially extend the record.
     */
    if ((jo->fifo.windex & jo->fifo.mask) == wbase + osize) {
        availtoend = jo->fifo.size - wbase;
        avail = jo->fifo.size - (jo->fifo.windex - jo->fifo.xindex) + osize;
        KKASSERT((availtoend & 15) == 0);
        KKASSERT((avail & 15) == 0);
        if (nsize <= avail && nsize <= availtoend) {
            jo->fifo.windex += nsize - osize;
            rawp->recsize += bytes;
            return((char *)rawp + rawp->recsize - bytes);
        }
    }

    /*
     * It was not possible to extend the buffer.  Commit the current
     * buffer and create a new one.  We manually clear the BEGIN mark that
     * journal_reserve() creates (because this is a continuing record, not
     * the start of a new stream).
     */
    streamid = rawp->streamid & JREC_STREAMID_MASK;
    journal_commit(jo, rawpp, truncbytes, 0);
    rptr = journal_reserve(jo, rawpp, streamid, bytes);
    rawp = *rawpp;
    rawp->streamid &= ~JREC_STREAMCTL_BEGIN;
    *newstreamrecp = 1;
    return(rptr);
}

/*
 * Abort a journal record.  If the transaction record represents a stream
 * BEGIN and we can reverse the fifo's write index we can simply reverse
 * index the entire record, as if it were never reserved in the first place.
 *
 * Otherwise we set the JREC_STREAMCTL_ABORTED bit and commit the record
 * with the payload truncated to 0 bytes.
 */
static void
journal_abort(struct journal *jo, struct journal_rawrecbeg **rawpp)
{
    struct journal_rawrecbeg *rawp;
    int osize;

    rawp = *rawpp;
    osize = (rawp->recsize + 15) & ~15;

    if ((rawp->streamid & JREC_STREAMCTL_BEGIN) &&
        (jo->fifo.windex & jo->fifo.mask) == 
         (char *)rawp - jo->fifo.membase + osize)
    {
        jo->fifo.windex -= osize;
        *rawpp = NULL;
    } else {
        rawp->streamid |= JREC_STREAMCTL_ABORTED;
        journal_commit(jo, rawpp, 0, 1);
    }
}

/*
 * Commit a journal record and potentially truncate it to the specified
 * number of payload bytes.  If you do not want to truncate the record,
 * simply pass -1 for the bytes parameter.  Do not pass rawp->recsize, that
 * field includes header and trailer and will not be correct.  Note that
 * passing 0 will truncate the entire data payload of the record.
 *
 * The logical stream is terminated by this function.
 *
 * If truncation occurs, and it is not possible to physically optimize the
 * memory FIFO due to other threads having reserved space after ours,
 * the remaining reserved space will be covered by a pad record.
 */
static void
journal_commit(struct journal *jo, struct journal_rawrecbeg **rawpp,
                int bytes, int closeout)
{
    struct journal_rawrecbeg *rawp;
    struct journal_rawrecend *rendp;
    int osize;
    int nsize;

    rawp = *rawpp;
    *rawpp = NULL;

    KKASSERT((char *)rawp >= jo->fifo.membase &&
             (char *)rawp + rawp->recsize <= jo->fifo.membase + jo->fifo.size);
    KKASSERT(((intptr_t)rawp & 15) == 0);

    /*
     * Truncate the record if necessary.  If the FIFO write index as still
     * at the end of our record we can optimally backindex it.  Otherwise
     * we have to insert a pad record to cover the dead space.
     *
     * We calculate osize which is the 16-byte-aligned original recsize.
     * We calculate nsize which is the 16-byte-aligned new recsize.
     *
     * Due to alignment issues or in case the passed truncation bytes is
     * the same as the original payload, nsize may be equal to osize even
     * if the committed bytes is less then the originally reserved bytes.
     */
    if (bytes >= 0) {
        KKASSERT(bytes >= 0 && bytes <= rawp->recsize - sizeof(struct journal_rawrecbeg) - sizeof(struct journal_rawrecend));
        osize = (rawp->recsize + 15) & ~15;
        rawp->recsize = bytes + sizeof(struct journal_rawrecbeg) +
                        sizeof(struct journal_rawrecend);
        nsize = (rawp->recsize + 15) & ~15;
        KKASSERT(nsize <= osize);
        if (osize == nsize) {
            /* do nothing */
        } else if ((jo->fifo.windex & jo->fifo.mask) == (char *)rawp - jo->fifo.membase + osize) {
            /* we are able to backindex the fifo */
            jo->fifo.windex -= osize - nsize;
        } else {
            /* we cannot backindex the fifo, emplace a pad in the dead space */
            journal_build_pad((void *)((char *)rawp + nsize), osize - nsize);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Fill in the trailer.  Note that unlike pad records, the trailer will
     * never overlap the header.
     */
    rendp = (void *)((char *)rawp + 
            ((rawp->recsize + 15) & ~15) - sizeof(*rendp));
    rendp->endmagic = JREC_ENDMAGIC;
    rendp->recsize = rawp->recsize;
    rendp->check = 0;           /* XXX check word, disabled for now */

    /*
     * Fill in begmagic last.  This will allow the worker thread to proceed.
     * Use a memory barrier to guarentee write ordering.  Mark the stream
     * as terminated if closeout is set.  This is the typical case.
     */
    if (closeout)
        rawp->streamid |= JREC_STREAMCTL_END;
    cpu_mb1();                  /* memory barrier */
    rawp->begmagic = JREC_BEGMAGIC;

    journal_commit_wakeup(jo);
}

/************************************************************************
 *                      TRANSACTION SUPPORT ROUTINES                    *
 ************************************************************************
 *
 * JRECORD_*() - routines to create subrecord transactions and embed them
 *               in the logical streams managed by the journal_*() routines.
 */

static int16_t sid = JREC_STREAMID_JMIN;

/*
 * Initialize the passed jrecord structure and start a new stream transaction
 * by reserving an initial build space in the journal's memory FIFO.
 */
static void
jrecord_init(struct journal *jo, struct jrecord *jrec, int16_t streamid)
{
    bzero(jrec, sizeof(*jrec));
    jrec->jo = jo;
    if (streamid < 0) {
        streamid = sid++;       /* XXX need to track stream ids! */
        if (sid == JREC_STREAMID_JMAX)
            sid = JREC_STREAMID_JMIN;
    }
    jrec->streamid = streamid;
    jrec->stream_residual = JREC_DEFAULTSIZE;
    jrec->stream_reserved = jrec->stream_residual;
    jrec->stream_ptr = 
        journal_reserve(jo, &jrec->rawp, streamid, jrec->stream_reserved);
}

/*
 * Push a recursive record type.  All pushes should have matching pops.
 * The old parent is returned and the newly pushed record becomes the
 * new parent.  Note that the old parent's pointer may already be invalid
 * or may become invalid if jrecord_write() had to build a new stream
 * record, so the caller should not mess with the returned pointer in
 * any way other then to save it.
 */
static 
struct journal_subrecord *
jrecord_push(struct jrecord *jrec, int16_t rectype)
{
    struct journal_subrecord *save;

    save = jrec->parent;
    jrec->parent = jrecord_write(jrec, rectype|JMASK_NESTED, 0);
    jrec->last = NULL;
    KKASSERT(jrec->parent != NULL);
    ++jrec->pushcount;
    ++jrec->pushptrgood;        /* cleared on flush */
    return(save);
}

/*
 * Pop a previously pushed sub-transaction.  We must set JMASK_LAST
 * on the last record written within the subtransaction.  If the last 
 * record written is not accessible or if the subtransaction is empty,
 * we must write out a pad record with JMASK_LAST set before popping.
 *
 * When popping a subtransaction the parent record's recsize field
 * will be properly set.  If the parent pointer is no longer valid
 * (which can occur if the data has already been flushed out to the
 * stream), the protocol spec allows us to leave it 0.
 *
 * The saved parent pointer which we restore may or may not be valid,
 * and if not valid may or may not be NULL, depending on the value
 * of pushptrgood.
 */
static void
jrecord_pop(struct jrecord *jrec, struct journal_subrecord *save)
{
    struct journal_subrecord *last;

    KKASSERT(jrec->pushcount > 0);
    KKASSERT(jrec->residual == 0);

    /*
     * Set JMASK_LAST on the last record we wrote at the current
     * level.  If last is NULL we either no longer have access to the
     * record or the subtransaction was empty and we must write out a pad
     * record.
     */
    if ((last = jrec->last) == NULL) {
        jrecord_write(jrec, JLEAF_PAD|JMASK_LAST, 0);
        last = jrec->last;      /* reload after possible flush */
    } else {
        last->rectype |= JMASK_LAST;
    }

    /*
     * pushptrgood tells us how many levels of parent record pointers
     * are valid.  The jrec only stores the current parent record pointer
     * (and it is only valid if pushptrgood != 0).  The higher level parent
     * record pointers are saved by the routines calling jrecord_push() and
     * jrecord_pop().  These pointers may become stale and we determine
     * that fact by tracking the count of valid parent pointers with 
     * pushptrgood.  Pointers become invalid when their related stream
     * record gets pushed out.
     *
     * If no pointer is available (the data has already been pushed out),
     * then no fixup of e.g. the length field is possible for non-leaf
     * nodes.  The protocol allows for this situation by placing a larger
     * burden on the program scanning the stream on the other end.
     *
     * [parentA]
     *    [node X]
     *    [parentB]
     *       [node Y]
     *       [node Z]
     *    (pop B)       see NOTE B
     * (pop A)          see NOTE A
     *
     * NOTE B:  This pop sets LAST in node Z if the node is still accessible,
     *          else a PAD record is appended and LAST is set in that.
     *
     *          This pop sets the record size in parentB if parentB is still
     *          accessible, else the record size is left 0 (the scanner must
     *          deal with that).
     *
     *          This pop sets the new 'last' record to parentB, the pointer
     *          to which may or may not still be accessible.
     *
     * NOTE A:  This pop sets LAST in parentB if the node is still accessible,
     *          else a PAD record is appended and LAST is set in that.
     *
     *          This pop sets the record size in parentA if parentA is still
     *          accessible, else the record size is left 0 (the scanner must
     *          deal with that).
     *
     *          This pop sets the new 'last' record to parentA, the pointer
     *          to which may or may not still be accessible.
     *
     * Also note that the last record in the stream transaction, which in
     * the above example is parentA, does not currently have the LAST bit
     * set.
     *
     * The current parent becomes the last record relative to the
     * saved parent passed into us.  It's validity is based on 
     * whether pushptrgood is non-zero prior to decrementing.  The saved
     * parent becomes the new parent, and its validity is based on whether
     * pushptrgood is non-zero after decrementing.
     *
     * The old jrec->parent may be NULL if it is no longer accessible.
     * If pushptrgood is non-zero, however, it is guarenteed to not
     * be NULL (since no flush occured).
     */
    jrec->last = jrec->parent;
    --jrec->pushcount;
    if (jrec->pushptrgood) {
        KKASSERT(jrec->last != NULL && last != NULL);
        if (--jrec->pushptrgood == 0) {
            jrec->parent = NULL;        /* 'save' contains garbage or NULL */
        } else {
            KKASSERT(save != NULL);
            jrec->parent = save;        /* 'save' must not be NULL */
        }

        /*
         * Set the record size in the old parent.  'last' still points to
         * the original last record in the subtransaction being popped,
         * jrec->last points to the old parent (which became the last
         * record relative to the new parent being popped into).
         */
        jrec->last->recsize = (char *)last + last->recsize - (char *)jrec->last;
    } else {
        jrec->parent = NULL;
        KKASSERT(jrec->last == NULL);
    }
}

/*
 * Write out a leaf record, including associated data.
 */
static
void
jrecord_leaf(struct jrecord *jrec, int16_t rectype, void *ptr, int bytes)
{
    jrecord_write(jrec, rectype, bytes);
    jrecord_data(jrec, ptr, bytes);
}

/*
 * Write a leaf record out and return a pointer to its base.  The leaf
 * record may contain potentially megabytes of data which is supplied
 * in jrecord_data() calls.  The exact amount must be specified in this
 * call.
 *
 * THE RETURNED SUBRECORD POINTER IS ONLY VALID IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE
 * CALL AND MAY BECOME INVALID AT ANY TIME.  ONLY THE PUSH/POP CODE SHOULD
 * USE THE RETURN VALUE.
 */
static
struct journal_subrecord *
jrecord_write(struct jrecord *jrec, int16_t rectype, int bytes)
{
    struct journal_subrecord *last;
    int pusheditout;

    /*
     * Try to catch some obvious errors.  Nesting records must specify a
     * size of 0, and there should be no left-overs from previous operations
     * (such as incomplete data writeouts).
     */
    KKASSERT(bytes == 0 || (rectype & JMASK_NESTED) == 0);
    KKASSERT(jrec->residual == 0);

    /*
     * Check to see if the current stream record has enough room for
     * the new subrecord header.  If it doesn't we extend the current
     * stream record.
     *
     * This may have the side effect of pushing out the current stream record
     * and creating a new one.  We must adjust our stream tracking fields
     * accordingly.
     */
    if (jrec->stream_residual < sizeof(struct journal_subrecord)) {
        jrec->stream_ptr = journal_extend(jrec->jo, &jrec->rawp,
                                jrec->stream_reserved - jrec->stream_residual,
                                JREC_DEFAULTSIZE, &pusheditout);
        if (pusheditout) {
            jrec->stream_reserved = JREC_DEFAULTSIZE;
            jrec->stream_residual = JREC_DEFAULTSIZE;
            jrec->parent = NULL;        /* no longer accessible */
            jrec->pushptrgood = 0;      /* restored parents in pops no good */
        } else {
            jrec->stream_reserved += JREC_DEFAULTSIZE;
            jrec->stream_residual += JREC_DEFAULTSIZE;
        }
    }
    last = (void *)jrec->stream_ptr;
    last->rectype = rectype;
    last->reserved = 0;
    last->recsize = sizeof(struct journal_subrecord) + bytes;
    jrec->last = last;
    jrec->residual = bytes;             /* remaining data to be posted */
    jrec->residual_align = -bytes & 7;  /* post-data alignment required */
    return(last);
}

/*
 * Write out the data associated with a leaf record.  Any number of calls
 * to this routine may be made as long as the byte count adds up to the
 * amount originally specified in jrecord_write().
 *
 * The act of writing out the leaf data may result in numerous stream records
 * being pushed out.   Callers should be aware that even the associated
 * subrecord header may become inaccessible due to stream record pushouts.
 */
static void
jrecord_data(struct jrecord *jrec, const void *buf, int bytes)
{
    int pusheditout;
    int extsize;

    KKASSERT(bytes >= 0 && bytes <= jrec->residual);

    /*
     * Push out stream records as long as there is insufficient room to hold
     * the remaining data.
     */
    while (jrec->stream_residual < bytes) {
        /*
         * Fill in any remaining space in the current stream record.
         */
        bcopy(buf, jrec->stream_ptr, jrec->stream_residual);
        buf = (const char *)buf + jrec->stream_residual;
        bytes -= jrec->stream_residual;
        /*jrec->stream_ptr += jrec->stream_residual;*/
        jrec->residual -= jrec->stream_residual;
        jrec->stream_residual = 0;

        /*
         * Try to extend the current stream record, but no more then 1/4
         * the size of the FIFO.
         */
        extsize = jrec->jo->fifo.size >> 2;
        if (extsize > bytes)
            extsize = (bytes + 15) & ~15;

        jrec->stream_ptr = journal_extend(jrec->jo, &jrec->rawp,
                                jrec->stream_reserved - jrec->stream_residual,
                                extsize, &pusheditout);
        if (pusheditout) {
            jrec->stream_reserved = extsize;
            jrec->stream_residual = extsize;
            jrec->parent = NULL;        /* no longer accessible */
            jrec->last = NULL;          /* no longer accessible */
            jrec->pushptrgood = 0;      /* restored parents in pops no good */
        } else {
            jrec->stream_reserved += extsize;
            jrec->stream_residual += extsize;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Push out any remaining bytes into the current stream record.
     */
    if (bytes) {
        bcopy(buf, jrec->stream_ptr, bytes);
        jrec->stream_ptr += bytes;
        jrec->stream_residual -= bytes;
        jrec->residual -= bytes;
    }

    /*
     * Handle data alignment requirements for the subrecord.  Because the
     * stream record's data space is more strictly aligned, it must already
     * have sufficient space to hold any subrecord alignment slop.
     */
    if (jrec->residual == 0 && jrec->residual_align) {
        KKASSERT(jrec->residual_align <= jrec->stream_residual);
        bzero(jrec->stream_ptr, jrec->residual_align);
        jrec->stream_ptr += jrec->residual_align;
        jrec->stream_residual -= jrec->residual_align;
        jrec->residual_align = 0;
    }
}

/*
 * We are finished with the transaction.  This closes the transaction created
 * by jrecord_init().
 *
 * NOTE: If abortit is not set then we must be at the top level with no
 *       residual subrecord data left to output.
 *
 *       If abortit is set then we can be in any state, all pushes will be 
 *       popped and it is ok for there to be residual data.  This works 
 *       because the virtual stream itself is truncated.  Scanners must deal
 *       with this situation.
 *
 * The stream record will be committed or aborted as specified and jrecord
 * resources will be cleaned up.
 */
static void
jrecord_done(struct jrecord *jrec, int abortit)
{
    KKASSERT(jrec->rawp != NULL);

    if (abortit) {
        journal_abort(jrec->jo, &jrec->rawp);
    } else {
        KKASSERT(jrec->pushcount == 0 && jrec->residual == 0);
        journal_commit(jrec->jo, &jrec->rawp, 
                        jrec->stream_reserved - jrec->stream_residual, 1);
    }

    /*
     * jrec should not be used beyond this point without another init,
     * but clean up some fields to ensure that we panic if it is.
     *
     * Note that jrec->rawp is NULLd out by journal_abort/journal_commit.
     */
    jrec->jo = NULL;
    jrec->stream_ptr = NULL;
}

/************************************************************************
 *                      LOW LEVEL RECORD SUPPORT ROUTINES               *
 ************************************************************************
 *
 * These routine create low level recursive and leaf subrecords representing
 * common filesystem structures.
 */

/*
 * Write out a filename path relative to the base of the mount point.
 * rectype is typically JLEAF_PATH{1,2,3,4}.
 */
static void
jrecord_write_path(struct jrecord *jrec, int16_t rectype, struct namecache *ncp)
{
    char buf[64];       /* local buffer if it fits, else malloced */
    char *base;
    int pathlen;
    int index;
    struct namecache *scan;

    /*
     * Pass 1 - figure out the number of bytes required.  Include terminating
     *         \0 on last element and '/' separator on other elements.
     */
again:
    pathlen = 0;
    for (scan = ncp; 
         scan && (scan->nc_flag & NCF_MOUNTPT) == 0; 
         scan = scan->nc_parent
    ) {
        pathlen += scan->nc_nlen + 1;
    }

    if (pathlen <= sizeof(buf))
        base = buf;
    else
        base = malloc(pathlen, M_TEMP, M_INTWAIT);

    /*
     * Pass 2 - generate the path buffer
     */
    index = pathlen;
    for (scan = ncp; 
         scan && (scan->nc_flag & NCF_MOUNTPT) == 0; 
         scan = scan->nc_parent
    ) {
        if (scan->nc_nlen >= index) {
            if (base != buf)
                free(base, M_TEMP);
            goto again;
        }
        if (index == pathlen)
            base[--index] = 0;
        else
            base[--index] = '/';
        index -= scan->nc_nlen;
        bcopy(scan->nc_name, base + index, scan->nc_nlen);
    }
    jrecord_leaf(jrec, rectype, base + index, pathlen - index);
    if (base != buf)
        free(base, M_TEMP);
}

/*
 * Write out a file attribute structure.  While somewhat inefficient, using
 * a recursive data structure is the most portable and extensible way.
 */
static void
jrecord_write_vattr(struct jrecord *jrec, struct vattr *vat)
{
    void *save;

    save = jrecord_push(jrec, JTYPE_VATTR);
    if (vat->va_type != VNON)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_UID, &vat->va_type, sizeof(vat->va_type));
    if (vat->va_uid != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_UID, &vat->va_mode, sizeof(vat->va_mode));
    if (vat->va_nlink != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_NLINK, &vat->va_nlink, sizeof(vat->va_nlink));
    if (vat->va_uid != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_UID, &vat->va_uid, sizeof(vat->va_uid));
    if (vat->va_gid != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_GID, &vat->va_gid, sizeof(vat->va_gid));
    if (vat->va_fsid != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_FSID, &vat->va_fsid, sizeof(vat->va_fsid));
    if (vat->va_fileid != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_INUM, &vat->va_fileid, sizeof(vat->va_fileid));
    if (vat->va_size != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_SIZE, &vat->va_size, sizeof(vat->va_size));
    if (vat->va_atime.tv_sec != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_ATIME, &vat->va_atime, sizeof(vat->va_atime));
    if (vat->va_mtime.tv_sec != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_MTIME, &vat->va_mtime, sizeof(vat->va_mtime));
    if (vat->va_ctime.tv_sec != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_CTIME, &vat->va_ctime, sizeof(vat->va_ctime));
    if (vat->va_gen != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_GEN, &vat->va_gen, sizeof(vat->va_gen));
    if (vat->va_flags != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_FLAGS, &vat->va_flags, sizeof(vat->va_flags));
    if (vat->va_rdev != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_UDEV, &vat->va_rdev, sizeof(vat->va_rdev));
#if 0
    if (vat->va_filerev != VNOVAL)
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_FILEREV, &vat->va_filerev, sizeof(vat->va_filerev));
#endif
    jrecord_pop(jrec, save);
}

/*
 * Write out the creds used to issue a file operation.  If a process is
 * available write out additional tracking information related to the 
 * process.
 *
 * XXX additional tracking info
 * XXX tty line info
 */
static void
jrecord_write_cred(struct jrecord *jrec, struct thread *td, struct ucred *cred)
{
    void *save;
    struct proc *p;

    save = jrecord_push(jrec, JTYPE_CRED);
    jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_UID, &cred->cr_uid, sizeof(cred->cr_uid));
    jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_GID, &cred->cr_gid, sizeof(cred->cr_gid));
    if (td && (p = td->td_proc) != NULL) {
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_PID, &p->p_pid, sizeof(p->p_pid));
        jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_COMM, p->p_comm, sizeof(p->p_comm));
    }
    jrecord_pop(jrec, save);
}

/*
 * Write out information required to identify a vnode
 */
static void
jrecord_write_vnode_ref(struct jrecord *jrec, struct vnode *vp)
{
    /* XXX */
}

/*
 * Write out the data represented by a UIO.
 */
struct jwuio_info {
    struct jrecord *jrec;
    int16_t rectype;
};

static int jrecord_write_uio_callback(void *info, char *buf, int bytes);

static void
jrecord_write_uio(struct jrecord *jrec, int16_t rectype, struct uio *uio)
{
    struct jwuio_info info = { jrec, rectype };
    int error;

    jrecord_leaf(jrec, JLEAF_SEEKPOS, &uio->uio_offset, 
                 sizeof(uio->uio_offset));
    error = msf_uio_iterate(uio, jrecord_write_uio_callback, &info);
    if (error)
        printf("XXX warning uio iterate failed %d\n", error);
}

static int
jrecord_write_uio_callback(void *info_arg, char *buf, int bytes)
{
    struct jwuio_info *info = info_arg;

    jrecord_leaf(info->jrec, info->rectype, buf, bytes);
    return(0);
}

/************************************************************************
 *                      JOURNAL VNOPS                                   *
 ************************************************************************
 *
 * These are function shims replacing the normal filesystem ops.  We become
 * responsible for calling the underlying filesystem ops.  We have the choice
 * of executing the underlying op first and then generating the journal entry,
 * or starting the journal entry, executing the underlying op, and then
 * either completing or aborting it.  
 *
 * The journal is supposed to be a high-level entity, which generally means
 * identifying files by name rather then by inode.  Supplying both allows
 * the journal to be used both for inode-number-compatible 'mirrors' and
 * for simple filesystem replication.
 *
 * Writes are particularly difficult to deal with because a single write may
 * represent a hundred megabyte buffer or more, and both writes and truncations
 * require the 'old' data to be written out as well as the new data if the
 * log is reversable.  Other issues:
 *
 * - How to deal with operations on unlinked files (no path available),
 *   but which may still be filesystem visible due to hard links.
 *
 * - How to deal with modifications made via a memory map.
 *
 * - Future cache coherency support will require cache coherency API calls
 *   both prior to and after the call to the underlying VFS.
 *
 * ALSO NOTE: We do not have to shim compatibility VOPs like MKDIR which have
 * new VFS equivalents (NMKDIR).
 */

/*
 * Journal vop_settattr { a_vp, a_vap, a_cred, a_td }
 */
static
int
journal_setattr(struct vop_setattr_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_SETATTR);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, ap->a_td, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_vnode_ref(&jrec, ap->a_vp);
            jrecord_write_vattr(&jrec, ap->a_vap);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_write { a_vp, a_uio, a_ioflag, a_cred }
 */
static
int
journal_write(struct vop_write_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    struct uio uio_copy;
    struct iovec uio_one_iovec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    /*
     * This is really nasty.  UIO's don't retain sufficient information to
     * be reusable once they've gone through the VOP chain.  The iovecs get
     * cleared, so we have to copy the UIO.
     *
     * XXX fix the UIO code to not destroy iov's during a scan so we can
     *     reuse the uio over and over again.
     */
    uio_copy = *ap->a_uio;
    if (uio_copy.uio_iovcnt == 1) {
        uio_one_iovec = ap->a_uio->uio_iov[0];
        uio_copy.uio_iov = &uio_one_iovec;
    } else {
        uio_copy.uio_iov = malloc(uio_copy.uio_iovcnt * sizeof(struct iovec),
                                    M_JOURNAL, M_WAITOK);
        bcopy(ap->a_uio->uio_iov, uio_copy.uio_iov, 
                uio_copy.uio_iovcnt * sizeof(struct iovec));
    }

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_WRITE);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, NULL, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_vnode_ref(&jrec, ap->a_vp);
            jrecord_write_uio(&jrec, JLEAF_FILEDATA, &uio_copy);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }

    if (uio_copy.uio_iov != &uio_one_iovec)
        free(uio_copy.uio_iov, M_JOURNAL);


    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_fsync { a_vp, a_waitfor, a_td }
 */
static
int
journal_fsync(struct vop_fsync_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            /* XXX synchronize pending journal records */
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_putpages { a_vp, a_m, a_count, a_sync, a_rtvals, a_offset }
 */
static
int
journal_putpages(struct vop_putpages_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_PUTPAGES);
            jrecord_write_vnode_ref(&jrec, ap->a_vp);
            /* XXX pagelist */
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_setacl { a_vp, a_type, a_aclp, a_cred, a_td }
 */
static
int
journal_setacl(struct vop_setacl_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_SETACL);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, ap->a_td, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_vnode_ref(&jrec, ap->a_vp);
            /* XXX type, aclp */
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_setextattr { a_vp, a_name, a_uio, a_cred, a_td }
 */
static
int
journal_setextattr(struct vop_setextattr_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_SETEXTATTR);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, ap->a_td, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_vnode_ref(&jrec, ap->a_vp);
            jrecord_leaf(&jrec, JLEAF_ATTRNAME, ap->a_name, strlen(ap->a_name));
            jrecord_write_uio(&jrec, JLEAF_FILEDATA, ap->a_uio);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_ncreate { a_ncp, a_vpp, a_cred, a_vap }
 */
static
int
journal_ncreate(struct vop_ncreate_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_CREATE);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, NULL, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH1, ap->a_ncp);
            if (*ap->a_vpp)
                jrecord_write_vnode_ref(&jrec, *ap->a_vpp);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_nmknod { a_ncp, a_vpp, a_cred, a_vap }
 */
static
int
journal_nmknod(struct vop_nmknod_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_MKNOD);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, NULL, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH1, ap->a_ncp);
            jrecord_write_vattr(&jrec, ap->a_vap);
            if (*ap->a_vpp)
                jrecord_write_vnode_ref(&jrec, *ap->a_vpp);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_nlink { a_ncp, a_vp, a_cred }
 */
static
int
journal_nlink(struct vop_nlink_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_LINK);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, NULL, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH1, ap->a_ncp);
            jrecord_write_vnode_ref(&jrec, ap->a_vp);
            /* XXX PATH to VP and inode number */
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_symlink { a_ncp, a_vpp, a_cred, a_vap, a_target }
 */
static
int
journal_nsymlink(struct vop_nsymlink_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_SYMLINK);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, NULL, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH1, ap->a_ncp);
            jrecord_leaf(&jrec, JLEAF_SYMLINKDATA,
                        ap->a_target, strlen(ap->a_target));
            if (*ap->a_vpp)
                jrecord_write_vnode_ref(&jrec, *ap->a_vpp);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_nwhiteout { a_ncp, a_cred, a_flags }
 */
static
int
journal_nwhiteout(struct vop_nwhiteout_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_WHITEOUT);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, NULL, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH1, ap->a_ncp);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_nremove { a_ncp, a_cred }
 */
static
int
journal_nremove(struct vop_nremove_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_REMOVE);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, NULL, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH1, ap->a_ncp);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_nmkdir { a_ncp, a_vpp, a_cred, a_vap }
 */
static
int
journal_nmkdir(struct vop_nmkdir_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            if (jo->flags & MC_JOURNAL_WANT_REVERSABLE) {
                save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_UNDO);
                /* XXX undo operations */
                jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            }
#if 0
            if (jo->flags & MC_JOURNAL_WANT_AUDIT) {
                jrecord_write_audit(&jrec);
            }
#endif
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_MKDIR);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH1, ap->a_ncp);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, NULL, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_vattr(&jrec, ap->a_vap);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH1, ap->a_ncp);
            if (*ap->a_vpp)
                jrecord_write_vnode_ref(&jrec, *ap->a_vpp);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_nrmdir { a_ncp, a_cred }
 */
static
int
journal_nrmdir(struct vop_nrmdir_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_RMDIR);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, NULL, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH1, ap->a_ncp);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}

/*
 * Journal vop_nrename { a_fncp, a_tncp, a_cred }
 */
static
int
journal_nrename(struct vop_nrename_args *ap)
{
    struct mount *mp;
    struct journal *jo;
    struct jrecord jrec;
    void *save;         /* warning, save pointers do not always remain valid */
    int error;

    error = vop_journal_operate_ap(&ap->a_head);
    mp = ap->a_head.a_ops->vv_mount;
    if (error == 0) {
        TAILQ_FOREACH(jo, &mp->mnt_jlist, jentry) {
            jrecord_init(jo, &jrec, -1);
            save = jrecord_push(&jrec, JTYPE_RENAME);
            jrecord_write_cred(&jrec, NULL, ap->a_cred);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH1, ap->a_fncp);
            jrecord_write_path(&jrec, JLEAF_PATH2, ap->a_tncp);
            jrecord_pop(&jrec, save);
            jrecord_done(&jrec, 0);
        }
    }
    return (error);
}