2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
3 .\" Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996
4 .\" Keith Bostic. All rights reserved.
6 .\" This document may not be republished without written permission from
9 .\" See the LICENSE file for redistribution information.
11 .\" @(#)vi.1 8.51 (Berkeley) 10/10/96
12 .\" $FreeBSD: src/contrib/nvi/docs/USD.doc/vi.man/vi.1,v 1.4.6.1 2001/01/03 18:33:27 ben Exp $
14 .TH VI 1 "October 10, 1996"
17 ex, vi, view \- text editors
52 The vi program is freely redistributable. You are welcome to copy,
53 modify and share it with others under the conditions listed in the
54 LICENSE file. If any company (not individual!) finds vi sufficiently
55 useful that you would have purchased it, or if any company wishes to
56 redistribute it, contributions to the authors would be appreciated.
59 is a screen oriented text editor.
61 is a line-oriented text editor.
65 are different interfaces to the same program,
66 and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session.
68 is the equivalent of using the
73 This manual page is the one provided with the
79 are intended as bug-for-bug compatible replacements for the original
80 Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution (4BSD)
85 For the rest of this manual page,
87 is used only when it's necessary to distinguish it from the historic
91 This manual page is intended for users already familiar with
93 Anyone else should almost certainly read a good tutorial on the
94 editor before this manual page.
95 If you're in an unfamiliar environment, and you absolutely have to
96 get work done immediately, read the section after the options
97 description, entitled ``Fast Startup''.
98 It's probably enough to get you going.
100 The following options are available:
105 immediately after starting the edit session.
106 Particularly useful for initial positioning in the file, however
108 is not limited to positioning commands.
109 This is the POSIX 1003.2 interface for the historic ``+cmd'' syntax.
111 supports both the old and new syntax.
114 Start editing in ex mode, as if the command name were
118 Don't copy the entire file when first starting to edit.
119 (The default is to make a copy in case someone else modifies
120 the file during your edit session.)
123 Start editing with the lisp and showmatch options set.
126 Start editing in gtags mode, as if the gtagsmode option was set.
129 Start editing in read-only mode, as if the command name was
136 Recover the specified files, or, if no files are specified,
137 list the files that could be recovered.
138 If no recoverable files by the specified name exist,
139 the file is edited as if the
141 option had not been specified.
146 edit option set, disallowing all access to external programs.
149 Enter batch mode; applicable only to
152 Batch mode is useful when running
155 Prompts, informative messages and other user oriented message
157 and no startup files or environment variables are read.
158 This is the POSIX 1003.2 interface for the historic ``\-'' argument.
160 supports both the old and new syntax.
163 Start editing at the specified tag.
168 Set the initial window size to the specified number of lines.
171 Start editing in vi mode, as if the command name was
178 is read from the standard input.
181 interface, it is an error if standard input is not a terminal.
184 interface, if standard input is not a terminal,
186 will read commands from it regardless, however, the session will be a
187 batch mode session, exactly as if the
189 option had been specified.
192 exits 0 on success, and greater than 0 if an error occurs.
194 This section will tell you the minimum amount that you need to
195 do simple editing tasks using
197 If you've never used any screen editor before, you're likely to have
198 problems even with this simple introduction.
199 In that case you should find someone that already knows
201 and have them walk you through this section.
205 This means that it takes up almost the entire screen, displaying part
206 of the file on each screen line, except for the last line of the screen.
207 The last line of the screen is used for you to give commands to
211 to give information to you.
213 The other fact that you need to understand is that
215 is a modeful editor, i.e. you are either entering text or you
216 are executing commands, and you have to be in the right mode
217 to do one or the other.
218 You will be in command mode when you first start editing a file.
219 There are commands that switch you into input mode.
220 There is only one key that takes you out of input mode,
221 and that is the <escape> key.
222 (Key names are written using less-than and greater-than signs, e.g.
223 <escape> means the ``escape'' key, usually labeled ``esc'' on your
224 terminal's keyboard.)
225 If you're ever confused as to which mode you're in,
226 keep entering the <escape> key until
231 will beep at you if you try and do something that's not allowed.
232 It will also display error messages.)
234 To start editing a file, enter the command ``vi file_name<carriage-return>''.
235 The command you should enter as soon as you start editing is
236 ``:set verbose showmode<carriage-return>''.
237 This will make the editor give you verbose error messages and display
238 the current mode at the bottom of the screen.
240 The commands to move around the file are:
243 Move the cursor left one character.
246 Move the cursor down one line.
249 Move the cursor up one line.
252 Move the cursor right one character.
255 The cursor arrow keys should work, too.
257 .B /text<carriage-return>
258 Search for the string ``text'' in the file,
259 and move the cursor to its first character.
261 The commands to enter new text are:
274 Open a new line below the line the cursor is on, and start
278 Open a new line above the line the cursor is on, and start
282 Once you've entered input mode using the one of the
290 to quit entering text and return to command mode.
292 The commands to copy text are:
295 Copy the line the cursor is on.
298 Append the copied line after the line the cursor is on.
300 The commands to delete text are:
303 Delete the line the cursor is on.
306 Delete the character the cursor is on.
308 The commands to write the file are:
310 .B :w<carriage-return>
311 Write the file back to the file with the name that you originally used
312 as an argument on the
316 .B ":w file_name<carriage-return>"
317 Write the file back to the file with the name ``file_name''.
319 The commands to quit editing and exit the editor are:
321 .B :q<carriage-return>
322 Quit editing and leave vi (if you've modified the file, but not
325 will refuse to quit).
327 .B :q!<carriage-return>
328 Quit, discarding any modifications that you may have made.
331 Unusual characters can take up more than one column on the screen,
332 and long lines can take up more than a single screen line.
333 The above commands work on ``physical'' characters and lines,
334 i.e. they affect the entire line no matter how many screen lines it
335 takes up and the entire character no matter how many screen columns
338 The following section describes the commands available in the command
342 In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command
346 .B "[count] <control-A>"
349 times for the current word.
351 .B "[count] <control-B>"
356 .B "[count] <control-D>"
361 .B "[count] <control-E>"
364 lines, leaving the current line and column as is, if possible.
366 .B "[count] <control-F>"
372 Display the file information.
379 characters in the current line.
381 .B "[count] <control-J>"
383 .B "[count] <control-N>"
388 lines without changing the current column.
395 .B "[count] <control-M>"
400 lines to the first nonblank character of that line.
402 .B "[count] <control-P>"
407 lines, without changing the current column.
410 Return to the most recent tag context.
418 Switch to the next lower screen in the window, or, to the first
419 screen if there are no lower screens in the window.
424 lines, leaving the current line and column as is, if possible.
427 Suspend the current editor session.
432 commands or cancel partial commands.
435 Push a tag reference onto the tag stack.
436 In gtagsmode, if at the first column of line,
437 locate function references otherwise function definitions.
440 Switch to the most recently edited file.
445 Move the cursor forward
447 characters without changing the current line.
449 .B "[count] ! motion shell-argument(s)"
450 Replace text with results from a shell command.
453 Increment or decrement the cursor number.
456 Move the cursor to the end of a line.
459 Move to the matching character.
462 Repeat the previous substitution command on the current line.
467 Return to a context marked by the character
481 Reverse find character
486 Move to first nonblank of the previous line,
493 command that modified text.
495 .B "/RE<carriage-return>"
497 .B "/RE/ [offset]<carriage-return>"
499 .B "?RE<carriage-return>"
501 .B "?RE? [offset]<carriage-return>"
506 Search forward or backward for a regular expression.
509 Move to the first character in the current line.
512 Execute an ex command.
515 Repeat the last character find
519 .B "[count] < motion"
521 .B "[count] > motion"
522 Shift lines left or right.
525 Execute a named buffer.
528 Enter input mode, appending the text after the end of the line.
535 .B "[buffer] [count] C"
536 Change text from the current position to the end-of-line.
539 Delete text from the current position to the end-of-line.
546 .B "[count] F <character>"
549 times backward through the current line for
555 or the last line of the file if
560 Move to the screen line
562 lines below the top of the screen.
565 Enter input mode, inserting the text at the beginning of the line.
571 Move to the screen line
573 lines above the bottom of the screen.
576 Move to the screen line in the middle of the screen.
579 Enter input mode, appending text in a new line above the current line.
582 Insert text from a buffer.
587 (or visual) mode and switch to
592 Enter input mode, replacing the characters in the current line.
594 .B "[buffer] [count] S"
599 .B "[count] T <character>"
603 through the current line for the character
609 Restore the current line to its state before the cursor last
617 .B "[buffer] [count] X"
620 characters before the cursor.
622 .B "[buffer] [count] Y"
625 lines into the specified buffer.
628 Write the file and exit
642 Move to first nonblank character on the current line.
647 lines, to the first nonblank character.
650 Enter input mode, appending the text after the cursor.
657 .B "[buffer] [count] c motion"
658 Change a region of text.
660 .B "[buffer] [count] d motion"
661 Delete a region of text.
668 .B "[count] f<character>"
671 times, through the rest of the current line for
675 Enter input mode, inserting the text before the cursor.
678 Save the current context (line and column) as
682 Enter input mode, appending text in a new line under the current line.
685 Append text from a buffer.
687 .B "[count] r <character>"
692 .B "[buffer] [count] s"
695 characters in the current line starting with the current character.
697 .B "[count] t <character>"
700 times, through the current line for the character immediately
705 Undo the last change made to the file.
712 .B "[buffer] [count] x"
717 .B "[buffer] [count] y motion"
719 a text region specified by the
721 and motion into a buffer.
723 .B "[count1] z [count2] -|.|+|^|<carriage-return>"
724 Redraw, optionally repositioning and resizing the screen.
734 position on the current line.
742 Reverse the case of the next
746 .B "[count] ~ motion"
747 Reverse the case of the characters in a text region specified by the
753 Interrupt the current operation.
754 .SH VI TEXT INPUT COMMANDS
755 The following section describes the commands available in the text
762 Replay the previous input.
765 Erase to the previous
770 Erase all of the autoindent characters, and reset the autoindent level.
773 Erase all of the autoindent characters.
780 characters to move forward to the next
787 Erase the last character.
790 Quote the next character.
793 Resolve all text input into the file, and return to command mode.
796 Erase the current line.
802 The definition of word is dependent on the
808 .B "<control-X>[0-9A-Fa-f]+"
809 Insert a character with the specified hexadecimal value into the text.
812 Interrupt text input mode, returning to command mode.
814 The following section describes the commands available in the
817 In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command.
825 .B "[range]! argument(s)"
826 Execute a shell command, or filter lines through a shell command.
831 .B "[range] nu[mber] [count] [flags]"
833 .B "[range] # [count] [flags]"
834 Display the selected lines, each preceded with its line number.
841 .B "[line] a[ppend][!]"
842 The input text is appended after the specified line.
844 .B "[range] c[hange][!] [count]"
845 The input text replaces the specified range.
847 .B "cs[cope] add | find | help | kill | reset"
848 Execute a Cscope command.
850 .B "[range] d[elete] [buffer] [count] [flags]"
851 Delete the lines from the file.
853 .B "di[splay] b[uffers] | c[onnections] | s[creens] | t[ags]"
854 Display buffers, Cscope connections, screens or tags.
856 .B "[Ee][dit][!] [+cmd] [file]"
858 .B "[Ee]x[!] [+cmd] [file]"
859 Edit a different file.
861 .B "exu[sage] [command]"
867 Display and optionally change the file name.
872 Foreground the specified screen.
874 .B "[range] g[lobal] /pattern/ [commands]"
876 .B "[range] v /pattern/ [commands]"
877 Apply commands to lines matching (or not matching) a pattern.
880 Display a help message.
882 .B "[line] i[nsert][!]"
883 The input text is inserted before the specified line.
885 .B "[range] j[oin][!] [count] [flags]"
886 Join lines of text together.
888 .B "[range] l[ist] [count] [flags]"
889 Display the lines unambiguously.
891 .B "map[!] [lhs rhs]"
892 Define or display maps (for
896 .B "[line] ma[rk] <character>"
898 .B "[line] k <character>"
899 Mark the line with the mark
902 .B "[range] m[ove] line"
903 Move the specified lines after the target line.
905 .B "mk[exrc][!] file"
906 Write the abbreviations, editor options and maps to the specified
909 .B "[Nn][ext][!] [file ...]"
910 Edit the next file from the argument list.
912 .B "[line] o[pen] /pattern/ [flags]"
916 Save the file in a form that can later be recovered using the
921 .B "[Pp]rev[ious][!]"
922 Edit the previous file from the argument list.
924 .B "[range] p[rint] [count] [flags]"
925 Display the specified lines.
927 .B "[line] pu[t] [buffer]"
928 Append buffer contents to the current line.
931 End the editing session.
933 .B "[line] r[ead][!] [file]"
939 if it was previously saved.
941 .B "res[ize] [+|-]size"
944 Grow or shrink the current screen.
947 Rewind the argument list.
949 .B "rta[g][!] tagstring"
950 Edit the file referring the specified tag. (Only in gtagsmode)
952 .B "se[t] [option[=[value]] ...] [nooption ...] [option? ...] [all]"
953 Display or set editor options.
961 commands from a file.
963 .B "[range] s[ubstitute] [/pattern/replace/] [options] [count] [flags]"
965 .B "[range] & [options] [count] [flags]"
967 .B "[range] ~ [options] [count] [flags]"
975 Suspend the edit session.
977 .B "[Tt]a[g][!] tagstring"
978 Edit the file containing the specified tag.
981 Edit the file containing the next context for the current tag.
983 .B "tagp[op][!] [file | number]"
984 Pop to the specified tag in the tags stack.
987 Edit the file containing the previous context for the current tag.
990 Unmap a mapped string.
993 Display the version of the
997 .B "[line] vi[sual] [type] [count] [flags]"
1003 .B "[Vi]i[sual][!] [+cmd] [file]"
1008 .B "viu[sage] [command]"
1013 .B "[range] w[rite][!] [>>] [file]"
1015 .B "[range] w[rite] [!] [file]"
1017 .B "[range] wn[!] [>>] [file]"
1019 .B "[range] wq[!] [>>] [file]"
1022 .B "[range] x[it][!] [file]"
1023 Write the file if it has been modified.
1025 .B "[range] ya[nk] [buffer] [count]"
1026 Copy the specified lines to a buffer.
1028 .B "[line] z [type] [count] [flags]"
1031 There are a large number of options that may be set (or unset) to
1032 change the editor's behavior.
1033 This section describes the options, their abbreviations and their
1036 In each entry below, the first part of the tag line is the full name
1037 of the option, followed by any equivalent abbreviations.
1038 The part in square brackets is the default value of the option.
1039 Most of the options are boolean, i.e. they are either on or off,
1040 and do not have an associated value.
1042 Options apply to both
1046 modes, unless otherwise specified.
1049 .B "altwerase [off]"
1052 Select an alternate word erase algorithm.
1054 .B "autoindent, ai [off]"
1055 Automatically indent new lines.
1057 .B "autoprint, ap [off]"
1060 Display the current line automatically.
1062 .B "autowrite, aw [off]"
1063 Write modified files automatically when changing files.
1064 .\" I cannot get a double quote to print between the square brackets
1065 .\" to save my life. The ONLY way I've been able to get this to work
1066 .\" is with the .tr command.
1072 Backup files before they are overwritten.
1074 .B "beautify, bf [off]"
1075 Discard control characters.
1077 .B "cdpath [environment variable CDPATH, or current directory]"
1078 The directory paths used as path prefixes for the
1082 .B "cedit [no default]"
1083 Set the character to edit the colon command-line history.
1085 .B "columns, co [80]"
1086 Set the number of columns in the screen.
1091 Skip leading comments in shell, C and C++ language files.
1093 .B "directory, dir [environment variable TMPDIR, or /tmp]"
1094 The directory where temporary files are created.
1096 .B "edcompatible, ed [off]"
1097 Remember the values of the ``c'' and ``g'' suffices to the
1099 commands, instead of initializing them as unset for each new
1102 .B "errorbells, eb [off]"
1105 Announce error messages with a bell.
1108 Read the startup files in the local directory.
1111 Regular expressions are extended (i.e.
1115 .B "filec [no default]"
1116 Set the character to perform file path completion on the colon
1120 Flash the screen instead of beeping the keyboard on error.
1122 .B "gtagsmode, gt [off]"
1123 Use GTAGS and GRTAGS instead of tags.
1125 .B "hardtabs, ht [8]"
1126 Set the spacing between hardware tab settings.
1129 Makes all Regular Expressions case-insensitive,
1130 as long as an upper-case letter does not appear in the search string.
1132 .B "ignorecase, ic [off]"
1133 Ignore case differences in regular expressions.
1136 The 10th's of a second
1138 waits for a subsequent key to complete a key mapping.
1140 .B "leftright [off]"
1143 Do left-right scrolling.
1148 Set the number of lines in the screen.
1153 Modify various search commands and options to work with Lisp.
1154 .I "This option is not yet implemented."
1157 Display lines in an unambiguous fashion.
1160 Attempt to get an exclusive lock on any file being edited,
1164 Treat certain characters specially in regular expressions.
1169 The 10th's of a second
1171 pauses on the matching character when the
1176 Permit messages from other users.
1178 .B "modelines, modeline [off]"
1179 Read the first and last few lines of each file for
1182 .I "This option will never be implemented."
1183 .\" I cannot get a double quote to print between the square brackets
1184 .\" to save my life. The ONLY way I've been able to get this to work
1185 .\" is with the .tr command.
1191 Characters that are never handled as printable characters.
1193 .B "number, nu [off]"
1194 Precede each line displayed with its current line number.
1197 Display unknown characters as octal numbers, instead of the default
1203 If this option is not set, the
1207 commands are disallowed.
1209 .B "optimize, opt [on]"
1212 Optimize text throughput to dumb terminals.
1213 .I "This option is not yet implemented."
1215 .B "paragraphs, para [IPLPPPQPP LIpplpipbp]"
1218 Define additional paragraph boundaries for the
1225 Define additional directories to search for files being edited.
1226 .\" I cannot get a double quote to print between the square brackets
1227 .\" to save my life. The ONLY way I've been able to get this to work
1228 .\" is with the .tr command.
1234 Characters that are always handled as printable characters.
1239 Display a command prompt.
1241 .B "readonly, ro [off]"
1242 Mark the file and session as read-only.
1244 .B "recdir [/var/tmp/vi.recover]"
1245 The directory where recovery files are stored.
1247 .B "redraw, re [off]"
1250 Simulate an intelligent terminal on a dumb one.
1251 .I "This option is not yet implemented."
1254 Remap keys until resolved.
1257 Set the number of lines about which the editor reports changes
1263 Display a row/column ruler on the colon command line.
1265 .B "scroll, scr [window / 2]"
1266 Set the number of lines scrolled.
1268 .B "searchincr [off]"
1273 commands incremental.
1275 .B "sections, sect [NHSHH HUnhsh]"
1278 Define additional section boundaries for the
1285 Turns off all access to external programs.
1287 .B "shell, sh [environment variable SHELL, or /bin/sh]"
1288 Select the shell used by the editor.
1289 .\" I cannot get a double quote to print between the square brackets
1290 .\" to save my life. The ONLY way I've been able to get this to work
1291 .\" is with the .tr command.
1293 .ds ms shellmeta [~{[*?$`'Q\e]
1297 Set the meta characters checked to determine if file name expansion
1300 .B "shiftwidth, sw [8]"
1301 Set the autoindent and shift command indentation width.
1303 .B "showmatch, sm [off]"
1306 Note matching ``{'' and ``('' for ``}'' and ``)'' characters.
1308 .B "showmode, smd [off]"
1311 Display the current editor mode and a ``modified'' flag.
1313 .B "sidescroll [16]"
1316 Set the amount a left-right scroll will shift.
1318 .B "slowopen, slow [off]"
1319 Delay display updating during text input.
1320 .I "This option is not yet implemented."
1322 .B "sourceany [off]"
1323 Read startup files not owned by the current user.
1324 .I "This option will never be implemented."
1326 .B "tabstop, ts [8]"
1327 This option sets tab widths for the editor display.
1329 .B "taglength, tl [0]"
1330 Set the number of significant characters in tag names.
1332 .B "tags, tag [tags /var/db/libc.tags /sys/kern/tags]"
1333 Set the list of tags files.
1335 .B "term, ttytype, tty [environment variable TERM]"
1336 Set the terminal type.
1339 This option has historically made editor messages less verbose.
1340 It has no effect in this implementation.
1345 command to take an associated motion.
1347 .B "timeout, to [on]"
1348 Time out on keys which may be mapped.
1350 .B "ttywerase [off]"
1353 Select an alternate erase algorithm.
1358 Display an error message for every error.
1360 .B "w300 [no default]"
1363 Set the window size if the baud rate is less than 1200 baud.
1365 .B "w1200 [no default]"
1368 Set the window size if the baud rate is equal to 1200 baud.
1370 .B "w9600 [no default]"
1373 Set the window size if the baud rate is greater than 1200 baud.
1378 This option causes a warning message to the terminal if the file has
1379 been modified, since it was last written, before a
1383 .B "window, w, wi [environment variable LINES]"
1384 Set the window size for the screen.
1386 .B "windowname [off]"
1387 Change the icon/window name to the current file name even if it can't
1388 be restored on editor exit.
1390 .B "wraplen, wl [0]"
1393 Break lines automatically, the specified number of columns from the
1399 edit options are set, the
1403 .B "wrapmargin, wm [0]"
1406 Break lines automatically, the specified number of columns from the
1412 edit options are set, the
1416 .B "wrapscan, ws [on]"
1417 Set searches to wrap around the end or beginning of the file.
1419 .B "writeany, wa [off]"
1420 Turn off file-overwriting checks.
1421 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1424 The number of columns on the screen.
1425 This value overrides any system or terminal specific values.
1428 environment variable is not set when
1432 option is explicitly reset by the user,
1434 enters the value into the environment.
1439 startup commands, read if the variable
1444 The user's home directory, used as the initial directory path
1445 for the startup ``$\fIHOME\fP/.nexrc'' and ``$\fIHOME\fP/.exrc''
1447 This value is also used as the default directory for the
1453 The number of rows on the screen.
1454 This value overrides any system or terminal specific values.
1457 environment variable is not set when
1461 option is explicitly reset by the user,
1463 enters the value into the environment.
1471 The user's shell of choice (see also the
1476 The user's terminal type.
1477 The default is the type ``unknown''.
1480 environment variable is not set when
1484 option is explicitly reset by the user,
1486 enters the value into the environment.
1489 The location used to stored temporary files (see also the
1492 .SH ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
1496 uses this signal for periodic backups of file modifications and to
1497 display ``busy'' messages when operations are likely to take a long time.
1502 If the current buffer has changed since it was last written in its
1503 entirety, the editor attempts to save the modified file so it can
1507 Reference manual section entitled ``Recovery'' for more information.
1510 When an interrupt occurs,
1511 the current operation is halted,
1512 and the editor returns to the command level.
1513 If interrupted during text input,
1514 the text already input is resolved into the file as if the text
1515 input had been normally terminated.
1518 The screen is resized.
1521 Reference manual section entitled ``Sizing the Screen'' for more information.
1529 ignores these signals.
1533 The default user shell.
1536 System-wide vi startup file.
1539 Temporary file directory.
1542 The default recovery file directory.
1545 1st choice for user's home directory startup file.
1548 2nd choice for user's home directory startup file.
1551 1st choice for local directory startup file.
1554 2nd choice for local directory startup file.
1561 The ``Vi Quick Reference'' card.
1563 ``An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi'', found in the
1564 ``UNIX User's Manual Supplementary Documents''
1565 section of both the 4.3BSD and 4.4BSD manual sets.
1566 This document is the closest thing available to an introduction to the
1570 ``Ex Reference Manual (Version 3.7)'',
1572 ``UNIX User's Manual Supplementary Documents''
1573 section of both the 4.3BSD and 4.4BSD manual sets.
1574 This document is the final reference for the
1576 editor, as distributed in most historic 4BSD and System V systems.
1578 ``Edit: A tutorial'',
1580 ``UNIX User's Manual Supplementary Documents''
1581 section of the 4.3BSD manual set.
1582 This document is an introduction to a simple version of the
1586 ``Ex/Vi Reference Manual'',
1588 ``UNIX User's Manual Supplementary Documents''
1589 section of the 4.4BSD manual set.
1590 This document is the final reference for the
1592 text editors, as distributed in 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite.
1595 source for all of these documents is distributed with
1603 The files ``autowrite'', ``input'', ``quoting'' and ``structures''
1605 .I nvi/docs/internals
1612 replacements for the
1614 editor first appeared in 4.4BSD.
1617 is close to IEEE Std1003.2 (``POSIX'').
1618 That document differs from historical
1620 practice in several places; there are changes to be made on both sides.
projects / dragonfly.git / blob