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32 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/systat/systat.1,v 1.23.2.9 2002/12/29 16:35:40 schweikh Exp $
40 .Nd display system statistics on a crt
44 .Op Ar refresh-interval
48 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
49 using the curses screen display library,
54 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
55 is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
56 upper window depicts the current system load average. The
57 information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
58 user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user
59 input and error messages.
63 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
64 in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk
68 virtual memory statistics (a la
70 network ``mbuf'' utilization,
73 and network connections (a la
76 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
77 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
78 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
79 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This
80 allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
83 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
100 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
104 .It Ar refresh-interval
107 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
110 Certain characters cause immediate action by
117 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
118 the lower window and the refresh interval.
120 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
121 line typed as a command. While entering a command the
122 current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
126 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
130 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
132 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
135 Stop refreshing the screen.
140 Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric,
141 argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
143 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
148 (This may be abbreviated to
152 The available displays are:
155 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
156 memory and getting the
157 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
158 When less than 100% of the
159 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
160 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
162 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
163 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
165 The left half of the screen displays information about received
166 packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
171 display understands two commands:
177 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
178 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
180 show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
183 show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
185 show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
187 show the absolute value of each statistic
192 command resets the baseline for
196 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
199 Otherwise identical to the
201 display, except that it displays
213 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
214 and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as
215 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
216 in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
217 system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
218 and idle (``idle''). Statistics
219 on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
220 average number of disk transactions per second, and
221 average kilobytes of data per transaction. This information may be
222 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar
223 graphs are shown by default.
225 The following commands are specific to the
227 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
229 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
233 statistics in numeric form. Values are
234 displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
238 statistics in bar graph form (default).
240 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
242 not display kilobytes per transaction).
245 Show information about swap space usage on all the
246 swap areas compiled into the kernel.
247 The first column is the device name of the partition.
248 The next column is the total space available in the partition.
251 column indicates the total blocks used so far;
252 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
253 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
254 a total line is also shown.
255 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
257 Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
258 for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
260 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
261 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
262 device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk
266 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
267 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
268 and fifteen minute intervals.
269 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
270 The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
271 active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
273 The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
274 The first column reports on the number of physical pages
275 claimed by processes.
276 The second column reports the number of physical pages that
277 are devoted to read only text pages.
278 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
279 virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
280 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
281 Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages
284 Below the memory display is a list of the
285 average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
286 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
287 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
288 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
289 The row also shows the average number of context switches
290 (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
291 interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
294 Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
295 a bar graph showing the amount of
296 system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
297 nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
299 Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
300 It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
301 the number and percentage of the translations that were
302 handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
303 the number and percentage of the translations that were
304 handled by the per process name translation cache.
306 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
307 It reports the number of
308 kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
309 per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
310 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
311 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device. In general, up
312 to seven devices are displayed. The devices displayed by default are the
313 first devices in the kernel's device list. See
317 for details on the devstat system.
319 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
320 on paging and swapping activity.
321 The first two columns report the average number of pages
322 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
323 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
324 The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
325 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
326 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
327 The first row of the display shows the average
328 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
329 the second row of the display shows the average
330 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
332 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
333 memory system which list the average number of
334 pages copied on write (`cow'),
335 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
336 slow (on-the-fly) zero fills percentage (`%slo-z'),
337 pages wired down (`wire'),
338 active pages (`act'),
339 inactive pages (`inact'),
340 pages on the buffer cache queue (`cache'),
341 number of free pages (`free'),
342 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
343 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
344 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
345 times the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
346 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
348 intransit blocking page faults (`intrn')
349 per second over the refresh interval.
351 At the bottom of this column are lines showing the
352 amount of memory, in kilobytes, used for the buffer cache (`buf'),
353 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dirtybuf'),
354 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desiredvnodes') (mostly unused,
355 except to size the name cache),
356 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvnodes'),
358 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`freevnodes').
360 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
361 of the interrupts being handled by the system.
362 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
363 over the time interval.
364 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
366 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
368 The following commands are specific to the
370 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
372 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
374 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
376 Display statistics as a running total from the point this
379 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
381 Toggle the display of fd devices in the disk usage display.
383 Reset running statistics to zero.
386 Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default,
387 network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address
388 is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
389 when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
390 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
391 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
393 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
395 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
396 is the equivalent of the
401 Display network addresses numerically.
403 Display network addresses symbolically.
404 .It Cm proto Ar protocol
405 Display only network connections using the indicated
407 Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
408 .It Cm ignore Op Ar items
409 Do not display information about connections associated with
410 the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified
411 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses
412 use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items
413 may be specified with a single command by separating them with
415 .It Cm display Op Ar items
416 Display information about the connections associated with the
417 specified hosts or ports. As for
420 may be names or numbers.
421 .It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
422 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
423 hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored
424 are prefixed with a `!'. If
428 is supplied as an argument to
430 then only the requested information will be displayed.
432 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
433 (any protocol, port, or host).
437 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
438 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
439 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
440 insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10
443 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When
444 a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
445 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
447 The following commands are common to each display which shows
448 information about disk drives. These commands are used to
449 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
450 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
453 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
454 .It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
455 Do not display information about the drives indicated. Multiple
456 drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
457 .It Cm display Op Ar drives
458 Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple drives
459 may be specified, separated by spaces.
460 .It Cm only Op Ar drives
461 Display only the specified drives. Multiple drives may be specified,
464 Display a list of available devices.
466 .Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
469 Display devices matching the given pattern. The basic matching
470 expressions are the same as those used in
472 with one difference. Instead of specifying multiple
474 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
475 matching expressions joined by the pipe
479 separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
480 then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together. Any
481 device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
482 to display it. For example:
484 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
486 This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
488 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
490 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
491 and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
503 .Bl -tag -width /etc/networks -compact
507 For information in main memory.
527 the notion of having different display modes for the
533 statistics was stolen from the
541 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
544 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
545 a separate display rather than created as a new program).