1 .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
5 .\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
6 .\" on Information Processing Systems.
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32 .\" @(#)printf.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: head/lib/libc/stdio/wprintf.3 208027 2010-05-13 12:07:55Z uqs $
39 .Nm wprintf , fwprintf , swprintf ,
40 .Nm vwprintf , vfwprintf , vswprintf
41 .Nd formatted wide character output conversion
48 .Fn fwprintf "FILE * restrict stream" "const wchar_t * restrict format" ...
50 .Fn swprintf "wchar_t * restrict ws" "size_t n" "const wchar_t * restrict format" ...
52 .Fn wprintf "const wchar_t * restrict format" ...
55 .Fn vfwprintf "FILE * restrict stream" "const wchar_t * restrict format" "va_list ap"
57 .Fn vswprintf "wchar_t * restrict ws" "size_t n" "const wchar_t *restrict format" "va_list ap"
59 .Fn vwprintf "const wchar_t * restrict format" "va_list ap"
63 family of functions produces output according to a
73 the standard output stream;
77 write output to the given output
82 write to the wide character string
85 These functions write the output under the control of a
87 string that specifies how subsequent arguments
88 (or arguments accessed via the variable-length argument facilities of
90 are converted for output.
92 These functions return the number of characters printed
93 (not including the trailing
95 used to end output to strings).
101 functions will fail if
103 or more wide characters were requested to be written,
105 The format string is composed of zero or more directives:
109 which are copied unchanged to the output stream;
110 and conversion specifications, each of which results
111 in fetching zero or more subsequent arguments.
112 Each conversion specification is introduced by
116 The arguments must correspond properly (after type promotion)
117 with the conversion specifier.
120 the following appear in sequence:
123 An optional field, consisting of a decimal digit string followed by a
125 specifying the next argument to access.
126 If this field is not provided, the argument following the last
127 argument accessed will be used.
128 Arguments are numbered starting at
130 If unaccessed arguments in the format string are interspersed with ones that
131 are accessed the results will be indeterminate.
133 Zero or more of the following flags:
134 .Bl -tag -width ".So \ Sc (space)"
136 The value should be converted to an
139 .Cm c , d , i , n , p , s ,
142 conversions, this option has no effect.
145 conversions, the precision of the number is increased to force the first
146 character of the output string to a zero (except if a zero value is printed
147 with an explicit precision of zero).
152 conversions, a non-zero result has the string
158 conversions) prepended to it.
160 .Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g ,
163 conversions, the result will always contain a decimal point, even if no
164 digits follow it (normally, a decimal point appears in the results of
165 those conversions only if a digit follows).
170 conversions, trailing zeros are not removed from the result as they
172 .It So Cm 0 Sc (zero)
174 For all conversions except
176 the converted value is padded on the left with zeros rather than blanks.
177 If a precision is given with a numeric conversion
178 .Cm ( d , i , o , u , i , x ,
185 A negative field width flag;
186 the converted value is to be left adjusted on the field boundary.
189 conversions, the converted value is padded on the right with blanks,
190 rather than on the left with blanks or zeros.
196 .It So "\ " Sc (space)
197 A blank should be left before a positive number
198 produced by a signed conversion
199 .Cm ( a , A , d , e , E , f , F , g , G ,
203 A sign must always be placed before a
204 number produced by a signed conversion.
207 overrides a space if both are used.
213 or the integral portion of a floating point conversion
217 should be grouped and separated by thousands using
218 the non-monetary separator returned by
222 An optional decimal digit string specifying a minimum field width.
223 If the converted value has fewer characters than the field width, it will
224 be padded with spaces on the left (or right, if the left-adjustment
225 flag has been given) to fill out
228 An optional precision, in the form of a period
231 optional digit string.
232 If the digit string is omitted, the precision is taken as zero.
233 This gives the minimum number of digits to appear for
234 .Cm d , i , o , u , x ,
237 conversions, the number of digits to appear after the decimal-point for
238 .Cm a , A , e , E , f ,
241 conversions, the maximum number of significant digits for
245 conversions, or the maximum number of characters to be printed from a
250 An optional length modifier, that specifies the size of the argument.
251 The following length modifiers are valid for the
252 .Cm d , i , n , o , u , x ,
256 .Bl -column ".Cm q Em (deprecated)" ".Vt signed char" ".Vt unsigned long long" ".Vt long long *"
257 .It Sy Modifier Ta Cm d , i Ta Cm o , u , x , X Ta Cm n
258 .It Cm hh Ta Vt "signed char" Ta Vt "unsigned char" Ta Vt "signed char *"
259 .It Cm h Ta Vt short Ta Vt "unsigned short" Ta Vt "short *"
260 .It Cm l No (ell) Ta Vt long Ta Vt "unsigned long" Ta Vt "long *"
261 .It Cm ll No (ell ell) Ta Vt "long long" Ta Vt "unsigned long long" Ta Vt "long long *"
262 .It Cm j Ta Vt intmax_t Ta Vt uintmax_t Ta Vt "intmax_t *"
263 .It Cm t Ta Vt ptrdiff_t Ta (see note) Ta Vt "ptrdiff_t *"
264 .It Cm z Ta (see note) Ta Vt size_t Ta (see note)
265 .It Cm q Em (deprecated) Ta Vt quad_t Ta Vt u_quad_t Ta Vt "quad_t *"
271 modifier, when applied to a
275 conversion, indicates that the argument is of an unsigned type
276 equivalent in size to a
280 modifier, when applied to a
284 conversion, indicates that the argument is of a signed type equivalent in
287 Similarly, when applied to an
289 conversion, it indicates that the argument is a pointer to a signed type
290 equivalent in size to a
293 The following length modifier is valid for the
294 .Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g ,
298 .Bl -column ".Sy Modifier" ".Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g , G"
299 .It Sy Modifier Ta Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g , G
300 .It Cm L Ta Vt "long double"
303 The following length modifier is valid for the
308 .Bl -column ".Sy Modifier" ".Vt wint_t" ".Vt wchar_t *"
309 .It Sy Modifier Ta Cm c Ta Cm s
310 .It Cm l No (ell) Ta Vt wint_t Ta Vt "wchar_t *"
313 A character that specifies the type of conversion to be applied.
316 A field width or precision, or both, may be indicated by
319 or an asterisk followed by one or more decimal digits and a
325 argument supplies the field width or precision.
326 A negative field width is treated as a left adjustment flag followed by a
327 positive field width; a negative precision is treated as though it were
329 If a single format directive mixes positional
331 and non-positional arguments, the results are undefined.
333 The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:
334 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm diouxX"
338 (or appropriate variant) argument is converted to signed decimal
346 or unsigned hexadecimal
355 conversions; the letters
360 The precision, if any, gives the minimum number of digits that must
361 appear; if the converted value requires fewer digits, it is padded on
366 argument is converted to signed decimal, unsigned octal, or unsigned
367 decimal, as if the format had been
372 These conversion characters are deprecated, and will eventually disappear.
376 argument is rounded and converted in the style
378 .Oo \- Oc Ar d Li \&. Ar ddd Li e \(+- Ar dd
380 where there is one digit before the
381 decimal-point character
382 and the number of digits after it is equal to the precision;
383 if the precision is missing,
384 it is taken as 6; if the precision is
385 zero, no decimal-point character appears.
388 conversion uses the letter
392 to introduce the exponent.
393 The exponent always contains at least two digits; if the value is zero,
397 .Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g ,
400 conversions, positive and negative infinity are represented as
404 respectively when using the lowercase conversion character, and
408 respectively when using the uppercase conversion character.
409 Similarly, NaN is represented as
411 when using the lowercase conversion, and
413 when using the uppercase conversion.
417 argument is rounded and converted to decimal notation in the style
419 .Oo \- Oc Ar ddd Li \&. Ar ddd ,
421 where the number of digits after the decimal-point character
422 is equal to the precision specification.
423 If the precision is missing, it is taken as 6; if the precision is
424 explicitly zero, no decimal-point character appears.
425 If a decimal point appears, at least one digit appears before it.
429 argument is converted in style
440 The precision specifies the number of significant digits.
441 If the precision is missing, 6 digits are given; if the precision is zero,
445 is used if the exponent from its conversion is less than \-4 or greater than
446 or equal to the precision.
447 Trailing zeros are removed from the fractional part of the result; a
448 decimal point appears only if it is followed by at least one digit.
452 argument is converted to hexadecimal notation in the style
454 .Oo \- Oc Li 0x Ar h Li \&. Ar hhhp Oo \(+- Oc Ar d ,
456 where the number of digits after the hexadecimal-point character
457 is equal to the precision specification.
458 If the precision is missing, it is taken as enough to exactly
459 represent the floating-point number; if the precision is
460 explicitly zero, no hexadecimal-point character appears.
461 This is an exact conversion of the mantissa+exponent internal
462 floating point representation; the
464 .Oo \- Oc Li 0x Ar h Li \&. Ar hhh
466 portion represents exactly the mantissa; only denormalized
467 mantissas have a zero value to the left of the hexadecimal
471 is a literal character
473 the exponent is preceded by a positive or negative sign
474 and is represented in decimal, using only enough characters
475 to represent the exponent.
478 conversion uses the prefix
486 to represent the hex digits, and the letter
490 to separate the mantissa and exponent.
500 argument is converted to an
501 .Vt "unsigned char" ,
506 and the resulting character is written.
510 (ell) modifier is used, the
512 argument is converted to a
524 argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of character type (pointer
525 to a string) containing a multibyte sequence.
526 Characters from the array are converted to wide characters and written up to
531 if a precision is specified, no more than the number specified are
533 If a precision is given, no null character
534 need be present; if the precision is not specified, or is greater than
535 the size of the array, the array must contain a terminating
541 (ell) modifier is used, the
543 argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of wide characters
544 (pointer to a wide string).
545 Each wide character in the string
547 Wide characters from the array are written up to (but not including)
551 if a precision is specified, no more than the number specified are
552 written (including shift sequences).
553 If a precision is given, no null character
554 need be present; if the precision is not specified, or is greater than
555 the number of characters in
556 the string, the array must contain a terminating wide
562 pointer argument is printed in hexadecimal (as if by
567 The number of characters written so far is stored into the
568 integer indicated by the
570 (or variant) pointer argument.
571 No argument is converted.
576 No argument is converted.
577 The complete conversion specification
583 character is defined in the program's locale (category
586 In no case does a non-existent or small field width cause truncation of
587 a numeric field; if the result of a conversion is wider than the field
589 field is expanded to contain the conversion result.
599 Subject to the caveats noted in the
615 .Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS