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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.8 2006/10/09 09:48:08 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd layout of filesystems
43 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
44 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa /modules/"
46 root directory of the filesystem
48 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
50 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
52 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa defaults/" -compact
54 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
58 block and character device files
60 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa MAKEDEV" -compact
62 script for creating device files;
66 file descriptor files;
71 system configuration files and scripts
73 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa defaults/" -compact
75 default system configuration files;
79 isdn4bsd configuration files;
83 local timezone information;
87 Sendmail control files
89 mtree configuration files;
93 named configuration files;
97 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
102 ppp configuration files;
106 OpenSSL configuration files
108 uucp configuration files;
113 HOME directories of non-root users
115 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
118 empty directory commonly used by
119 system administrators as a temporary mount point
121 loadable kernel modules;
130 root's HOME directory
132 system programs and administration utilities
133 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
135 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
138 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
140 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
142 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa libdata/" -compact
144 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
146 useful and semi-frivolous programs
148 standard C include files
150 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa libmilter/" -compact
152 C include files for Internet service protocols
156 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
158 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa scsi/" -compact
160 The SCSI device on top of CAM
164 C include files for programming various
168 Include Files for various emulation layers
171 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa smbfs/" -compact
177 ISC utility library libisc include files
180 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa cd9660/" -compact
186 C include files for libmilter,
187 the sendmail mail filter API
189 machine-specific C include files
193 misc network C include files
201 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
205 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
209 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
211 kernel key-management service
221 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
223 Objective C include files
225 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
229 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
231 get a line from a user, with editing;
235 remote procedure calls;
239 definition of RPC service structures; see
245 system C include files (kernel data structures)
247 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
249 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa ffs/" -compact
269 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa compat/" -compact
271 a.out archive libraries
273 shared libraries for compatibility
275 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa aout/" -compact
277 a.out backward compatibility libraries
282 misc. utility data files
284 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa stallion/" -compact
286 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
290 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa fonts/" -compact
296 various prebuilt lint libraries;
300 Character set conversion tables
302 holds the download firmware images
306 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
308 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa binutils215/" -compact
310 utilities and filters for LP print system;
315 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa ldscripts/" -compact
329 restricted shell for sendmail;
339 local executables, libraries, etc.
342 the general layout sketched out by
346 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under
351 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
357 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
361 default destination directory for the pkgsrc collection.
364 the general layout sketched out by
368 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under
373 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
379 The NetBSD pkgsrc collection (optional).
381 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
383 architecture-independent files
385 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa groff_font/" -compact
387 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
395 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa papers/" -compact
397 words from Webster's 2nd International
407 miscellaneous documentation;
409 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa handbook/" -compact
411 A copy of the handbook
415 various examples for users and programmers
417 ASCII text files used by various games
419 device description file for device name
421 GNU Info hypertext system
425 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
433 macros for use with the me macro package;
437 misc system-wide ASCII text files
439 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa termcap" -compact
441 terminal characteristics database;
451 national language support files;
455 sendmail configuration files;
459 example . (dot) files for new accounts
461 files used by syscons;
465 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
473 console keyboard maps;
483 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
488 text processing macros;
494 localization support and utilities for
497 timezone configuration information;
504 third-party, and/or local source files
506 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa kerberos5/" -compact
508 source code for files in
511 source code for contributed software
513 source code for contributed cryptography software
515 source code for files in
518 source code for files in
521 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
523 source code for files in
526 source code for kerberos version 5
528 source code for files in
531 source code for files in
534 files required to produce a
538 source code for files in
541 build directory for files in
549 tools used for maintenance and testing of
552 source code for files in
555 source code for files in
560 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
562 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa preserve/" -compact
564 system accounting files
566 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa acct" -compact
568 execution accounting file;
574 timed command scheduling files;
578 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa spool/" -compact
580 directory containing job files
582 directory containing output spool files
588 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
597 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa tabs/" -compact
605 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
607 empty directory used by sshd(8) for privilege separation;
611 misc. game status and score files
613 kerberos server databases; see
616 misc. system log files
618 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa wtmp" -compact
628 system messages database;
632 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
637 filesystem quota information files
639 system information files describing various info about
640 system since it was booted
642 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa ppp/" -compact
646 group for command connection sockets; see
649 database of current users;
662 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
664 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
666 undelivered submission mail queue;
672 the anonymous ftp root directory
674 undelivered mail queue;
678 line printer spooling directories
684 public uucp temporary directory
688 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
690 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa vi.recover/" -compact
692 the directory where recovery files are stored
700 This manual page documents the default
702 filesystem layout, but
703 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
704 administrator's discretion.
705 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
720 manual page appeared in