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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.10 2007/05/12 21:27:31 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd layout of filesystems
43 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
44 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa /modules/"
46 root directory of the filesystem
48 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
50 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
52 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa defaults/" -compact
54 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
58 block and character device files
60 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa MAKEDEV" -compact
62 script for creating device files;
66 file descriptor files;
71 system configuration files and scripts
73 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa defaults/" -compact
75 default system configuration files;
79 isdn4bsd configuration files;
83 local timezone information;
87 Sendmail control files
89 mtree configuration files;
93 named configuration files;
97 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
102 ppp configuration files;
106 OpenSSL configuration files
108 uucp configuration files;
113 HOME directories of non-root users
115 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
118 empty directory commonly used by
119 system administrators as a temporary mount point
121 loadable kernel modules;
130 root's HOME directory
132 system programs and administration utilities
133 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
135 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
138 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
140 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
142 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa libdata/" -compact
144 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
146 useful and semi-frivolous programs
148 standard C include files
150 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa libmilter/" -compact
152 C include files for Internet service protocols
156 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
158 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa scsi/" -compact
160 The SCSI device on top of CAM
164 C include files for programming various
168 Include Files for various emulation layers
171 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa smbfs/" -compact
177 ISC utility library libisc include files
180 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa cd9660/" -compact
186 C include files for libmilter,
187 the sendmail mail filter API
189 machine-specific C include files
193 misc network C include files
201 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
205 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
209 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
211 kernel key-management service
221 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
223 Objective C include files
225 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
229 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
231 get a line from a user, with editing;
235 remote procedure calls;
239 definition of RPC service structures; see
245 system C include files (kernel data structures)
247 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
249 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa ffs/" -compact
269 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa compat/" -compact
271 a.out archive libraries
273 shared libraries for compatibility
275 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa aout/" -compact
277 a.out backward compatibility libraries
282 misc. utility data files
284 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa stallion/" -compact
286 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
290 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa fonts/" -compact
296 various prebuilt lint libraries;
300 Character set conversion tables
302 holds the download firmware images
306 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
308 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa binutils215/" -compact
310 utilities and filters for LP print system;
315 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa ldscripts/" -compact
329 restricted shell for sendmail;
339 local executables, libraries, etc.
342 the general layout sketched out by
346 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under
351 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
357 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
361 default destination directory for the pkgsrc collection.
364 the general layout sketched out by
368 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under
373 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
381 pkgsrc collection (optional).
383 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
385 architecture-independent files
387 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa groff_font/" -compact
389 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
397 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa papers/" -compact
399 words from Webster's 2nd International
409 miscellaneous documentation;
411 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa handbook/" -compact
413 A copy of the handbook
417 various examples for users and programmers
419 ASCII text files used by various games
421 device description file for device name
423 GNU Info hypertext system
427 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
435 macros for use with the me macro package;
439 misc system-wide ASCII text files
441 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa termcap" -compact
443 terminal characteristics database;
453 national language support files;
457 sendmail configuration files;
461 example . (dot) files for new accounts
463 files used by syscons;
467 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
475 console keyboard maps;
485 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
490 text processing macros;
496 localization support and utilities for
499 timezone configuration information;
506 third-party, and/or local source files
508 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa kerberos5/" -compact
510 source code for files in
513 source code for contributed software
515 source code for contributed cryptography software
517 source code for files in
520 source code for files in
523 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
525 source code for files in
528 source code for kerberos version 5
530 source code for files in
533 source code for files in
536 files required to produce a
540 source code for files in
543 build directory for files in
551 tools used for maintenance and testing of
554 source code for files in
557 source code for files in
562 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
564 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa preserve/" -compact
566 system accounting files
568 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa acct" -compact
570 execution accounting file;
576 timed command scheduling files;
580 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa spool/" -compact
582 directory containing job files
584 directory containing output spool files
590 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
599 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa tabs/" -compact
607 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
609 empty directory used by
611 for privilege separation
613 misc. game status and score files
615 kerberos server databases; see
618 misc. system log files
620 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa wtmp" -compact
630 system messages database;
634 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
639 filesystem quota information files
641 system information files describing various info about
642 system since it was booted
644 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa ppp/" -compact
648 group for command connection sockets; see
651 database of current users;
664 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
666 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
668 undelivered submission mail queue;
674 the anonymous ftp root directory
676 undelivered mail queue;
680 line printer spooling directories
686 public uucp temporary directory
690 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
692 .Bl -tag -width ".It Pa vi.recover/" -compact
694 the directory where recovery files are stored
702 This manual page documents the default
704 filesystem layout, but
705 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
706 administrator's discretion.
707 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
722 manual page appeared in