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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
40 .Nd layout of filesystems
42 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
43 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
45 root directory of the filesystem
47 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
49 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
51 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
53 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
56 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
59 loadable kernel modules;
64 block and character device files
66 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
68 file descriptor files;
73 system configuration files and scripts
75 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
77 bluetooth configuration files
79 default system configuration files;
86 .\"Firmware image files;
90 isdn4bsd configuration files;
94 local timezone information;
98 Sendmail control files
100 mtree configuration files;
104 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
107 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
112 ppp configuration files;
116 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
120 OpenSSH configuration files;
124 OpenSSL configuration files
126 Files relevant to system upgrades
128 uucp configuration files;
133 HOME directories of non-root users
135 empty directory commonly used by
136 system administrators as a temporary mount point
138 pseudo file system directory (on
147 root's HOME directory
149 system programs and administration utilities
150 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
152 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
155 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
157 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
159 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
161 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
163 useful and semi-frivolous programs
165 standard C include files
167 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
169 C include files for Internet service protocols
173 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
175 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
177 The SCSI device on top of CAM
181 C include files for programming various
185 Include Files for various emulation layers
188 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
195 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
201 C include files for libmilter,
202 the sendmail mail filter API
204 C include files for libprop
206 machine-specific C include files
210 misc network C include files
218 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
222 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
226 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
228 kernel key-management service
238 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
240 Objective C include files
242 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
244 Packet Capture (libpcap) headers;
250 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
252 get a line from a user, with editing;
256 remote procedure calls;
260 definition of RPC service structures; see
266 system C include files (kernel data structures)
268 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
270 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
290 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
292 a.out archive libraries
294 shared libraries for compatibility
296 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
298 a.out backward compatibility libraries
301 OpenSSL dynamic engines
305 misc. utility data files
307 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
309 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
313 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
319 various prebuilt lint libraries;
323 holds the download firmware images
327 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
329 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils217/" -compact
332 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
340 utilities and filters for LP print system;
350 restricted shell for sendmail;
360 local executables, libraries, etc.
363 the general layout sketched out by
370 directory (directly under
375 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
381 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
385 default destination directory for the
390 the general layout sketched out by
397 directory (directly under
402 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
410 collection (optional).
412 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
414 architecture-independent files
416 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
418 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
426 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
428 words from Webster's 2nd International
438 miscellaneous documentation
439 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa legal/" -compact
441 License files for vendor supplied firmwares
445 various examples for users and programmers
447 ASCII text files used by various games
449 device description file for device name
451 internationalization databases; see
454 GNU Info hypertext system
458 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
466 macros for use with the me macro package;
470 misc system-wide ASCII text files
472 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
474 terminal characteristics database;
484 national language support files;
489 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
495 sendmail configuration files;
499 example . (dot) files for new accounts
504 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
512 console keyboard maps;
522 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
527 text processing macros;
533 localization support and utilities for
536 timezone configuration information;
543 third-party, and/or local source files
545 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa nrelease/" -compact
547 source code for files in
550 source code for contributed software
552 source code for contributed cryptography software
554 source code for files in
557 source code for files in
560 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
562 source code for files in
565 source code for files in
568 source code for files in
571 files required to produce a
575 source code for files in
578 build directory for files in
586 tools used for maintenance and testing of
589 source code for files in
592 source code for files in
597 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
599 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
601 system accounting files
603 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
605 execution accounting file;
611 timed command scheduling files;
615 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
617 directory containing job files
619 directory containing output spool files
625 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
634 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
642 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
644 empty directory used by
646 for privilege separation
648 misc. game status and score files
650 per PFS (pseudo file system) snapshots directory for
654 misc. system log files
656 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
666 system messages database;
670 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
675 filesystem quota information files
677 system information files describing various info about
678 system since it was booted
680 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
684 group for command connection sockets; see
687 database of current users;
700 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
702 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
704 undelivered submission mail queue;
708 undelivered mail queue;
714 the anonymous ftp root directory
716 undelivered mail queue;
720 line printer spooling directories
726 public uucp temporary directory
730 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
732 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
734 the directory where recovery files are stored
742 This manual page documents the default
744 filesystem layout, but
745 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
746 administrator's discretion.
747 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
762 manual page appeared in