1 # tzdb data for Africa and environs
3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
9 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
11 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27):
13 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
14 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
15 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
16 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
18 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
19 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
20 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
21 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
22 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
23 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
25 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27 # I found in the UCLA library.
29 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
30 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
31 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
33 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
34 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
36 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
37 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
38 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
39 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
40 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
41 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
42 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
43 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
44 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
46 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
47 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
48 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time
49 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
50 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
51 # +01 WAT West Africa Time
52 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
53 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
54 # cannot now come up with solid citations.
56 # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s:
57 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
58 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time
59 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time
60 # +03 EAT East Africa Time
61 # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though
62 # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps,
63 # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
64 # Corrections are welcome.
67 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
68 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
69 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
70 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
71 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
72 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
75 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
77 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
78 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
79 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
80 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
81 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
82 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
83 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
84 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
85 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
86 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
87 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
88 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
89 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
90 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
91 # more precise 0:09:21.
92 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
93 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
112 # See Africa/Abidjan.
120 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
122 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
123 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
124 # For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
125 # (see Europe/Lisbon).
127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
128 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia
130 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
131 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
134 # Central African Republic
138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
140 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
141 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
145 # See Africa/Nairobi.
147 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
148 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
150 # Republic of the Congo
153 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
154 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
155 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
157 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
158 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
159 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
160 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
161 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
162 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
163 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
164 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
165 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
168 # See Africa/Nairobi.
170 ###############################################################################
174 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
175 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
176 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
177 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
179 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
180 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
181 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
182 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
183 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
184 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
185 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
186 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
187 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
188 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
189 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
190 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
191 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
192 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
193 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
194 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
195 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
196 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
197 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
198 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
199 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
200 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
202 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
203 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
204 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
205 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
207 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
208 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
210 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
211 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
212 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
213 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
214 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
215 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
216 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
217 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
218 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
219 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
220 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
221 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
222 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
223 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
224 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
225 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
226 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
227 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
228 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
229 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
230 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
231 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
232 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
233 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
234 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
235 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
236 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
238 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
239 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
241 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
242 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
244 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
245 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
247 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
248 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
250 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
251 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
253 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
255 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
257 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
259 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
261 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
262 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
263 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
265 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
266 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
267 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
270 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
271 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
272 # Information and Decision Support Center:
273 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
275 # The Middle East News Agency
276 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
277 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
278 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
279 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
280 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
283 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
284 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
285 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
288 # Arabic translation:
289 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
290 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
291 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
293 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
294 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
295 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
297 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
298 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
300 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
301 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
302 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
303 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
304 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
305 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
306 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
307 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
308 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
309 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
310 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
311 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
313 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
314 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
315 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
316 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
317 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
318 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
320 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
321 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
322 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
323 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
324 # dates not yet announced....
325 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
326 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
328 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
329 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
332 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
333 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
334 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
335 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
336 # practice altogether in future years."
338 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
339 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
340 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
341 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
343 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
344 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
345 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
346 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
347 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
349 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
350 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
351 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
352 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
353 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
354 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
355 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
356 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
357 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
359 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
360 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
368 # See Africa/Nairobi.
370 # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia,
371 # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian
372 # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See:
373 # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double
374 # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05.
375 # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time
381 # See Africa/Abidjan.
385 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30):
386 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
387 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST,
388 # with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00.
389 # Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold
390 # Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077
391 # http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf
392 # lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18,
393 # "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes
394 # during the last four months of each year; the object in view being
395 # to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available
396 # for evening recreation after office hours."
397 # Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33,
398 # writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich
399 # time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of
400 # UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists
401 # the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24.
402 # The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government
403 # intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T.
404 # The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced."
405 # These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is
406 # now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For
407 # lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a
408 # typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936.
409 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
410 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 -
411 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
413 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
417 # See Africa/Abidjan.
421 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
422 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
423 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
424 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
427 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u
432 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
433 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
438 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
439 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
440 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
441 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
442 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
443 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
444 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
445 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
446 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
449 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
453 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
455 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
457 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset
458 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on
459 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
460 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
461 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
462 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
464 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
465 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
467 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
468 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
469 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
470 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
473 ###############################################################################
477 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
478 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
479 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
480 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
482 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
483 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
485 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
486 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
487 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
488 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
489 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
491 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
492 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
493 # cancelled yesterday....
494 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
496 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
497 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
499 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
500 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
501 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
502 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
503 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
504 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
505 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
506 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
507 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
508 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
509 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
510 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
511 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
512 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
513 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
514 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
515 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
516 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
517 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
518 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
519 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
521 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
522 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
523 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
524 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
525 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
526 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
527 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
531 # See Africa/Nairobi.
538 # See Africa/Abidjan.
542 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
543 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
545 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
546 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
547 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
549 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
550 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
552 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
553 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
554 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
555 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
557 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
558 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
560 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
562 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
563 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
564 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
565 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
566 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
568 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
569 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
570 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
571 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
572 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
573 # changes two days later.
575 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
576 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
577 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
578 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
580 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
581 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
582 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
583 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
585 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
586 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
587 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
588 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
590 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
591 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
592 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
593 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
594 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
595 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
596 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
597 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
598 # and end on 29 March 2009.
600 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
601 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
602 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
603 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
604 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
606 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
607 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
608 # DST the coming summer...
610 # Some sources, in French:
611 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
612 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
615 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
617 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
618 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
619 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
620 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
622 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
623 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 -
624 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
625 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
626 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
627 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
628 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
629 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
630 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
631 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
634 # See Africa/Nairobi.
637 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
639 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
640 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
641 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
643 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
644 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
645 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
647 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
648 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
650 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
651 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
653 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
655 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
658 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
659 # According to this article:
660 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
661 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
662 # the changes occur at midnight:
664 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
665 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
666 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
668 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
669 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
670 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
671 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
673 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
674 # published on the web.
676 # It's also confirmed here:
677 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
678 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
679 # posted in English).
681 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
682 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
684 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
685 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
686 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
689 # One article about it (in French):
690 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
692 # We have some further details posted here:
693 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
695 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
696 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
697 # to many sources, such as
698 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
699 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
703 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
705 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
706 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
707 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
709 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
710 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
711 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
712 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
714 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
715 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
717 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
718 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
719 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
720 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
723 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
726 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
728 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
729 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
730 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
731 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
732 # ...Official links of change in morocco
733 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
734 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
736 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
738 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
739 # is the official publication to look at.
740 # They said that the decision was already taken.
742 # More articles in the press
743 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
744 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
745 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
747 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
748 # They have it written in English here:
749 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
751 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
752 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
753 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
754 # also been like that in the past.
756 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
757 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
758 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
759 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
760 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
761 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
762 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
763 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
764 # except the month of Ramadan.
766 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
768 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
769 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
770 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
771 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
772 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
773 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
775 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
776 # Seen Morocco change again:
777 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
778 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
779 # comme annoncé précédemment."
781 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
782 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
783 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
785 # Google translation, lightly edited:
786 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
787 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
788 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
789 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
790 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
791 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
792 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
793 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
794 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
796 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
797 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
798 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
799 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
800 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
801 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
803 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
804 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
805 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
806 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
808 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
809 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
810 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
811 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
812 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
814 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
815 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
816 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
818 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
819 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
821 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
822 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
823 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
824 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
825 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
827 # From Milamber (2015-06-08):
828 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
829 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
830 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
831 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
832 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
833 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
835 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
837 # From Milamber (2015-06-09):
838 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
840 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
841 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
842 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
843 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
844 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
847 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26):
848 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition
849 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone.
850 # From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28):
851 # http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf
853 # From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01):
854 # We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1
855 # the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision
856 # about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case,
857 # as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing
858 # that 64% of asked peopke are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan.
859 # https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan
861 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-01):
862 # For now, guess that Morocco will fall back at 03:00 the last Sunday
863 # before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the first Sunday after
864 # Ramadan, as this has been the practice since 2012. To implement this,
865 # transition dates for 2019 through 2037 were determined by running the
866 # following program under GNU Emacs 26.1.
867 # (let ((islamic-year 1440))
868 # (require 'cal-islam)
869 # (while (< islamic-year 1460)
870 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
871 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
873 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
874 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
876 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
877 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
880 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n"
881 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n")
882 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
883 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
884 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
886 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
887 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 -
888 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
889 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 -
890 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
891 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 -
892 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
893 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 -
894 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
895 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 -
896 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
897 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 -
898 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
899 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
900 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 -
901 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
902 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 -
903 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
904 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 -
905 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
906 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 -
907 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
908 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 -
909 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
910 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
911 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
912 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 -
913 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
914 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
915 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 -
916 Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
917 Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
918 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
919 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 -
920 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
921 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 -
922 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
923 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 -
924 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
925 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 -
926 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
927 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 -
928 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 -
929 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 -
930 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 -
931 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 0 -
932 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 -
933 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 -
934 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 -
935 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 -
936 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 -
937 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 -
938 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 -
939 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 -
940 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 -
941 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 -
942 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 -
943 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 -
944 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 -
945 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 -
946 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 -
947 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 -
948 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 -
949 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 -
950 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 -
951 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 -
952 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 -
953 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 -
954 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 -
955 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 -
956 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 -
957 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 -
958 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 -
959 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 -
960 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 -
961 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 -
962 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 -
963 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 -
964 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 -
965 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 -
966 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 -
967 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 -
969 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
970 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
971 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16
973 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00
978 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
979 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
980 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
983 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
984 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
985 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
987 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
988 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14
989 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00
994 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
995 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
996 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
997 # merely made it official?
999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1000 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
1002 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
1003 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
1004 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
1005 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
1006 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
1007 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
1008 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
1013 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
1014 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
1015 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
1016 # and includes this nugget:
1017 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
1018 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
1019 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
1020 # Sunday 4 September 1994.
1022 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):
1023 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
1024 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ...
1026 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
1027 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
1028 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
1029 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
1030 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
1031 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
1032 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
1035 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
1036 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
1037 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
1038 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
1039 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
1040 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
1042 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
1043 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
1044 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
1045 # This video is from the government decision:
1046 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
1047 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
1048 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
1049 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
1051 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
1052 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
1053 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.:
1054 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
1055 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
1056 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
1057 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
1058 # with Namibia's neighbors.
1060 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1061 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1062 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT
1063 Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT
1064 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT
1065 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
1066 #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT
1067 #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT
1068 #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT
1069 # End of rearguard section.
1071 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1072 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1073 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
1074 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
1075 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
1076 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
1077 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1079 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
1080 # 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
1081 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
1082 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See:
1083 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
1084 # 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24
1086 # End of rearguard section.
1092 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1093 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
1095 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
1096 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
1097 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
1098 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1099 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
1100 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
1101 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
1102 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
1103 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
1106 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1107 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1110 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1112 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1113 # The following information about them is taken from
1114 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1115 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1116 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1118 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1119 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1120 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1121 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1122 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1125 # See Africa/Maputo.
1128 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1129 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1130 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1131 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1132 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1133 # on GMT, says the CIA
1134 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1136 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1138 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
1140 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
1141 # Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
1142 # they entered the year 2018.
1143 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
1144 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
1145 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
1147 # From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29):
1148 # São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019:
1149 # https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/
1151 # From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30):
1152 # https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818
1153 # ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal
1154 # coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
1156 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
1157 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
1158 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00
1159 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00
1163 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1166 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1167 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1169 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1170 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1171 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1172 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1173 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1174 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1177 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1180 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1183 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1184 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1185 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1187 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1188 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1190 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1191 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1193 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1194 # scientific station since 1947
1199 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1200 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1201 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1202 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1203 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1204 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1206 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
1207 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
1208 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
1210 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1211 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
1212 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
1213 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
1214 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
1216 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1217 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1218 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1219 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1220 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1221 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1222 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1223 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1224 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1
1228 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1229 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
1230 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1234 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
1237 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1240 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1244 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1245 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1246 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1247 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1248 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1249 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1250 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1251 # Saturday." (My translation)
1253 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1254 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1255 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1256 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1259 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1260 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1261 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1262 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1263 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1265 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1266 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1268 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1269 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1271 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1272 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1273 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1275 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1276 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1278 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1281 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1284 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1286 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1287 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1288 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1289 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1290 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1291 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1293 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1294 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1297 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1299 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1300 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1303 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1304 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1305 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1307 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1308 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1309 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1310 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1311 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1312 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1313 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1314 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1315 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1316 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1317 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1318 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1319 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1320 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1321 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1322 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1323 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1324 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1325 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1326 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1327 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1328 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1329 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1330 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1331 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1332 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1334 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1335 # more precise 0:09:21.
1336 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1337 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1338 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1339 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1343 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1347 # See Africa/Maputo.
projects / dragonfly.git / blob