1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
2 ---------------------------------------------
14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
18 Seventh Edition (V7) |
22 \ 2BSD---------------*
30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
32 4.1aBSD -----------\ |
36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ |
73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ |
74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1
87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | |
107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | |
144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
149 | | | Mac OS X | | | |
150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | |
155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | |
157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | |
158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 |
159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | |
160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | |
161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0
163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 |
167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5
169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | |
171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | |
173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0
179 | ----- Mac OS X | | |
183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | |
185 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | |
186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 |
188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0
189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | |
191 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | |
192 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 |
193 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | |
195 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 |
198 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | |
200 | | | | NetBSD 3.0 | |
201 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0
202 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 |
203 | FreeBSD | | | | | | |
205 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | |
206 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0
208 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 |
209 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | |
210 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | |
211 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | |
212 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0
214 FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current |
221 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
222 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
224 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
225 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
226 the 4.4BSD Operating System.
227 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
228 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
229 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
230 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
231 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
232 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
233 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
234 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
235 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
236 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
237 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
238 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
239 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
240 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
241 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
242 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
243 [USE] Usenet announcement.
244 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
245 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
250 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU]
251 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
252 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU]
253 10 UNIX installations
254 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU]
255 Pipes, 16 installations
256 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU]
257 rewriting in C effected,
258 above 30 installations
259 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU]
260 above 50 installations
261 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU]
263 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU]
265 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
266 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
267 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
268 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
269 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
270 and networking part by the streams mechanism
272 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
273 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
277 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
278 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
279 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
281 75 2BSD tapes shipped
283 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ]
285 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU]
286 set of performance improvements
287 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
289 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
290 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
291 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
292 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS]
293 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
295 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
297 virtual memory, page replacement,
300 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
302 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
303 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
305 beta release, IPC [44B]
306 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
308 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU]
309 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
310 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
311 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
313 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
314 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
316 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI]
317 first code released to people outside BSDI
318 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
319 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
320 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
321 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
322 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
323 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI]
324 first external gamma; G customers
325 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI]
326 would have been 1.0 except for request
327 for preliminary injunction
328 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI]
329 injunction denied; first official release
330 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
331 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
332 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
333 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
334 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
335 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
336 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD]
337 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD]
338 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD]
339 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
340 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
341 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
342 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD]
343 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
344 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
345 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
346 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B]
347 the true final distribution from the CSRG
348 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
349 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
350 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
351 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
352 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
353 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
354 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
355 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
357 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
358 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
359 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
360 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
361 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
362 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
363 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
364 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
365 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
366 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
367 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
368 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
369 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
370 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
371 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
372 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
373 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI]
374 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
375 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD]
376 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
377 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
378 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
379 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
380 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
381 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
382 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
383 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
384 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
385 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
386 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
387 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
388 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
389 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
390 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
391 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
392 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
393 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
394 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
395 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
396 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
397 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
398 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
399 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
400 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
401 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
402 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
403 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
404 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
405 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
406 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
407 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
408 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
409 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
410 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
411 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
412 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
413 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
414 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
415 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
416 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
417 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
418 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
419 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
420 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
421 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
422 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD]
423 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
424 -current, similar to 3.0.
425 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
426 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
427 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD]
428 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS]
429 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD]
430 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL]
431 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD]
432 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
433 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD]
434 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD]
435 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
436 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
437 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD]
438 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD]
439 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB]
440 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD]
441 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD]
442 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD]
443 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD]
444 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB]
445 NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
446 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL]
447 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD]
448 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD]
449 NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
450 OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD]
451 FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD]
452 NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD]
453 NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD]
454 DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB]
455 OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD]
456 FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD]
457 FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD]
458 NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release)
459 DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB]
460 OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD]
461 NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release)
462 NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD]
463 FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD]
464 DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB]
467 ------------------------
469 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
470 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
471 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
473 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
474 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
476 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
477 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
478 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
480 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
481 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
482 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
484 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
486 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
487 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
488 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
490 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
491 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
493 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
494 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
496 BSD Release Announcements collection.
497 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
499 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
500 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
502 UNIX history graphing project
503 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
506 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
508 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
509 URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
510 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
516 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
517 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
519 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
522 Copyright (c) 1997-2007 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
523 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
525 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.111 2007/01/31 04:58:03 maxim Exp $
526 $DragonFly: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.11 2007/01/31 08:28:23 swildner Exp $