usr.sbin/makefs/ffs/mkfs.c

   1 /*      $NetBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.22 2011/10/09 22:30:13 christos Exp $       */
   2
   3 /*-
   4  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   5  *
   6  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
   7  * All rights reserved.
   8  *
   9  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
  10  * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
  11  * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
  12  * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
  13  * research program
  14  *
  15  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
  16  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  17  *
  18  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  19  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  20  * are met:
  21  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  22  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  23  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  24  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  25  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  26  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  27  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  28  *    without specific prior written permission.
  29  *
  30  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  31  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  32  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  33  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  34  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  35  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  36  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  37  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  38  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  39  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  40  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  41  *
  42  * $FreeBSD: head/usr.sbin/makefs/ffs/mkfs.c 326025 2017-11-20 19:49:47Z pfg $
  43  */
  44
  45 #include <sys/param.h>
  46 #include <sys/time.h>
  47 #include <sys/resource.h>
  48
  49 #include <stdio.h>
  50 #include <stdlib.h>
  51 #include <string.h>
  52 #include <unistd.h>
  53 #include <errno.h>
  54 #include <util.h>
  55
  56 #include "makefs.h"
  57 #include "ffs.h"
  58
  59 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
  60 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
  61
  62 #include "ffs/ufs_bswap.h"
  63 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
  64 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
  65 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
  66
  67 #ifndef BBSIZE
  68 #define BBSIZE  8192                    /* size of boot area, with label */
  69 #endif
  70
  71 static void initcg(uint32_t, time_t, const fsinfo_t *);
  72 static int ilog2(int);
  73
  74 static int count_digits(int);
  75
  76 /*
  77  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
  78  */
  79 #define UMASK           0755
  80 #define POWEROF2(num)   (((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
  81
  82 static union {
  83         struct fs fs;
  84         char pad[SBLOCKSIZE];
  85 } fsun;
  86 #define sblock  fsun.fs
  87
  88 static union {
  89         struct cg cg;
  90         char pad[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
  91 } cgun;
  92 #define acg     cgun.cg
  93
  94 static char *iobuf;
  95 static int iobufsize;
  96
  97 static char writebuf[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
  98
  99 static int     Oflag;      /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
 100 static int64_t fssize;     /* file system size */
 101 static int     sectorsize;         /* bytes/sector */
 102 static int     fsize;      /* fragment size */
 103 static int     bsize;      /* block size */
 104 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 105 static int     maxbsize;   /* maximum clustering */
 106 #endif
 107 static int     maxblkspercg;
 108 static int     minfree;    /* free space threshold */
 109 static int     opt;                /* optimization preference (space or time) */
 110 static int     density;    /* number of bytes per inode */
 111 static int     maxcontig;          /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
 112 static int     maxbpg;     /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
 113 static int     bbsize;     /* boot block size */
 114 static int     sbsize;     /* superblock size */
 115 static int     avgfilesize;        /* expected average file size */
 116 static int     avgfpdir;           /* expected number of files per directory */
 117
 118 struct fs *
 119 ffs_mkfs(const char *fsys, const fsinfo_t *fsopts, time_t tstamp)
 120 {
 121         int fragsperinode, optimalfpg, origdensity, minfpg, lastminfpg;
 122         int32_t csfrags;
 123         uint32_t i, cylno;
 124         long long sizepb;
 125         void *space;
 126         int size;
 127         int nprintcols, printcolwidth;
 128         ffs_opt_t       *ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
 129
 130         Oflag =         ffs_opts->version;
 131         fssize =        fsopts->size / fsopts->sectorsize;
 132         sectorsize =    fsopts->sectorsize;
 133         fsize =         ffs_opts->fsize;
 134         bsize =         ffs_opts->bsize;
 135 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 136         maxbsize =      ffs_opts->maxbsize;
 137 #endif
 138         maxblkspercg =  ffs_opts->maxblkspercg;
 139         minfree =       ffs_opts->minfree;
 140         opt =           ffs_opts->optimization;
 141         density =       ffs_opts->density;
 142         maxcontig =     ffs_opts->maxcontig;
 143         maxbpg =        ffs_opts->maxbpg;
 144         avgfilesize =   ffs_opts->avgfilesize;
 145         avgfpdir =      ffs_opts->avgfpdir;
 146         bbsize =        BBSIZE;
 147         sbsize =        SBLOCKSIZE;
 148
 149         strlcpy(sblock.fs_volname, ffs_opts->label, sizeof(sblock.fs_volname));
 150
 151 #ifndef __DragonFly__ /* XXX dead code */
 152         if (Oflag == 0) {
 153                 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
 154                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
 155                 sblock.fs_old_flags = 0;
 156         } else
 157 #endif
 158         {
 159                 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
 160 #ifndef __DragonFly__ /* XXX UFS2 */
 161                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = (Oflag == 1 ? UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN :
 162                     UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN);
 163 #else
 164                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN;
 165 #endif
 166 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 167                 sblock.fs_old_flags = FS_FLAGS_UPDATED;
 168 #endif
 169                 sblock.fs_flags = 0;
 170         }
 171         /*
 172          * Validate the given file system size.
 173          * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
 174          * Convert to file system fragment sized units.
 175          */
 176         if (fssize <= 0) {
 177                 printf("preposterous size %lld\n", (long long)fssize);
 178                 exit(13);
 179         }
 180         ffs_wtfs(fssize - 1, sectorsize, (char *)&sblock, fsopts);
 181
 182         /*
 183          * collect and verify the filesystem density info
 184          */
 185         sblock.fs_avgfilesize = avgfilesize;
 186         sblock.fs_avgfpdir = avgfpdir;
 187         if (sblock.fs_avgfilesize <= 0)
 188                 printf("illegal expected average file size %d\n",
 189                     sblock.fs_avgfilesize), exit(14);
 190         if (sblock.fs_avgfpdir <= 0)
 191                 printf("illegal expected number of files per directory %d\n",
 192                     sblock.fs_avgfpdir), exit(15);
 193         /*
 194          * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
 195          */
 196         sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
 197         sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
 198         if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
 199                 printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
 200                     sblock.fs_bsize);
 201                 exit(16);
 202         }
 203         if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
 204                 printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
 205                     sblock.fs_fsize);
 206                 exit(17);
 207         }
 208         if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
 209                 printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
 210                     sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
 211                 exit(18);
 212         }
 213         if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
 214                 printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
 215                     sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
 216                 exit(19);
 217         }
 218         if (sblock.fs_bsize > FFS_MAXBSIZE) {
 219                 printf("block size %d is too large, maximum is %d\n",
 220                     sblock.fs_bsize, FFS_MAXBSIZE);
 221                 exit(19);
 222         }
 223         if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
 224                 printf("block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)\n",
 225                     sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 226                 exit(20);
 227         }
 228
 229 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 230         if (maxbsize < bsize || !POWEROF2(maxbsize)) {
 231                 sblock.fs_maxbsize = sblock.fs_bsize;
 232                 printf("Extent size set to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
 233         } else if (sblock.fs_maxbsize > FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize) {
 234                 sblock.fs_maxbsize = FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize;
 235                 printf("Extent size reduced to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
 236         } else {
 237                 sblock.fs_maxbsize = maxbsize;
 238         }
 239 #endif
 240         sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
 241 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 242         if (sblock.fs_maxcontig < sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize) {
 243                 sblock.fs_maxcontig = sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize;
 244                 printf("Maxcontig raised to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
 245         }
 246 #endif
 247
 248         if (sblock.fs_maxcontig > 1)
 249                 sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(sblock.fs_maxcontig,FS_MAXCONTIG);
 250
 251         sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
 252         sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
 253         sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
 254         sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
 255         for (sblock.fs_bshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_bsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
 256                 sblock.fs_bshift++;
 257         for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
 258                 sblock.fs_fshift++;
 259         sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
 260         for (sblock.fs_fragshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_frag; i > 1; i >>= 1)
 261                 sblock.fs_fragshift++;
 262         if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
 263                 printf("fragment size %d is too small, "
 264                         "minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
 265                     sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
 266                     sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
 267                 exit(21);
 268         }
 269         sblock.fs_fsbtodb = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize);
 270 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 271         sblock.fs_size = sblock.fs_providersize = fssize =
 272             dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
 273 #else
 274         sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
 275 #endif
 276
 277         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 278                 sblock.fs_magic = FS_UFS1_MAGIC;
 279 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 280                 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS1;
 281 #endif
 282                 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs1_daddr_t);
 283                 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
 284                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((UFS_NDADDR + UFS_NIADDR) *
 285                     sizeof (ufs1_daddr_t));
 286                 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
 287                 sblock.fs_old_cgoffset = 0;
 288                 sblock.fs_old_cgmask = 0xffffffff;
 289 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 290                 sblock.fs_old_size = sblock.fs_size;
 291 #endif
 292                 sblock.fs_old_rotdelay = 0;
 293                 sblock.fs_old_rps = 60;
 294                 sblock.fs_old_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
 295                 sblock.fs_old_cpg = 1;
 296                 sblock.fs_old_interleave = 1;
 297                 sblock.fs_old_trackskew = 0;
 298                 sblock.fs_old_cpc = 0;
 299                 sblock.fs_old_postblformat = 1;
 300                 sblock.fs_old_nrpos = 1;
 301 #ifdef __DragonFly__    /* softupdates support */
 302                 if (ffs_opts->softupdates == 1)
 303                         sblock.fs_flags |= FS_DOSOFTDEP;
 304 #else   /* XXX UFS2 */
 305         } else {
 306                 sblock.fs_magic = FS_UFS2_MAGIC;
 307                 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS2;
 308                 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t);
 309                 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs2_dinode);
 310                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((UFS_NDADDR + UFS_NIADDR) *
 311                     sizeof (ufs2_daddr_t));
 312                 if (ffs_opts->softupdates == 1)
 313                         sblock.fs_flags |= FS_DOSOFTDEP;
 314 #endif
 315         }
 316
 317         sblock.fs_sblkno =
 318 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 319             roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_sblockloc + SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize),
 320 #else
 321             roundup(howmany(8192 + SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize),
 322 #endif
 323                 sblock.fs_frag);
 324         sblock.fs_cblkno = (makefs_daddr_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
 325             roundup(howmany(SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
 326         sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
 327         sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * UFS_NDADDR - 1;
 328         for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < UFS_NIADDR; i++) {
 329                 sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
 330                 sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
 331         }
 332
 333         /*
 334          * Calculate the number of blocks to put into each cylinder group.
 335          *
 336          * This algorithm selects the number of blocks per cylinder
 337          * group. The first goal is to have at least enough data blocks
 338          * in each cylinder group to meet the density requirement. Once
 339          * this goal is achieved we try to expand to have at least
 340          * 1 cylinder group. Once this goal is achieved, we pack as
 341          * many blocks into each cylinder group map as will fit.
 342          *
 343          * We start by calculating the smallest number of blocks that we
 344          * can put into each cylinder group. If this is too big, we reduce
 345          * the density until it fits.
 346          */
 347         origdensity = density;
 348         for (;;) {
 349                 fragsperinode = MAX(numfrags(&sblock, density), 1);
 350                 minfpg = fragsperinode * INOPB(&sblock);
 351                 if (minfpg > sblock.fs_size)
 352                         minfpg = sblock.fs_size;
 353                 sblock.fs_ipg = INOPB(&sblock);
 354                 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
 355                     sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
 356                 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
 357                         sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
 358                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 359                     INOPB(&sblock));
 360                 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
 361                     sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
 362                 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
 363                         sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
 364                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 365                     INOPB(&sblock));
 366 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 367                 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 368                         break;
 369 #else
 370                 if (FBSD_CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 371                         break;
 372 #endif
 373                 density -= sblock.fs_fsize;
 374         }
 375         if (density != origdensity)
 376                 printf("density reduced from %d to %d\n", origdensity, density);
 377
 378         if (maxblkspercg <= 0 || maxblkspercg >= fssize)
 379                 maxblkspercg = fssize - 1;
 380         /*
 381          * Start packing more blocks into the cylinder group until
 382          * it cannot grow any larger, the number of cylinder groups
 383          * drops below 1, or we reach the size requested.
 384          */
 385         for ( ; sblock.fs_fpg < maxblkspercg; sblock.fs_fpg += sblock.fs_frag) {
 386                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 387                     INOPB(&sblock));
 388                 if (sblock.fs_size / sblock.fs_fpg < 1)
 389                         break;
 390 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 391                 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 392                         continue;
 393                 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) == (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 394                         break;
 395 #else
 396                 if (FBSD_CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 397                         continue;
 398                 if (FBSD_CGSIZE(&sblock) == (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 399                         break;
 400 #endif
 401                 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
 402                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 403                     INOPB(&sblock));
 404                 break;
 405         }
 406         /*
 407          * Check to be sure that the last cylinder group has enough blocks
 408          * to be viable. If it is too small, reduce the number of blocks
 409          * per cylinder group which will have the effect of moving more
 410          * blocks into the last cylinder group.
 411          */
 412         optimalfpg = sblock.fs_fpg;
 413         for (;;) {
 414                 sblock.fs_ncg = howmany(sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_fpg);
 415                 lastminfpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
 416                     sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
 417                 if (sblock.fs_size < lastminfpg) {
 418                         printf("Filesystem size %lld < minimum size of %d\n",
 419                             (long long)sblock.fs_size, lastminfpg);
 420                         exit(28);
 421                 }
 422                 if (sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg >= lastminfpg ||
 423                     sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg == 0)
 424                         break;
 425                 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
 426                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 427                     INOPB(&sblock));
 428         }
 429         if (optimalfpg != sblock.fs_fpg)
 430                 printf("Reduced frags per cylinder group from %d to %d %s\n",
 431                    optimalfpg, sblock.fs_fpg, "to enlarge last cyl group");
 432 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 433         sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
 434 #else
 435         sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, FBSD_CGSIZE(&sblock));
 436 #endif
 437         sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
 438         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 439                 sblock.fs_old_spc = sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_old_nspf;
 440                 sblock.fs_old_nsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
 441                 sblock.fs_old_npsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
 442                 sblock.fs_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncg;
 443         }
 444
 445         /*
 446          * fill in remaining fields of the super block
 447          */
 448         sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
 449         sblock.fs_cssize =
 450             fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
 451
 452         /*
 453          * Setup memory for temporary in-core cylgroup summaries.
 454          * Cribbed from ffs_mountfs().
 455          */
 456         size = sblock.fs_cssize;
 457         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 458                 size += sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(int32_t);
 459         space = ecalloc(1, size);
 460         sblock.fs_csp = space;
 461         space = (char *)space + sblock.fs_cssize;
 462         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
 463                 int32_t *lp;
 464
 465                 sblock.fs_maxcluster = lp = space;
 466                 for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ncg; i++)
 467                 *lp++ = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
 468         }
 469
 470         sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
 471         if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBLOCKSIZE)
 472                 sblock.fs_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE;
 473         sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
 474         sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
 475         sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
 476         sblock.fs_optim = opt;
 477         sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
 478         sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0;
 479         sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0;
 480         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
 481         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
 482         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
 483         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
 484         sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
 485         sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
 486         sblock.fs_state = 0;
 487         sblock.fs_clean = FS_ISCLEAN;
 488         sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
 489         sblock.fs_id[0] = tstamp;
 490         sblock.fs_id[1] = random();
 491         sblock.fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0';
 492         csfrags = howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 493         sblock.fs_dsize = sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_sblkno -
 494             sblock.fs_ncg * (sblock.fs_dblkno - sblock.fs_sblkno);
 495         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree =
 496             fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_dsize) -
 497             howmany(csfrags, sblock.fs_frag);
 498         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree =
 499             fragnum(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) +
 500             (fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) > 0 ?
 501             sblock.fs_frag - fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) : 0);
 502         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree =
 503             sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_ipg - UFS_ROOTINO;
 504         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
 505         sblock.fs_dsize -= csfrags;
 506         sblock.fs_time = tstamp;
 507 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 508         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 509                 sblock.fs_old_time = tstamp;
 510                 sblock.fs_old_dsize = sblock.fs_dsize;
 511                 sblock.fs_old_csaddr = sblock.fs_csaddr;
 512                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
 513                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
 514                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
 515                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
 516         }
 517 #endif
 518         /*
 519          * Dump out summary information about file system.
 520          */
 521 #define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
 522         printf("%s: %.1fMB (%lld sectors) block size %d, "
 523                "fragment size %d\n",
 524             fsys, (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
 525             (long long)fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size),
 526             sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 527         printf("\tusing %d cylinder groups of %.2fMB, %d blks, "
 528                "%d inodes.\n",
 529             sblock.fs_ncg,
 530             (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
 531             sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag, sblock.fs_ipg);
 532 #undef B2MBFACTOR
 533         /*
 534          * Now determine how wide each column will be, and calculate how
 535          * many columns will fit in a 76 char line. 76 is the width of the
 536          * subwindows in sysinst.
 537          */
 538         printcolwidth = count_digits(
 539                         fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg -1)));
 540         nprintcols = 76 / (printcolwidth + 2);
 541
 542         /*
 543          * allocate space for superblock, cylinder group map, and
 544          * two sets of inode blocks.
 545          */
 546         if (sblock.fs_bsize < SBLOCKSIZE)
 547                 iobufsize = SBLOCKSIZE + 3 * sblock.fs_bsize;
 548         else
 549                 iobufsize = 4 * sblock.fs_bsize;
 550         iobuf = ecalloc(1, iobufsize);
 551         /*
 552          * Make a copy of the superblock into the buffer that we will be
 553          * writing out in each cylinder group.
 554          */
 555         memcpy(writebuf, &sblock, sbsize);
 556         if (fsopts->needswap)
 557                 ffs_sb_swap(&sblock, (struct fs*)writebuf);
 558         memcpy(iobuf, writebuf, SBLOCKSIZE);
 559
 560         printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:");
 561         for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
 562                 initcg(cylno, tstamp, fsopts);
 563                 if (cylno % nprintcols == 0)
 564                         printf("\n");
 565                 printf(" %*lld,", printcolwidth,
 566                         (long long)fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)));
 567                 fflush(stdout);
 568         }
 569         printf("\n");
 570
 571         /*
 572          * Now construct the initial file system,
 573          * then write out the super-block.
 574          */
 575         sblock.fs_time = tstamp;
 576 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 577         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 578                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
 579                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
 580                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
 581                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
 582         }
 583 #endif
 584         if (fsopts->needswap)
 585                 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_SWAPPED;
 586         ffs_write_superblock(&sblock, fsopts);
 587         return (&sblock);
 588 }
 589
 590 /*
 591  * Write out the superblock and its duplicates,
 592  * and the cylinder group summaries
 593  */
 594 void
 595 ffs_write_superblock(struct fs *fs, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 596 {
 597         int size, blks, i, saveflag;
 598         uint32_t cylno;
 599         void *space;
 600         char *wrbuf;
 601
 602         saveflag = fs->fs_flags & FS_INTERNAL;
 603         fs->fs_flags &= ~FS_INTERNAL;
 604
 605         memcpy(writebuf, &sblock, sbsize);
 606         if (fsopts->needswap)
 607                 ffs_sb_swap(fs, (struct fs*)writebuf);
 608 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 609         ffs_wtfs(fs->fs_sblockloc / sectorsize, sbsize, writebuf, fsopts);
 610 #else
 611         ffs_wtfs(8192 / sectorsize, sbsize, writebuf, fsopts);
 612 #endif
 613
 614         /* Write out the duplicate super blocks */
 615         for (cylno = 0; cylno < fs->fs_ncg; cylno++)
 616                 ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgsblock(fs, cylno)),
 617                     sbsize, writebuf, fsopts);
 618
 619         /* Write out the cylinder group summaries */
 620         size = fs->fs_cssize;
 621         blks = howmany(size, fs->fs_fsize);
 622         space = (void *)fs->fs_csp;
 623         wrbuf = emalloc(size);
 624         for (i = 0; i < blks; i+= fs->fs_frag) {
 625                 size = fs->fs_bsize;
 626                 if (i + fs->fs_frag > blks)
 627                         size = (blks - i) * fs->fs_fsize;
 628                 if (fsopts->needswap)
 629                         ffs_csum_swap((struct csum *)space,
 630                             (struct csum *)wrbuf, size);
 631                 else
 632                         memcpy(wrbuf, space, (u_int)size);
 633                 ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, fs->fs_csaddr + i), size, wrbuf, fsopts);
 634                 space = (char *)space + size;
 635         }
 636         free(wrbuf);
 637         fs->fs_flags |= saveflag;
 638 }
 639
 640 /*
 641  * Initialize a cylinder group.
 642  */
 643 static void
 644 initcg(uint32_t cylno, time_t utime, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 645 {
 646         makefs_daddr_t cbase, dmax;
 647         int32_t blkno;
 648         uint32_t i, j, d, dlower, dupper;
 649         struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
 650 #ifndef __DragonFly__ /* XXX UFS2 */
 651         struct ufs2_dinode *dp2;
 652 #endif
 653         int start;
 654
 655         /*
 656          * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
 657          * Allow space for super block summary information in first
 658          * cylinder group.
 659          */
 660         cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
 661         dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
 662         if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
 663                 dmax = sblock.fs_size;
 664         dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
 665         dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
 666         if (cylno == 0)
 667                 dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 668         memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
 669         acg.cg_time = utime;
 670         acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
 671         acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
 672         acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
 673 #ifndef __DragonFly__ /* XXX UFS2 */
 674         acg.cg_initediblk = MIN(sblock.fs_ipg, 2 * INOPB(&sblock));
 675 #endif
 676         acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
 677         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 678                 acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk >> sblock.fs_fragshift;
 679         start = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_firstfield);
 680 #ifndef __DragonFly__ /* XXX UFS2 */
 681         if (Oflag == 2) {
 682                 acg.cg_iusedoff = start;
 683         } else
 684 #endif
 685         {
 686                 if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
 687 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 688                         acg.cg_old_ncyl = howmany(acg.cg_ndblk,
 689                             sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_old_cpg);
 690 #else
 691                         acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
 692 #endif
 693                 else
 694                         acg.cg_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_old_cpg;
 695 #ifndef __DragonFly__
 696                 acg.cg_old_time = acg.cg_time;
 697                 acg.cg_time = 0;
 698                 acg.cg_old_niblk = acg.cg_niblk;
 699                 acg.cg_niblk = 0;
 700                 acg.cg_initediblk = 0;
 701 #endif
 702                 acg.cg_old_btotoff = start;
 703                 acg.cg_old_boff = acg.cg_old_btotoff +
 704                     sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
 705                 acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_old_boff +
 706                     sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t);
 707         }
 708         acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT);
 709         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize <= 0) {
 710                 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
 711                    howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT);
 712         } else {
 713                 acg.cg_clustersumoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
 714                     howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT) - sizeof(int32_t);
 715                 acg.cg_clustersumoff =
 716                     roundup(acg.cg_clustersumoff, sizeof(int32_t));
 717                 acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
 718                     (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(int32_t);
 719                 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff +
 720                     howmany(fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg), CHAR_BIT);
 721         }
 722         if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff > (uint32_t)sblock.fs_cgsize) {
 723                 printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
 724                 exit(37);
 725         }
 726         acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
 727         if (cylno == 0)
 728                 for (i = 0; i < UFS_ROOTINO; i++) {
 729                         setbit(cg_inosused_swap(&acg, 0), i);
 730                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
 731                 }
 732         if (cylno > 0) {
 733                 /*
 734                  * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
 735                  * for boot and super blocks.
 736                  */
 737                 for (d = 0, blkno = 0; d < dlower;) {
 738                         ffs_setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 739                         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 740                                 setbit(cg_clustersfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 741                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
 742 #ifdef __DragonFly__ /* XXX swildner: our fsck checks these */
 743                         cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
 744                         cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
 745                             [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
 746 #endif
 747                         d += sblock.fs_frag;
 748                         blkno++;
 749                 }
 750         }
 751         if ((i = (dupper & (sblock.fs_frag - 1))) != 0) {
 752                 acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
 753                 for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
 754                         setbit(cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), dupper);
 755                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
 756                 }
 757         }
 758         for (d = dupper, blkno = dupper >> sblock.fs_fragshift;
 759              d + sblock.fs_frag <= acg.cg_ndblk; ) {
 760                 ffs_setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 761                 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 762                         setbit(cg_clustersfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 763                 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
 764 #ifdef __DragonFly__ /* XXX swildner: our fsck checks these */
 765                 cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
 766                 cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
 767                     [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
 768 #endif
 769                 d += sblock.fs_frag;
 770                 blkno++;
 771         }
 772         if (d < acg.cg_ndblk) {
 773                 acg.cg_frsum[acg.cg_ndblk - d]++;
 774                 for (; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d++) {
 775                         setbit(cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), d);
 776                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
 777                 }
 778         }
 779         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
 780                 int32_t *sump = cg_clustersum_swap(&acg, 0);
 781                 u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree_swap(&acg, 0);
 782                 int map = *mapp++;
 783                 int bit = 1;
 784                 int run = 0;
 785
 786                 for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
 787                         if ((map & bit) != 0) {
 788                                 run++;
 789                         } else if (run != 0) {
 790                                 if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
 791                                         run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
 792                                 sump[run]++;
 793                                 run = 0;
 794                         }
 795                         if ((i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)) != (CHAR_BIT - 1)) {
 796                                 bit <<= 1;
 797                         } else {
 798                                 map = *mapp++;
 799                                 bit = 1;
 800                         }
 801                 }
 802                 if (run != 0) {
 803                         if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
 804                                 run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
 805                         sump[run]++;
 806                 }
 807         }
 808         sblock.fs_cs(&sblock, cylno) = acg.cg_cs;
 809         /*
 810          * Write out the duplicate super block, the cylinder group map
 811          * and two blocks worth of inodes in a single write.
 812          */
 813         start = MAX(sblock.fs_bsize, SBLOCKSIZE);
 814         memcpy(&iobuf[start], &acg, sblock.fs_cgsize);
 815         if (fsopts->needswap)
 816                 ffs_cg_swap(&acg, (struct cg*)&iobuf[start], &sblock);
 817         start += sblock.fs_bsize;
 818         dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
 819 #ifndef __DragonFly__ /* XXX UFS2 */
 820         dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
 821         for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_initediblk; i++) {
 822                 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
 823                         /* No need to swap, it'll stay random */
 824                         dp1->di_gen = random();
 825                         dp1++;
 826                 } else {
 827                         dp2->di_gen = random();
 828                         dp2++;
 829                 }
 830         }
 831 #endif
 832         ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), iobufsize, iobuf,
 833             fsopts);
 834         /*
 835          * For the old file system, we have to initialize all the inodes.
 836          */
 837         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 838                 for (i = 2 * sblock.fs_frag;
 839                      i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
 840                      i += sblock.fs_frag) {
 841                         dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
 842                         for (j = 0; j < INOPB(&sblock); j++) {
 843                                 dp1->di_gen = random();
 844                                 dp1++;
 845                         }
 846                         ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
 847                             sblock.fs_bsize, &iobuf[start], fsopts);
 848                 }
 849         }
 850 }
 851
 852 /*
 853  * read a block from the file system
 854  */
 855 void
 856 ffs_rdfs(makefs_daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 857 {
 858         int n;
 859         off_t offset;
 860
 861         offset = bno * fsopts->sectorsize + fsopts->offset;
 862         if (lseek(fsopts->fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
 863                 err(1, "%s: seek error for sector %lld", __func__,
 864                     (long long)bno);
 865         n = read(fsopts->fd, bf, size);
 866         if (n == -1) {
 867                 abort();
 868                 err(1, "%s: read error bno %lld size %d", __func__,
 869                     (long long)bno, size);
 870         }
 871         else if (n != size)
 872                 errx(1, "%s: read error for sector %lld", __func__,
 873                     (long long)bno);
 874 }
 875
 876 /*
 877  * write a block to the file system
 878  */
 879 void
 880 ffs_wtfs(makefs_daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 881 {
 882         int n;
 883         off_t offset;
 884
 885         offset = bno * fsopts->sectorsize + fsopts->offset;
 886         if (lseek(fsopts->fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
 887                 err(1, "%s: seek error for sector %lld", __func__,
 888                     (long long)bno);
 889         n = write(fsopts->fd, bf, size);
 890         if (n == -1)
 891                 err(1, "%s: write error for sector %lld", __func__,
 892                     (long long)bno);
 893         else if (n != size)
 894                 errx(1, "%s: write error for sector %lld", __func__,
 895                     (long long)bno);
 896 }
 897
 898
 899 /* Determine how many digits are needed to print a given integer */
 900 static int
 901 count_digits(int num)
 902 {
 903         int ndig;
 904
 905         for(ndig = 1; num > 9; num /=10, ndig++);
 906
 907         return (ndig);
 908 }
 909
 910 static int
 911 ilog2(int val)
 912 {
 913         u_int n;
 914
 915         for (n = 0; n < sizeof(n) * CHAR_BIT; n++)
 916                 if (1 << n == val)
 917                         return (n);
 918         errx(1, "%s: %d is not a power of 2", __func__, val);
 919 }