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2 Copyright (C) Lucent Technologies 1997
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25 This file lists all bug fixes, changes, etc., made since the AWK book
26 was sent to the printers in August, 1987.
29 added #ifdef for isblank.
30 now allows -ffoo as well as -f foo arguments.
34 after advice from todd miller, kevin lo, ruslan ermilov,
35 and arnold robbins, changed srand() to return the previous
36 seed (which is 1 on the first call of srand). the seed is
37 an Awkfloat internally though converted to unsigned int to
38 pass to the library srand(). thanks, everyone.
40 fixed a subtle (and i hope low-probability) overflow error
41 in fldbld, by adding space for one extra \0. thanks to
42 robert bassett for spotting this one and providing a fix.
44 removed the files related to compilation on windows. i no
45 longer have anything like a current windows environment, so
46 i can't test any of it.
49 fixed long-standing overflow bug in run.c; many thanks to
50 nelson beebe for spotting it and providing the fix.
52 fixed bug that didn't parse -vd=1 properly; thanks to santiago
56 i give up. replaced isblank with isspace in b.c; there are
57 no consistent header files.
60 fixed a long-standing issue with when FS takes effect. a
61 change to FS is now noticed immediately for subsequent splits.
63 changed the name getline() to awkgetline() to avoid yet another
64 name conflict somewhere.
67 temporarily for now defined HAS_ISBLANK, since that seems to
68 be the best way through the thicket. isblank arrived in C99,
69 but seems to be arriving at different systems at different
73 fixed typo in b.c that set tmpvec wrongly. no one had ever
74 run into the problem, apparently. thanks to alistair crooks.
77 minor fix in lib.c: increase inputFS to 100, change malloc
80 fixed memory fault caused by out of order test in setsval.
82 thanks to david o'brien, freebsd, for both fixes.
85 fiddle in makefile to fix for BSD make; thanks to igor sobrado.
88 fixed some null pointer refs calling adjbuf.
91 fixed a bug in matching the null RE in sub and gsub. thanks to al aho
92 who actually did the fix (in b.c), and to wolfgang seeberg for finding
93 it and providing a very compact test case.
95 fixed quotation in b.c; thanks to Hal Pratt and the Princeton Dante
98 removed some no-effect asserts in run.c.
100 fiddled maketab.c to not complain about bison-generated values.
102 removed the obsolete -V argument; fixed --version to print the
105 fixed wording and an outright error in the usage message; thanks to igor
106 sobrado and jason mcintyre.
108 fixed a bug in -d that caused core dump if no program followed.
111 dropped mac.code from makefile; there are few non-MacOSX
115 system() not flagged as unsafe in the unadvertised -safe option.
116 found it while enhancing tests before shipping the ;login: article.
117 practice what you preach.
119 removed the 9-years-obsolete -mr and -mf flags.
121 added -version and --version options.
123 core dump on linux with BEGIN {nextfile}, now fixed.
125 removed some #ifdef's in run.c and lex.c that appear to no
129 modified lib.c so that values of $0 et al are preserved in the END
130 block, apparently as required by posix. thanks to havard eidnes
131 for the report and code.
134 fixed infinite loop in parsing, originally found by brian tsang.
135 thanks to arnold robbins for a suggestion that started me
139 prevent overflow of -f array in main, head off potential error in
140 call of SYNTAX(), test malloc return in lib.c, all with thanks to
144 cranked up size of NCHARS; coverity thinks it can be overrun with
145 smaller size, and i think that's right. added some assertions to b.c
146 to catch places where it might overrun. the RE code is still fragile.
149 fixed a couple of overflow problems with ridiculous field numbers:
150 e.g., print $(2^32-1). thanks to ruslan ermilov, giorgos keramidas
151 and david o'brien at freebsd.org for patches. this really should
152 be re-done from scratch.
155 fixed another 25-year-old RE bug, in split. it's another failure
156 to (re-)initialize. thanks to steve fisher for spotting this and
157 providing a good test case.
160 fixed a bug in regular expressions that dates (so help me) from 1977;
161 it's been there from the beginning. an anchored longest match that
162 was longer than the number of states triggered a failure to initialize
163 the machine properly. many thanks to moinak ghosh for not only finding
164 this one but for providing a fix, in some of the most mysterious
167 fixed a storage leak in call() that appears to have been there since
168 1983 or so -- a function without an explicit return that assigns a
169 string to a parameter leaked a Cell. thanks to moinak ghosh for
170 spotting this very subtle one.
173 fixed, thanks to andrey chernov and ruslan ermilov, a bug in lex.c
174 that mis-handled the character 255 in input. (it was being compared
175 to EOF with a signed comparison.)
178 fixed (i think) the long-standing botch that included the beginning of
179 line state ^ for RE's in the set of valid characters; this led to a
180 variety of odd problems, including failure to properly match certain
181 regular expressions in non-US locales. thanks to ruslan for keeping
185 n-th try at getting internationalization right, with thanks to volker
186 kiefel, arnold robbins and ruslan ermilov for advice, though they
187 should not be blamed for the outcome. according to posix, "." is the
188 radix character in programs and command line arguments regardless of
189 the locale; otherwise, the locale should prevail for input and output
190 of numbers. so it's intended to work that way.
192 i have rescinded the attempt to use strcoll in expanding shorthands in
193 regular expressions (cclenter). its properties are much too
194 surprising; for example [a-c] matches aAbBc in locale en_US but abBcC
195 in locale fr_CA. i can see how this might arise by implementation
196 but i cannot explain it to a human user. (this behavior can be seen
197 in gawk as well; we're leaning on the same library.)
199 the issue appears to be that strcoll is meant for sorting, where
200 merging upper and lower case may make sense (though note that unix
201 sort does not do this by default either). it is not appropriate
202 for regular expressions, where the goal is to match specific
203 patterns of characters. in any case, the notations [:lower:], etc.,
204 are available in awk, and they are more likely to work correctly in
207 a moratorium is hereby declared on internationalization changes.
208 i apologize to friends and colleagues in other parts of the world.
209 i would truly like to get this "right", but i don't know what
210 that is, and i do not want to keep making changes until it's clear.
213 fixed bug that permitted non-terminated RE, as in "awk /x".
216 subtle change to split: if source is empty, number of elems
217 is always 0 and the array is not set.
220 added some parens to isblank, in another attempt to make things
221 internationally portable.
224 the internationalization changes, somewhat modified, are now
225 reinstated. in theory awk will now do character comparisons
226 and case conversions in national language, but "." will always
227 be the decimal point separator on input and output regardless
228 of national language. isblank(){} has an #ifndef.
230 this no longer compiles on windows: LC_MESSAGES isn't defined
233 fixed subtle behavior in field and record splitting: if FS is
234 a single character and RS is not empty, \n is NOT a separator.
235 this tortuous reading is found in the awk book; behavior now
236 matches gawk and mawk.
239 for the moment, the internationalization changes of nov 29 are
240 rolled back -- programs like x = 1.2 don't work in some locales,
241 because the parser is expecting x = 1,2. until i understand this
242 better, this will have to wait.
245 modified b.c (with tiny changes in main and run) to support
246 locales, using strcoll and iswhatever tests for posix character
247 classes. thanks to ruslan ermilov (ru@freebsd.org) for code.
248 the function isblank doesn't seem to have propagated to any
249 header file near me, so it's there explicitly. not properly
250 tested on non-ascii character sets by me.
253 modified run/format() and tran/getsval() to do a slightly better
254 job on using OFMT for output from print and CONVFMT for other
255 number->string conversions, as promised by posix and done by
256 gawk and mawk. there are still places where it doesn't work
257 right if CONVFMT is changed; by then the STR attribute of the
258 variable has been irrevocably set. thanks to arnold robbins for
261 fixed subtle bug in format that could get core dump. thanks to
262 Jaromir Dolecek <jdolecek@NetBSD.org> for finding and fixing.
263 minor cleanup in run.c / format() at the same time.
265 added some tests for null pointers to debugging printf's, which
266 were never intended for external consumption. thanks to dave
267 kerns (dkerns@lucent.com) for pointing this out.
269 GNU compatibility: an empty regexp matches anything (thanks to
270 dag-erling smorgrav, des@ofug.org). subject to reversion if
271 this does more harm than good.
273 pervasive small changes to make things more const-correct, as
274 reported by gcc's -Wwrite-strings. as it says in the gcc manual,
275 this may be more nuisance than useful. provoked by a suggestion
276 and code from arnaud desitter, arnaud@nimbus.geog.ox.ac.uk
278 minor documentation changes to note that this now compiles out
279 of the box on Mac OS X.
282 changed types in posix chars structure to quiet solaris cc.
285 fflush() or fflush("") flushes all files and pipes.
287 length(arrayname) returns number of elements; thanks to
288 arnold robbins for suggestion.
290 added a makefile.win to make it easier to build on windows.
291 based on dan allen's buildwin.bat.
294 added support for posix character class names like [:digit:],
295 which are not exactly shorter than [0-9] and perhaps no more
296 portable. thanks to dag-erling smorgrav for code.
299 removed -m option; no longer needed, and it was actually
300 broken (noted thanks to volker kiefel).
303 fixed an appalling bug in gettok: any sequence of digits, +,-, E, e,
304 and period was accepted as a valid number if it started with a period.
305 this would never have happened with the lex version.
307 other 1-character botches, now fixed, include a bare $ and a
308 bare " at the end of the input.
311 more (const char *) casts in b.c and tran.c to silence warnings.
314 fixed a bug introduced in august 1997 that caused expressions
315 like $f[1] to be syntax errors. thanks to arnold robbins for
316 noticing this and providing a fix.
319 fixed some nextfile bugs: not handling all cases. thanks to
320 arnold robbins for pointing this out. new regressions added.
322 close() is now a function. it returns whatever the library
323 fclose returns, and -1 for closing a file or pipe that wasn't
327 permit \n explicitly in character classes; won't work right
328 if comes in as "[\n]" but ok as /[\n]/, because of multiple
329 processing of \'s. thanks to arnold robbins.
332 minor fiddles in tran.c to keep compilers happy about uschar.
333 thanks to norman wilson.
336 yet another attempt at making 8-bit input work, with another
337 band-aid in b.c (member()), and some (uschar) casts to head
338 off potential errors in subscripts (like isdigit). also
339 changed HAT to NCHARS-2. thanks again to santiago vila.
341 changed maketab.c to ignore apparently out of range definitions
342 instead of halting; new freeBSD generates one. thanks to
343 jon snader <jsnader@ix.netcom.com> for pointing out the problem.
346 fixed an 8-bit problem in b.c by making several char*'s into
347 unsigned char*'s. not clear i have them all yet. thanks to
348 Santiago Vila <sanvila@unex.es> for the bug report.
351 finally found and fixed a memory leak in function call; it's
352 been there since functions were added ~1983. thanks to
353 jon bentley for the test case that found it.
355 added test in envinit to catch environment "variables" with
356 names beginning with '='; thanks to Berend Hasselman.
359 added test in defn() to catch function foo(foo), which
360 otherwise recurses until core dump. thanks to arnold
361 robbins for noticing this.
364 added *bp in gettok in lex.c; appears possible to exit function
365 without terminating the string. thanks to russ cox.
368 added function stdinit() to run to initialize files[] array,
369 in case stdin, etc., are not constants; some compilers care.
372 replaced the ERROR ... FATAL, etc., macros with functions
373 based on vprintf, to avoid problems caused by overrunning
374 fixed-size errbuf array. thanks to ralph corderoy for the
375 impetus, and for pointing out a string termination bug in
379 fixed bug that caused occasional core dumps with commandline
380 variable with value ending in \. (thanks to nelson beebe for
384 with code kindly provided by Bruce Lilly, awk now parses
385 /=/ and similar constructs more sensibly in more places.
386 Bruce also provided some helpful test cases.
389 changed true/false to True/False in run.c to make it
390 easier to compile with C++. Added some casts on malloc
391 and realloc to be honest about casts; ditto. changed
392 ltype int to long in struct rrow to reduce some 64-bit
393 complaints; other changes scattered throughout for the
394 same purpose. thanks to Nelson Beebe for these portability
397 removed some horrible pointer-int casting in b.c and elsewhere
398 by adding ptoi and itonp to localize the casts, which are
399 all benign. fixed one incipient bug that showed up on sgi
402 reset lineno for new source file; include filename in error
403 message. also fixed line number error in continuation lines.
404 (thanks to Nelson Beebe for both of these.)
407 Nelson Beebe notes that irix 5.3 yacc dies with a bogus
408 error; use a newer version or switch to bison, since sgi
409 is unlikely to fix it.
412 changed isnumber to is_number to avoid the problem caused by
413 versions of ctype.h that include the name isnumber.
415 distribution now includes a script for building on a Mac,
419 fixed memory leaks in run.c (call) and tran.c (setfval).
420 thanks to Stephen Nutt for finding these and providing the fixes.
423 replaced srand argument by (unsigned int) in run.c;
424 avoids problem on Mac and potentially on Unix & Windows.
427 added a few (int) casts to silence useless compiler warnings.
428 e.g., errorflag= in run.c jump().
430 added proctab.c to the bundle outout; one less thing
431 to have to compile out of the box.
433 added calls to _popen and _pclose to the win95 stub for
434 pipes (thanks to Steve Adams for this helpful suggestion).
435 seems to work, though properties are not well understood
436 by me, and it appears that under some circumstances the
437 pipe output is truncated. Be careful.
440 fixed a couple of bugs in getrec: could fail to update $0
441 after a getline var; because inputFS wasn't initialized,
442 could split $0 on every character, a misleading diversion.
444 fixed caching bug in makedfa: LRU was actually removing
447 thanks to ross ridge for finding these, and for providing
451 fixed potential bug in readrec: might fail to update record
452 pointer after growing. thanks to dan levy for spotting this
453 and suggesting the fix.
456 added -V to print version number and die.
459 subtle silent bug in lex.c: if the program ended with a number
460 longer than 1 digit, part of the input would be pushed back and
461 parsed again because token buffer wasn't terminated right.
462 example: awk 'length($0) > 10'. blush. at least i found it
466 s/adelete/awkdelete/: SGI uses this in malloc.h.
467 thanks to nelson beebe for pointing this one out.
470 fixed some bugs in sub and gsub when replacement includes \\.
471 this is a dark, horrible corner, but at least now i believe that
472 the behavior is the same as gawk and the intended posix standard.
473 thanks to arnold robbins for advice here.
476 somewhat regretfully, replaced the ancient lex-based lexical
477 analyzer with one written in C. it's longer, generates less code,
478 and more portable; the old one depended too much on mysterious
479 properties of lex that were not preserved in other environments.
480 in theory these recognize the same language.
482 now using strtod to test whether a string is a number, instead of
483 the convoluted original function. should be more portable and
484 reliable if strtod is implemented right.
486 removed now-pointless optimization in makefile that tries to avoid
487 recompilation when awkgram.y is changed but symbols are not.
489 removed most fixed-size arrays, though a handful remain, some
490 of which are unchecked. you have been warned.
493 with some trepidation, replaced the ancient code that managed
494 fields and $0 in fixed-size arrays with arrays that grow on
495 demand. there is still some tension between trying to make this
496 run fast and making it clean; not sure it's right yet.
498 the ill-conceived -mr and -mf arguments are now useful only
499 for debugging. previous dynamic string code removed.
501 numerous other minor cleanups along the way.
504 using code provided by dan levy (to whom profuse thanks), replaced
505 fixed-size arrays and awkward kludges by a fairly uniform mechanism
506 to grow arrays as needed for printf, sub, gsub, etc.
509 falling off the end of a function returns "" and 0, not 0.
510 thanks to arnold robbins.
513 replaced several fixed-size arrays by dynamically-created ones
514 in run.c; added overflow tests to some previously unchecked cases.
515 getline, toupper, tolower.
517 getline code is still broken in that recursive calls may wind
518 up using the same space. [fixed later]
520 increased RECSIZE to 8192 to push problems further over the horizon.
522 added \r to \n as input line separator for programs, not data.
525 modified format() to permit explicit printf("%c", 0) to include
526 a null byte in output. thanks to ken stailey for the fix.
528 added a "-safe" argument that disables file output (print >,
529 print >>), process creation (cmd|getline, print |, system), and
530 access to the environment (ENVIRON). this is a first approximation
531 to a "safe" version of awk, but don't rely on it too much. thanks
532 to joan feigenbaum and matt blaze for the inspiration long ago.
535 fixed long-standing bug in sub, gsub(/a/, "\\\\&"); thanks to
539 fixed awful bug in new field splitting; didn't get all the places
540 where input was done.
543 changed field-splitting to conform to posix definition: fields are
544 split using the value of FS at the time of input; it used to be
545 the value when the field or NF was first referred to, a much less
546 predictable definition. thanks to arnold robbins for encouragement
547 to do the right thing.
550 fixed appalling but apparently unimportant bug in parsing octal
551 numbers in reg exprs.
553 explicit hex in reg exprs now limited to 2 chars: \xa, \xaa.
556 cleaned up some declarations so gcc -Wall is now almost silent.
558 makefile now includes backup copies of ytab.c and lexyy.c in case
559 one makes before looking; it also avoids recreating lexyy.c unless
562 s/aprintf/awkprint, s/asprintf/awksprintf/ to avoid some name clashes
563 with unwisely-written header files.
565 thanks to jeffrey friedl for several of these.
568 an attempt to rationalize the (unsigned) char issue. almost all
569 instances of unsigned char have been removed; the handful of places
570 in b.c where chars are used as table indices have been hand-crafted.
571 added some latin-1 tests to the regression, but i'm not confident;
572 none of my compilers seem to care much. thanks to nelson beebe for
573 pointing out some others that do care.
576 removed all register declarations.
578 enhanced split(), as in gawk, etc: split(s, a, "") splits s into
579 a[1]...a[length(s)] with each character a single element.
581 made the same changes for field-splitting if FS is "".
583 added nextfile, as in gawk: causes immediate advance to next
584 input file. (thanks to arnold robbins for inspiration and code).
586 small fixes to regexpr code: can now handle []], [[], and
587 variants; [] is now a syntax error, rather than matching
588 everything; [z-a] is now empty, not z. far from complete
589 or correct, however. (thanks to jeffrey friedl for pointing out
590 some awful behaviors.)
593 replaced uchar by uschar everywhere; apparently some compilers
594 usurp this name and this causes conflicts.
596 fixed call to time in run.c (bltin); arg is time_t *.
598 replaced horrible pointer/long punning in b.c by a legitimate
599 union. should be safer on 64-bit machines and cleaner everywhere.
600 (thanks to nelson beebe for pointing out some of these problems.)
602 replaced nested comments by #if 0...#endif in run.c, lib.c.
604 removed getsval, setsval, execute macros from run.c and lib.c.
605 machines are 100x faster than they were when these macros were
608 revised filenames: awk.g.y => awkgram.y, awk.lx.l => awklex.l,
609 y.tab.[ch] => ytab.[ch], lex.yy.c => lexyy.c, all in the aid of
610 portability to nameless systems.
612 "make bundle" now includes yacc and lex output files for recipients
613 who don't have yacc or lex.
616 initialized Cells in setsymtab more carefully; some fields
617 were not set. (thanks to purify, all of whose complaints i
618 think i now understand.)
620 fixed at least one error in gsub that looked at -1-th element
621 of an array when substituting for a null match (e.g., $).
623 delete arrayname is now legal; it clears the elements but leaves
624 the array, which may not be the right behavior.
626 modified makefile: my current make can't cope with the test used
627 to avoid unnecessary yacc invocations.
630 added dynamically growing strings to awk.lx.l and b.c
631 to permit regular expressions to be much bigger.
632 the state arrays can still overflow.
635 detect duplicate arguments in function definitions (mdm).
638 trivial fix to printf to limit string size in sub().
641 fixed yet another subtle self-assignment problem:
642 $1 = $2; $1 = $1 clobbered $1.
644 Regression tests now use private echo, to avoid quoting problems.
647 changed error() to print line number as %d, not %g.
650 cosmetic changes: increased sizes of some arrays,
651 reworded some error messages.
653 added CONVFMT as in posix (just replaced OFMT in getsval)
655 FILENAME is now "" until the first thing that causes a file
659 deleted yyunput and yyoutput from proto.h;
660 different versions of lex give these different declarations.
663 added -mr N and -mf N options: more record and fields.
664 these really ought to adjust automatically.
666 cleaned up some error messages; "out of space" now means
667 malloc returned NULL in all cases.
669 changed rehash so that if it runs out, it just returns;
670 things will continue to run slow, but maybe a bit longer.
673 remove redundant close of stdin when using -f -.
675 got rid of core dump with -d; awk -d just prints date.
678 added explicit check for /dev/std(in,out,err) in redirection.
679 unlike gawk, no /dev/fd/n yet.
681 added (file/pipe) builtin. hard to test satisfactorily.
685 recompile after abortive changes; should be unchanged.
688 die-casting time: converted to ansi C, installed that.
691 fixed storage leak in freefa, failing to recover [N]CCL.
692 thanks to Bill Jones (jones@cs.usask.ca)
695 use RAND_MAX instead of literal in builtin().
698 cranked up some fixed-size arrays in b.c, and added a test for
699 overflow in penter. thanks to mark larsen.
702 increased buffer in gsub. a very crude fix to a general problem.
706 enforce variable name syntax for commandline variables: has to
707 start with letter or _.
710 allow newline after ; in for statements.
713 fixed so that in self-assignment like $1=$1, side effects
714 like recomputing $0 take place. (this is getting subtle.)
717 better test for detecting too-long output record.
720 better defense against very long printf strings.
721 made break and continue illegal outside of loops.
724 removed extra arg on gettemp, tempfree. minor error message rewording.
727 fixed silly bug in hex parsing in hexstr().
728 removed an apparently unnecessary test in isnumber().
729 warn about weird printf conversions.
730 fixed unchecked array overwrite in relex().
732 changed for (i in array) to access elements in sorted order.
733 then unchanged it -- it really does run slower in too many cases.
734 left the code in place, commented out.
737 check error status on all writes, to avoid banging on full disks.
740 awk -f - reads the program from stdin.
743 failed to set numeric state on $0 in cmd|getline context in run.c.
746 fixed sleazy test for integrality in getsval; use modf.
749 fixed sleazy buggy code in lib.c that looked (incorrectly) for
750 too long input lines.
753 fixed the bug on p. 198 in which it couldn't deduce that an
754 argument was an array in some contexts. replaced the error
755 message in intest() by code that damn well makes it an array.
758 fixed horrible bug: types and values were not preserved in
759 some kinds of self-assignment. (in assign().)
762 changed NCHARS to 256 to handle 8-bit characters in strings
763 presented to match(), etc.
766 changed struct rrow (awk.h) to use long instead of int for lval,
767 since cfoll() stores a pointer in it. now works better when int's
768 are smaller than pointers!
771 AVA fixed the grammar so that ! is uniformly of the same precedence as
772 unary + and -. This renders illegal some constructs like !x=y, which
773 now has to be parenthesized as !(x=y), and makes others work properly:
774 !x+y is (!x)+y, and x!y is x !y, not two pattern-action statements.
775 (These problems were pointed out by Bob Lenk of Posix.)
777 Added \x to regular expressions (already in strings).
778 Limited octal to octal digits; \8 and \9 are not octal.
779 Centralized the code for parsing escapes in regular expressions.
780 Added a bunch of tests to T.re and T.sub to verify some of this.
783 fixed null pointer dereference bug in main.c: -F[nothing]. sigh.
785 restored srand behavior: it returns the current seed.
788 srand now returns previous seed value (0 to start).
791 fix potential problem in tran.c -- something was freed,
792 then used in freesymtab.
795 another try to get the max number of open files set with
796 relatively machine-independent code.
798 small fix to input() in case of multiple reads after EOF.
801 FILENAME is now defined in the BEGIN block -- too many old
804 "-" means stdin in getline as well as on the commandline.
806 added a bunch of casts to the code to tell the truth about
807 char * vs. unsigned char *, a right royal pain. added a
808 setlocale call to the front of main, though probably no one
809 has it usefully implemented yet.
812 removed redundant relational tests against nullnode if parse
813 tree already had a relational at that point.
816 fixed bug: commandline variable assignment has to look like
817 var=something. (consider the man page for =, in file =.1)
819 changed number of arguments to functions to static arrays
820 to avoid repeated malloc calls.
823 restored -F (space) separator
826 added -v x=1 y=2 ... for immediate commandline variable assignment;
827 done before the BEGIN block for sure. they have to precede the
828 program if the program is on the commandline.
829 Modified Aug 2 to require a separate -v for each assignment.
832 fixed ref-thru-zero bug in environment code in tran.c
835 add newline to usage message.
838 added some missing ansi printf conversion letters: %i %X %E %G.
839 no sensible meaning for h or L, so they may not do what one expects.
841 made %* conversions work.
843 changed x^y so that if n is a positive integer, it's done
844 by explicit multiplication, thus achieving maximum accuracy.
845 (this should be done by pow() but it seems not to be locally.)
846 done to x ^= y as well.
849 ENVIRON array contains environment: if shell variable V=thing,
850 ENVIRON["V"] is "thing"
852 multiple -f arguments permitted. error reporting is naive.
853 (they were permitted before, but only the last was used.)
855 fixed a really stupid botch in the debugging macro dprintf
857 fixed order of evaluation of commandline assignments to match
858 what the book claims: an argument of the form x=e is evaluated
859 at the time it would have been opened if it were a filename (p 63).
860 this invalidates the suggested answer to ex 4-1 (p 195).
862 removed some code that permitted -F (space) fieldseparator,
863 since it didn't quite work right anyway. (restored aug 2)
866 Line number now accumulated correctly for comment lines.
869 Debugging output now includes a version date,
870 if one compiles it into the source each time.
873 Changed grammar to prohibit constants as 3rd arg of sub and gsub;
874 prevents class of overwriting-a-constant errors. (Last one?)
875 This invalidates the "banana" example on page 43 of the book.
877 Added \a ("alert"), \v (vertical tab), \xhhh (hexadecimal),
878 as in ANSI, for strings. Rescinded the sloppiness that permitted
879 non-octal digits in \ooo. Warning: not all compilers and libraries
880 will be able to deal with \x correctly.
883 Fixed bug that caused tempcell list to contain a duplicate.
887 Catches some more commandline errors in main.
888 Removed redundant decl of modf in run.c (confuses some compilers).
889 Warning: there's no single declaration of malloc, etc., in awk.h
890 that seems to satisfy all compilers.
893 Added a bit of code to error printing to avoid printing nulls.
894 (Not clear that it actually would.)
897 With fear and trembling, modified the grammar to permit
898 multiple pattern-action statements on one line without
899 an explicit separator. By definition, this capitulation
900 to the ghost of ancient implementations remains undefined
901 and thus subject to change without notice or apology.
905 Fixed bug in call() that failed to recover storage.
907 A warning is now generated if there are more arguments
908 in the call than in the definition (in lieu of fixing
909 another storage leak).
912 Fixed %c: if expr is numeric, use numeric value;
913 otherwise print 1st char of string value. still
914 doesn't work if the value is 0 -- won't print \0.
916 Added a few more checks for running out of malloc.
919 Fixed bug in call() that freed local arrays twice.
921 Fixed to handle deletion of non-existent array right;
922 complains about attempt to delete non-array element.
925 Now guarantees to evaluate all arguments of built-in
926 functions, as in C; the appearance is that arguments
927 are evaluated before the function is called. Places
928 affected are sub (gsub was ok), substr, printf, and
929 all the built-in arithmetic functions in bltin().
930 A warning is generated if a bltin() is called with
931 the wrong number of arguments.
933 This requires changing makeprof on p167 of the book.
936 setting FILENAME in BEGIN caused core dump, apparently
937 because it was freeing space not allocated by malloc.
940 fixed egregious error in toupper/tolower functions.
941 still subject to rescinding, however.
944 flush stdout before opening file or pipe
947 performance bug in b.c/cgoto(): not freeing some sets of states.
948 partial fix only right now, and the number of states increased
949 to make it less obvious.
952 check error status on close
955 srand returns seed value it's using.
959 Removed limit on depth of function calls.
962 Fixed lib.c to permit _ in commandline variable names.
965 main.c fixed to recognize -- as terminator of command-
966 line options. Illegal options flagged.
967 Error reporting slightly cleaned up.
970 Newer C compilers apply a strict scope rule to extern
971 declarations within functions. Two extern declarations in
972 lib.c and tran.c have been moved to obviate this problem.
975 Reluctantly added toupper and tolower functions.
976 Subject to rescinding without notice.
979 Error-message printer had printf(s) instead of
980 printf("%s",s); got core dumps when the message
984 Very long printf strings caused core dump;
985 fixed aprintf, asprintf, format to catch them.
986 Can still get a core dump in printf itself.