2 * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15 * without specific prior written permission.
17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
30 * @(#)ps.c 8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
31 * $FreeBSD: src/bin/ps/ps.c,v 1.30.2.6 2002/07/04 08:30:37 sobomax Exp $
35 #include <sys/param.h>
37 #include <sys/queue.h>
38 #include <sys/resource.h>
40 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
41 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
42 #include <sys/mount.h>
61 #define SEP ", \t" /* username separators */
64 #define KHMASK (KHSIZE - 1)
68 struct varent *vhead, *vtail;
70 int eval; /* exit value */
73 int sumrusage; /* -S */
74 int termwidth; /* width of screen (0 == infinity) */
75 int totwidth; /* calculated width of requested variables */
76 int numcpus; /* hw.ncpu */
78 static int needuser, needcomm, needenv;
80 static int forceuread=0;
81 #define PS_ARGS "aCcefgHhjLlM:mN:O:o:p:rRSTt:U:uvwx"
83 static int forceuread=1;
84 #define PS_ARGS "aCcegHhjLlM:mN:O:o:p:rRSTt:U:uvwx"
87 enum sort { DEFAULT, SORTMEM, SORTCPU } sortby = DEFAULT;
89 static const char *getfmt (char **(*)(kvm_t *, const struct kinfo_proc *, int),
90 KINFO *, char *, int);
91 static char *kludge_oldps_options (char *);
92 static int pscomp (const void *, const void *);
93 static void dochain (KINFO **ksort, int *nentriesp, pid_t pid);
94 static void saveuser (KINFO *);
95 static void scanvars (void);
96 static void dynsizevars (KINFO *);
97 static void sizevars (void);
98 static int check_procfs(void);
99 static void usage (void);
100 static uid_t *getuids(const char *, int *);
102 struct timeval btime;
104 static char dfmt[] = "pid tt state time command";
105 static char jfmt[] = "user pid ppid pgid sess jobc state tt time command";
106 static char lfmt[] = "uid pid ppid cpu pri nice vsz rss wchan state tt time command";
107 static char o1[] = "pid";
108 static char o2[] = "tt state time command";
109 static char ufmt[] = "user pid %cpu %mem vsz rss tt state start time command";
110 static char vfmt[] = "pid state time sl re pagein vsz rss lim tsiz %cpu %mem command";
115 main(int argc, char **argv)
117 struct kinfo_proc *kp;
123 int all, ch, flag, i, fmt, ofmt, lineno, nentries, nocludge, dropgid;
124 int prtheader, wflag, what, xflg, uid, nuids, showtid;
126 char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
127 const char *cp, *nlistf, *memf;
128 size_t btime_size = sizeof(struct timeval);
129 size_t numcpus_size = sizeof(numcpus);
131 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
133 if ((ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
134 ioctl(STDERR_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
135 ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1) ||
139 termwidth = ws.ws_col - 1;
142 * Don't apply a kludge if the first argument is an option taking an
147 if (argv[1][0] == '-') {
148 for (cp = PS_ARGS; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
151 if (*(cp - 1) == argv[1][1]) {
158 argv[1] = kludge_oldps_options(argv[1]);
161 all = fmt = ofmt = prtheader = wflag = xflg = showtid = 0;
168 memf = nlistf = _PATH_DEVNULL;
170 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, PS_ARGS)) != -1) {
181 case 'e': /* XXX set ufmt */
187 showtid = KERN_PROC_FLAG_LWP;
190 prtheader = ws.ws_row > 5 ? ws.ws_row : 22;
220 o1[0] = o2[0] = '\0';
229 if (getuid() == 0 || getgid() == 0)
247 if ((optarg = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO)) == NULL)
248 errx(1, "stdin: not a terminal");
252 char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
255 if (strcmp(optarg, "co") == 0) {
256 ttypath = _PATH_CONSOLE;
257 } else if (*optarg >= '0' && *optarg <= '9') {
258 snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf),
259 "%spts/%s", _PATH_DEV, optarg);
261 } else if (*optarg != '/') {
262 snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf),
263 "%s%s", _PATH_TTY, optarg);
268 if (stat(ttypath, &sb) == -1)
269 err(1, "%s", ttypath);
270 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
271 errx(1, "%s: not a terminal", ttypath);
276 uids = getuids(optarg, &nuids);
277 xflg++; /* XXX: intuitive? */
293 termwidth = UNLIMITED;
294 else if (termwidth < 131)
310 * If the user specified ps -e then they want a copy of the process
311 * environment kvm_getenvv(3) attempts to open /proc/<pid>/mem.
312 * Check to make sure that procfs is mounted on /proc, otherwise
313 * print a warning informing the user that output will be incomplete.
315 if (needenv == 1 && check_procfs() == 0)
316 warnx("Process environment requires procfs(5)");
318 #define BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
319 #ifdef BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
328 * Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad
329 * guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory.
336 kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
338 errx(1, "%s", errbuf);
344 * Add TID to output format if requested unless user-specific format
347 if (showtid && !ofmt)
350 /* XXX - should be cleaner */
351 if (!all && ttydev == NODEV && pid == -1 && !nuids) {
352 if ((uids = malloc(sizeof (*uids))) == NULL)
353 errx(1, "malloc: %s", strerror(errno));
359 * scan requested variables, noting what structures are needed,
360 * and adjusting header widths as appropriate.
367 if (sysctlbyname("kern.boottime", &btime, &btime_size, NULL, 0) < 0) {
368 perror("sysctl: kern.boottime");
375 if (sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &numcpus, &numcpus_size, NULL, 0) < 0)
382 what = KERN_PROC_UID;
384 } else if (ttydev != NODEV) {
385 what = KERN_PROC_TTY;
387 } else if (pid != -1 && chainflg == 0) {
388 what = KERN_PROC_PID;
391 what = KERN_PROC_ALL;
399 if ((kp = kvm_getprocs(kd, what, flag, &nentries)) == NULL)
400 errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
401 if ((KInfo = calloc(nentries, sizeof(KINFO))) == NULL)
403 if ((KSort = malloc(nentries * sizeof(KINFO *))) == NULL)
406 for (i = 0; i < nentries; ++i) {
407 KInfo[i].ki_proc = &kp[i];
408 KInfo[i].ki_indent = -1;
409 KInfo[i].ki_ctailp = &KInfo[i].ki_cbase;
412 dynsizevars(&KInfo[i]);
413 KSort[i] = &KInfo[i];
427 qsort(KSort, nentries, sizeof(KINFO *), pscomp);
430 * rejigger and indent children, parent(s) and children
431 * at each level retain the above sort characteristics.
434 dochain(KSort, &nentries, pid);
437 * for each proc, call each variable output function.
439 for (i = lineno = 0; i < nentries; i++) {
440 if (xflg == 0 && (KI_PROC(KSort[i], tdev) == NODEV ||
441 (KI_PROC(KSort[i], flags) & P_CONTROLT ) == 0))
444 for (uid = 0; uid < nuids; uid++)
445 if (KI_PROC(KSort[i], uid) ==
451 STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &var_head, link) {
452 (vent->var->oproc)(KSort[i], vent);
453 if (STAILQ_NEXT(vent, link) != NULL)
457 if (prtheader && lineno++ == prtheader - 4) {
469 getuids(const char *arg, int *nuids)
471 char name[MAXLOGNAME];
473 uid_t *uids, *moreuids;
481 for (; (l = strcspn(arg, SEP)) > 0; arg += l + strspn(arg + l, SEP)) {
482 if (l >= sizeof name) {
483 warnx("%.*s: name too long", (int)l, arg);
486 strncpy(name, arg, l);
488 if ((pwd = getpwnam(name)) == NULL) {
489 warnx("%s: no such user", name);
492 if (*nuids >= alloc) {
493 alloc = (alloc + 1) << 1;
494 moreuids = realloc(uids, alloc * sizeof (*uids));
495 if (moreuids == NULL) {
497 errx(1, "realloc: %s", strerror(errno));
501 uids[(*nuids)++] = pwd->pw_uid;
506 errx(1, "No users specified");
517 STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &var_head, link) {
519 if (v->flag & DSIZ) {
520 vent->dwidth = vent->width;
531 dynsizevars(KINFO *ki)
537 STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &var_head, link) {
539 if (!(v->flag & DSIZ))
544 if (vent->width > vent->dwidth)
545 vent->width = vent->dwidth;
555 STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &var_head, link) {
556 i = strlen(vent->header);
559 totwidth += vent->width + 1; /* +1 for space */
565 getfmt(char **(*fn) (kvm_t *, const struct kinfo_proc *, int), KINFO *ki, char
571 fmt_argv((*fn)(kd, ki->ki_proc, termwidth), comm, maxlen)) == NULL)
580 * save arguments if needed
583 ki->ki_args = getfmt(kvm_getargv, ki, KI_PROC(ki, comm),
589 ki->ki_env = getfmt(kvm_getenvv, ki, NULL, 0);
596 pscomp(const void *arg_a, const void *arg_b)
598 const KINFO *a = *(KINFO * const *)arg_a;
599 const KINFO *b = *(KINFO * const *)arg_b;
604 #define VSIZE(k) (KI_PROC(k, vm_dsize) + KI_PROC(k, vm_ssize) + \
605 KI_PROC(k, vm_tsize))
608 if (sortby == SORTIAC)
609 return (KI_PROC(a)->p_usdata.bsd4.interactive - KI_PROC(b)->p_usdata.bsd4.interactive);
611 if (sortby == SORTCPU) {
612 di = getpcpu(b) - getpcpu(a);
619 if (sortby == SORTMEM) {
620 si = VSIZE(b) - VSIZE(a);
627 i = KI_PROC(a, tdev) - KI_PROC(b, tdev);
629 i = KI_PROC(a, pid) - KI_PROC(b, pid);
634 * Chain (-R) option. Sub-sorts by parent/child association.
636 static int dochain_final(KINFO **kfinal, KINFO *base, int j);
639 dochain (KINFO **ksort, int *nentriesp, pid_t pid)
641 int nentries = *nentriesp;
651 * First hash all the pids so we can quickly locate the
654 khash = calloc(KHSIZE, sizeof(KINFO *));
655 kfinal = calloc(nentries, sizeof(KINFO *));
657 for (i = 0; i < nentries; ++i) {
658 hi = KI_PROC(ksort[i], pid) & KHMASK;
660 ksort[i]->ki_hnext = khash[hi];
661 khash[hi] = ksort[i];
665 * Now run through the list and create the parent associations.
667 for (i = 0; i < nentries; ++i) {
668 ppid = KI_PROC(ksort[i], ppid);
670 if (ppid <= 0 || KI_PROC(ksort[i], pid) <= 0) {
673 for (scan = khash[ppid & KHMASK];
675 scan = scan->ki_hnext) {
676 if (ppid == KI_PROC(scan, pid))
681 ksort[i]->ki_parent = scan;
682 *scan->ki_ctailp = ksort[i];
683 scan->ki_ctailp = &ksort[i]->ki_cnext;
688 * Now regenerate the list starting at root entries, then copyback.
690 for (i = j = 0; i < nentries; ++i) {
691 if (pid != (pid_t)-1) {
692 if (KI_PROC(ksort[i], pid) == pid) {
693 ksort[i]->ki_indent = 0;
694 j = dochain_final(kfinal, ksort[i], j);
696 } else if (ksort[i]->ki_parent == NULL) {
697 ksort[i]->ki_indent = 0;
698 j = dochain_final(kfinal, ksort[i], j);
703 * There might be fewer entries if we restricted the chain to a
707 *nentriesp = nentries;
710 bcopy(kfinal, ksort, nentries * sizeof(kfinal[0]));
716 dochain_final(KINFO **kfinal, KINFO *base, int j)
721 for (scan = base->ki_cbase; scan; scan = scan->ki_cnext) {
725 if (scan->ki_indent >= 0)
727 scan->ki_indent = base->ki_indent + 1;
728 j = dochain_final(kfinal, scan, j);
734 * ICK (all for getopt), would rather hide the ugliness
735 * here than taint the main code.
740 * The old convention that 't' with no trailing tty arg means the users
741 * tty, is only supported if argv[1] doesn't begin with a '-'. This same
742 * feature is available with the option 'T', which takes no argument.
745 kludge_oldps_options(char *s)
748 char *newopts, *ns, *cp;
751 if ((newopts = ns = malloc(len + 2)) == NULL)
754 * options begin with '-'
757 *ns++ = '-'; /* add option flag */
760 * gaze to end of argv[1]
765 * if last letter is a 't' flag with no argument (in the context
766 * of the oldps options -- option string NOT starting with a '-' --
767 * then convert to 'T' (meaning *this* terminal, i.e. ttyname(0)).
769 * However, if a flag accepting a string argument is found in the
770 * option string, the remainder of the string is the argument to
771 * that flag; do not modify that argument.
773 if (strcspn(s, "MNOoU") == len && *cp == 't' && *s != '-') {
777 * otherwise check for trailing number, which *may* be a
780 while (cp >= s && isdigit(*cp))
784 memmove(ns, s, (size_t)(cp - s)); /* copy up to trailing number */
787 * if there's a trailing number, and not a preceding 'p' (pid) or
788 * 't' (tty) flag, then assume it's a pid and insert a 'p' flag.
791 (cp == s || (cp[-1] != 't' && cp[-1] != 'p')) &&
792 (cp - 1 == s || cp[-2] != 't')) {
795 strcpy(ns, cp); /* and append the number */
805 if (statfs("/proc", &mnt) < 0)
807 if (strcmp(mnt.f_fstypename, "procfs") != 0)
816 fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n",
817 "usage: ps [-aCcefhHjlmrSTuvwx] [-M core] [-N system] [-O fmt] [-o fmt] [-p pid]",
818 " [-t tty] [-U username]",