2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
6 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
7 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
8 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
11 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
12 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
15 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
17 # Except for the French entries,
18 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
19 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
21 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
22 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
23 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
24 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
25 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
26 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
27 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
28 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
29 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
30 Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
31 Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
32 Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
33 Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
34 Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
35 Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
36 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
37 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
38 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
39 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
40 Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
41 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
42 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
43 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
44 Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
45 Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
46 # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
47 # which is used below in specifying the transition.
48 Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
49 Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
50 Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 -
51 Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
52 Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
53 Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
54 Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
55 Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
56 Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
58 # These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.
59 Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
60 Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
61 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
62 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
63 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
64 Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
65 Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
66 Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
67 Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
68 Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
69 Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
70 Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
71 Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72 Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
74 Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
75 Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
76 Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
77 Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
78 Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
79 Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80 Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
81 Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
82 Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
83 Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
84 Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
86 # Argentina - year-round bases
87 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
88 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
89 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
90 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
91 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
92 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
93 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
95 # Australia - territories
96 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
97 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
98 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
99 # Margaret Turner reports
100 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
101 # presumably this is when they have visitors.
104 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
105 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
106 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
107 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
109 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
110 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
111 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
112 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
113 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
114 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
116 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
117 # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">
118 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
121 # We have more background information here:
122 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">
123 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
126 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
127 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
128 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
129 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
132 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
133 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
134 # has not been decided yet.
136 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
139 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
141 # In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie
142 # will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created.
145 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html">
146 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
151 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
152 # Western (Aus) Standard Time
153 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00
155 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
156 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
158 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
159 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
161 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
162 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u
163 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00
164 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u
166 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
167 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
170 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911
171 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
172 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
174 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
175 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time
177 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
178 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
180 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
181 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
183 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
184 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
187 # Brazil - year-round base
188 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
190 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
191 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
192 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
193 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
194 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
195 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
196 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
198 # China - year-round bases
199 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
200 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
202 # France - year-round bases
204 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
205 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
206 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
207 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
208 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
211 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
213 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
214 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
215 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
216 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
218 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
219 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
221 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
222 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
223 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
225 # year-round base in the main continent
226 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
228 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
229 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
231 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
232 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
233 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
235 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
237 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
238 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
241 # Germany - year-round base
242 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
244 # India - year-round base
245 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
247 # Japan - year-round bases
248 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
249 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
251 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
252 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
254 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
255 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
256 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
258 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
259 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
261 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
262 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
265 # S Korea - year-round base
266 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
268 # New Zealand - claims
269 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
270 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
273 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
275 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
276 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
277 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
278 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
279 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
280 Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
281 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
282 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
283 Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
284 Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
285 Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
287 # Norway - territories
288 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
291 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
293 # Poland - year-round base
294 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
296 # Russia - year-round bases
297 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
298 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
299 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
300 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
301 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
302 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
304 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
305 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
306 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
307 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
308 # time as Moscow, Russia.
310 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
311 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
312 # what they had to say about time there:
313 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
314 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
315 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
316 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
317 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
319 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
320 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
321 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
322 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
323 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
324 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
325 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
326 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
328 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
329 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
331 # S Africa - year-round bases
332 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
337 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
338 # South Orkney Islands
339 # scientific station from 1903
340 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
341 # South Shetland Islands
344 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
345 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
346 # scientific station 1943/1967,
347 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
348 # and a garrison was deployed briefly
349 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
350 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
351 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
352 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
354 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
355 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
358 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
359 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
361 # Uruguay - year round base
362 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
364 # USA - year-round bases
366 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
368 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
369 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
370 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
371 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
372 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
373 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
375 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
376 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
377 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
378 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
382 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
387 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
389 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
390 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
391 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
393 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
394 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
395 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
396 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
397 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
398 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
399 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
402 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
403 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
404 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
405 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
406 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
407 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
408 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
409 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
410 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
411 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
413 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
projects / dragonfly.git / blob