2 * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1995 Eugene W. Stark
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14 * must display the following acknowledgement:
15 * This product includes software developed by Eugene W. Stark.
16 * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
17 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EUGENE W. STARK (THE AUTHOR) ``AS IS'' AND
20 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
23 * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
24 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
25 * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/isa/tw.c,v 1.38 2000/01/29 16:00:32 peter Exp $
32 * $DragonFly: src/sys/dev/misc/tw/tw.c,v 1.5 2003/07/21 07:57:45 dillon Exp $
39 * Driver configuration parameters
43 * Time for 1/2 of a power line cycle, in microseconds.
44 * Change this to 10000 for 50Hz power. Phil Sampson
45 * (vk2jnt@gw.vk2jnt.ampr.org OR sampson@gidday.enet.dec.com)
46 * reports that this works (at least in Australia) using a
47 * TW7223 module (a local version of the TW523).
49 #define HALFCYCLE 8333 /* 1/2 cycle = 8333us at 60Hz */
52 * Undefine the following if you don't have the high-resolution "microtime"
53 * routines (leave defined for FreeBSD, which has them).
58 * End of driver configuration parameters
62 * FreeBSD Device Driver for X-10 POWERHOUSE (tm)
63 * Two-Way Power Line Interface, Model #TW523
65 * written by Eugene W. Stark (stark@cs.sunysb.edu)
70 * The TW523 is a carrier-current modem for home control/automation purposes.
77 * (201) 784-9700 or 1-800-526-0027
79 * X-10 Home Controls Inc.
80 * 1200 Aerowood Drive, Unit 20
81 * Mississauga, Ontario
82 * (416) 624-4446 or 1-800-387-3346
84 * The TW523 is designed for communications using the X-10 protocol,
85 * which is compatible with a number of home control systems, including
86 * Radio Shack "Plug 'n Power(tm)" and Stanley "Lightmaker(tm)."
87 * I bought my TW523 from:
89 * Home Control Concepts
90 * 9353-C Activity Road
94 * They supplied me with the TW523 (which has an RJ-11 four-wire modular
95 * telephone connector), a modular cable, an RJ-11 to DB-25 connector with
96 * internal wiring, documentation from X-10 on the TW523 (very good),
97 * an instruction manual by Home Control Concepts (not very informative),
98 * and a floppy disk containing binary object code of some demonstration/test
99 * programs and of a C function library suitable for controlling the TW523
100 * by an IBM PC under MS-DOS (not useful to me other than to verify that
101 * the unit worked). I suggest saving money and buying the bare TW523
102 * rather than the TW523 development kit (what I bought), because if you
103 * are running FreeBSD you don't really care about the DOS binaries.
105 * The interface to the TW-523 consists of four wires on the RJ-11 connector,
106 * which are jumpered to somewhat more wires on the DB-25 connector, which
107 * in turn is intended to plug into the PC parallel printer port. I dismantled
108 * the DB-25 connector to find out what they had done:
110 * Signal RJ-11 pin DB-25 pin(s) Parallel Port
111 * Transmit TX 4 (Y) 2, 4, 6, 8 Data out
112 * Receive RX 3 (G) 10, 14 -ACK, -AutoFeed
113 * Common 2 (R) 25 Common
114 * Zero crossing 1 (B) 17 or 12 -Select or +PaperEnd
116 * NOTE: In the original cable I have (which I am still using, May, 1997)
117 * the Zero crossing signal goes to pin 17 (-Select) on the parallel port.
118 * In retrospect, this doesn't make a whole lot of sense, given that the
119 * -Select signal propagates the other direction. Indeed, some people have
120 * reported problems with this, and have had success using pin 12 (+PaperEnd)
121 * instead. This driver searches for the zero crossing signal on either
122 * pin 17 or pin 12, so it should work with either cable configuration.
123 * My suggestion would be to start by making the cable so that the zero
124 * crossing signal goes to pin 12 on the parallel port.
126 * The zero crossing signal is used to synchronize transmission to the
127 * zero crossings of the AC line, as detailed in the X-10 documentation.
128 * It would be nice if one could generate interrupts with this signal,
129 * however one needs interrupts on both the rising and falling edges,
130 * and the -ACK signal to the parallel port interrupts only on the falling
131 * edge, so it can't be done without additional hardware.
133 * In this driver, the transmit function is performed in a non-interrupt-driven
134 * fashion, by polling the zero crossing signal to determine when a transition
135 * has occurred. This wastes CPU time during transmission, but it seems like
136 * the best that can be done without additional hardware. One problem with
137 * the scheme is that preemption of the CPU during transmission can cause loss
138 * of sync. The driver tries to catch this, by noticing that a long delay
139 * loop has somehow become foreshortened, and the transmission is aborted with
140 * an error return. It is up to the user level software to handle this
141 * situation (most likely by retrying the transmission).
144 #include <sys/param.h>
145 #include <sys/systm.h>
146 #include <sys/conf.h>
147 #include <sys/kernel.h>
149 #include <sys/syslog.h>
150 #include <sys/select.h>
151 #include <sys/poll.h>
152 #define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
155 #include <sys/time.h>
156 #endif /* HIRESTIME */
158 #include <i386/isa/isa_device.h>
161 * Transmission is done by calling write() to send three byte packets of data.
162 * The first byte contains a four bit house code (0=A to 15=P).
163 * The second byte contains five bit unit/key code (0=unit 1 to 15=unit 16,
164 * 16=All Units Off to 31 = Status Request). The third byte specifies
165 * the number of times the packet is to be transmitted without any
166 * gaps between successive transmissions. Normally this is 2, as per
167 * the X-10 documentation, but sometimes (e.g. for bright and dim codes)
168 * it can be another value. Each call to write can specify an arbitrary
169 * number of data bytes. An incomplete packet is buffered until a subsequent
170 * call to write() provides data to complete it. At most one packet will
171 * actually be processed in any call to write(). Successive calls to write()
172 * leave a three-cycle gap between transmissions, per the X-10 documentation.
174 * Reception is done using read().
175 * The driver produces a series of three-character packets.
176 * In each packet, the first character consists of flags,
177 * the second character is a four bit house code (0-15),
178 * and the third character is a five bit key/function code (0-31).
179 * The flags are the following:
182 #define TW_RCV_LOCAL 1 /* The packet arrived during a local transmission */
183 #define TW_RCV_ERROR 2 /* An invalid/corrupted packet was received */
186 * IBM PC parallel port definitions relevant to TW523
189 #define tw_data 0 /* Data to tw523 (R/W) */
191 #define tw_status 1 /* Status of tw523 (R) */
192 #define TWS_RDATA 0x40 /* tw523 receive data */
193 #define TWS_OUT 0x20 /* pin 12, out of paper */
195 #define tw_control 2 /* Control tw523 (R/W) */
196 #define TWC_SYNC 0x08 /* tw523 sync (pin 17) */
197 #define TWC_ENA 0x10 /* tw523 interrupt enable */
200 * Miscellaneous defines
203 #define TWUNIT(dev) (minor(dev)) /* Extract unit number from device */
205 static int twprobe(struct isa_device *idp);
206 static int twattach(struct isa_device *idp);
208 struct isa_driver twdriver = {
209 twprobe, twattach, "tw"
212 static d_open_t twopen;
213 static d_close_t twclose;
214 static d_read_t twread;
215 static d_write_t twwrite;
216 static d_poll_t twpoll;
218 #define CDEV_MAJOR 19
219 static struct cdevsw tw_cdevsw = {
221 /* maj */ CDEV_MAJOR,
233 /* strategy */ nostrategy,
239 * Software control structure for TW523
242 #define TWS_XMITTING 1 /* Transmission in progress */
243 #define TWS_RCVING 2 /* Reception in progress */
244 #define TWS_WANT 4 /* A process wants received data */
245 #define TWS_OPEN 8 /* Is it currently open? */
247 #define TW_SIZE 3*60 /* Enough for about 10 sec. of input */
248 #define TW_MIN_DELAY 1500 /* Ignore interrupts of lesser latency */
250 static struct tw_sc {
251 u_int sc_port; /* I/O Port */
252 u_int sc_state; /* Current software control state */
253 struct selinfo sc_selp; /* Information for select() */
254 u_char sc_xphase; /* Current state of sync (for transmitter) */
255 u_char sc_rphase; /* Current state of sync (for receiver) */
256 u_char sc_flags; /* Flags for current reception */
257 short sc_rcount; /* Number of bits received so far */
258 int sc_bits; /* Bits received so far */
259 u_char sc_pkt[3]; /* Packet not yet transmitted */
260 short sc_pktsize; /* How many bytes in the packet? */
261 u_char sc_buf[TW_SIZE]; /* We buffer our own input */
262 int sc_nextin; /* Next free slot in circular buffer */
263 int sc_nextout; /* First used slot in circular buffer */
264 /* Callout for canceling our abortrcv timeout */
265 struct callout_handle abortrcv_ch;
267 int sc_xtimes[22]; /* Times for bits in current xmit packet */
268 int sc_rtimes[22]; /* Times for bits in current rcv packet */
269 int sc_no_rcv; /* number of interrupts received */
270 #define SC_RCV_TIME_LEN 128
271 int sc_rcv_time[SC_RCV_TIME_LEN]; /* usec time stamp on interrupt */
272 #endif /* HIRESTIME */
275 static int tw_zcport; /* offset of port for zero crossing signal */
276 static int tw_zcmask; /* mask for the zero crossing signal */
278 static void twdelay25(void);
279 static void twdelayn(int n);
280 static void twsetuptimes(int *a);
281 static int wait_for_zero(struct tw_sc *sc);
282 static int twputpkt(struct tw_sc *sc, u_char *p);
283 static ointhand2_t twintr;
284 static int twgetbytes(struct tw_sc *sc, u_char *p, int cnt);
285 static timeout_t twabortrcv;
286 static int twsend(struct tw_sc *sc, int h, int k, int cnt);
287 static int next_zero(struct tw_sc *sc);
288 static int twchecktime(int target, int tol);
289 static void twdebugtimes(struct tw_sc *sc);
292 * Counter value for delay loop.
293 * It is adjusted by twprobe so that the delay loop takes about 25us.
296 #define TWDELAYCOUNT 161 /* Works on my 486DX/33 */
297 static int twdelaycount;
300 * Twdelay25 is used for very short delays of about 25us.
301 * It is implemented with a calibrated delay loop, and should be
302 * fairly accurate ... unless we are preempted by an interrupt.
304 * We use this to wait for zero crossings because the X-10 specs say we
305 * are supposed to assert carrier within 25us when one happens.
306 * I don't really believe we can do this, but the X-10 devices seem to be
310 static void twdelay25(void)
313 for(cnt = twdelaycount; cnt; cnt--); /* Should take about 25us */
317 * Twdelayn is used to time the length of the 1ms carrier pulse.
318 * This is not very critical, but if we have high-resolution time-of-day
319 * we check it every apparent 200us to make sure we don't get too far off
320 * if we happen to be interrupted during the delay.
323 static void twdelayn(int n)
331 #endif /* HIRESTIME */
339 if(d >= 0 && d < 1000000) return;
341 #endif /* HIRESTIME */
345 static int twprobe(idp)
346 struct isa_device *idp;
354 cdevsw_add(&tw_cdevsw);
355 sc.sc_port = idp->id_iobase;
356 /* Search for the zero crossing signal at ports, bit combinations. */
357 tw_zcport = tw_control;
358 tw_zcmask = TWC_SYNC;
359 sc.sc_xphase = inb(idp->id_iobase + tw_zcport) & tw_zcmask;
360 if(wait_for_zero(&sc) < 0) {
361 tw_zcport = tw_status;
363 sc.sc_xphase = inb(idp->id_iobase + tw_zcport) & tw_zcmask;
365 if(wait_for_zero(&sc) < 0)
368 * Iteratively check the timing of a few sync transitions, and adjust
369 * the loop delay counter, if necessary, to bring the timing reported
370 * by wait_for_zero() close to HALFCYCLE. Give up if anything
371 * ridiculous happens.
373 if(twdelaycount == 0) { /* Only adjust timing for first unit */
374 twdelaycount = TWDELAYCOUNT;
375 for(tries = 0; tries < 10; tries++) {
376 sc.sc_xphase = inb(idp->id_iobase + tw_zcport) & tw_zcmask;
377 if(wait_for_zero(&sc) >= 0) {
378 d = wait_for_zero(&sc);
379 if(d <= HALFCYCLE/100 || d >= HALFCYCLE*100) {
383 twdelaycount = (twdelaycount * d)/HALFCYCLE;
388 * Now do a final check, just to make sure
390 sc.sc_xphase = inb(idp->id_iobase + tw_zcport) & tw_zcmask;
391 if(wait_for_zero(&sc) >= 0) {
392 d = wait_for_zero(&sc);
393 if(d <= (HALFCYCLE * 110)/100 && d >= (HALFCYCLE * 90)/100) return(8);
398 static int twattach(idp)
399 struct isa_device *idp;
404 idp->id_ointr = twintr;
405 sc = &tw_sc[unit = idp->id_unit];
406 sc->sc_port = idp->id_iobase;
409 callout_handle_init(&sc->abortrcv_ch);
410 make_dev(&tw_cdevsw, unit, 0, 0, 0600, "tw%d", unit);
414 int twopen(dev, flag, mode, td)
420 struct tw_sc *sc = &tw_sc[TWUNIT(dev)];
424 if(sc->sc_state == 0) {
425 sc->sc_state = TWS_OPEN;
426 sc->sc_nextin = sc->sc_nextout = 0;
428 outb(sc->sc_port+tw_control, TWC_ENA);
434 int twclose(dev, flag, mode, td)
440 struct tw_sc *sc = &tw_sc[TWUNIT(dev)];
445 outb(sc->sc_port+tw_control, 0);
450 int twread(dev, uio, ioflag)
456 struct tw_sc *sc = &tw_sc[TWUNIT(dev)];
460 cnt = MIN(uio->uio_resid, 3);
461 if((error = twgetbytes(sc, buf, cnt)) == 0) {
462 error = uiomove(buf, cnt, uio);
468 int twwrite(dev, uio, ioflag)
474 int house, key, reps;
478 sc = &tw_sc[TWUNIT(dev)];
480 * Note: Although I had intended to allow concurrent transmitters,
481 * there is a potential problem here if two processes both write
482 * into the sc_pkt buffer at the same time. The following code
483 * is an additional critical section that needs to be synchronized.
486 cnt = MIN(3 - sc->sc_pktsize, uio->uio_resid);
487 error = uiomove(&(sc->sc_pkt[sc->sc_pktsize]), cnt, uio);
492 sc->sc_pktsize += cnt;
493 if(sc->sc_pktsize < 3) { /* Only transmit 3-byte packets */
499 * Collect house code, key code, and rep count, and check for sanity.
501 house = sc->sc_pkt[0];
503 reps = sc->sc_pkt[2];
504 if(house >= 16 || key >= 32) {
509 * Synchronize with the receiver operating in the bottom half, and
510 * also with concurrent transmitters.
511 * We don't want to interfere with a packet currently being received,
512 * and we would like the receiver to recognize when a packet has
513 * originated locally.
515 while(sc->sc_state & (TWS_RCVING | TWS_XMITTING)) {
516 error = tsleep((caddr_t)sc, PCATCH, "twwrite", 0);
522 sc->sc_state |= TWS_XMITTING;
524 * Everything looks OK, let's do the transmission.
526 splx(s); /* Enable interrupts because this takes a LONG time */
527 error = twsend(sc, house, key, reps);
529 sc->sc_state &= ~TWS_XMITTING;
532 if(error) return(EIO);
537 * Determine if there is data available for reading
540 int twpoll(dev, events, td)
549 sc = &tw_sc[TWUNIT(dev)];
551 /* XXX is this correct? the original code didn't test select rw mode!! */
552 if (events & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM)) {
553 if(sc->sc_nextin != sc->sc_nextout)
554 revents |= events & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM);
556 selrecord(td, &sc->sc_selp);
566 #define X10_START_LENGTH 4
567 static char X10_START[] = { 1, 1, 1, 0 };
570 * Each bit of the 4-bit house code and 5-bit key code
571 * is transmitted twice, once in true form, and then in
572 * complemented form. This is already taken into account
573 * in the following tables.
576 #define X10_HOUSE_LENGTH 8
577 static char X10_HOUSE[16][8] = {
578 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* A = 0110 */
579 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* B = 1110 */
580 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* C = 0010 */
581 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* D = 1010 */
582 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* E = 0001 */
583 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* F = 1001 */
584 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* G = 0101 */
585 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* H = 1101 */
586 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* I = 0111 */
587 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* J = 1111 */
588 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* K = 0011 */
589 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* L = 1011 */
590 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* M = 0000 */
591 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* N = 1000 */
592 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* O = 0100 */
593 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 /* P = 1100 */
596 #define X10_KEY_LENGTH 10
597 static char X10_KEY[32][10] = {
598 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* 01100 => 1 */
599 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* 11100 => 2 */
600 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* 00100 => 3 */
601 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* 10100 => 4 */
602 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* 00010 => 5 */
603 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* 10010 => 6 */
604 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* 01010 => 7 */
605 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* 11010 => 8 */
606 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* 01110 => 9 */
607 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* 11110 => 10 */
608 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* 00110 => 11 */
609 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* 10110 => 12 */
610 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* 00000 => 13 */
611 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* 10000 => 14 */
612 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* 01000 => 15 */
613 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* 11000 => 16 */
614 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* 00001 => All Units Off */
615 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* 00011 => All Units On */
616 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* 00101 => On */
617 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* 00111 => Off */
618 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* 01001 => Dim */
619 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* 01011 => Bright */
620 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* 01101 => All LIGHTS Off */
621 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* 01111 => Extended Code */
622 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* 10001 => Hail Request */
623 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* 10011 => Hail Acknowledge */
624 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* 10101 => Preset Dim 0 */
625 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* 10111 => Preset Dim 1 */
626 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, /* 11000 => Extended Data (analog) */
627 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, /* 11011 => Status = on */
628 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, /* 11101 => Status = off */
629 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 /* 11111 => Status request */
633 * Tables for mapping received X-10 code back to house/key number.
636 static short X10_HOUSE_INV[16] = {
637 12, 4, 2, 10, 14, 6, 0, 8,
638 13, 5, 3, 11, 15, 7, 1, 9
641 static short X10_KEY_INV[32] = {
642 12, 16, 4, 17, 2, 18, 10, 19,
643 14, 20, 6, 21, 0, 22, 8, 23,
644 13, 24, 5, 25, 3, 26, 11, 27,
645 15, 28, 7, 29, 1, 30, 9, 31
648 static char *X10_KEY_LABEL[32] = {
677 "Extended Data (analog)",
683 * Transmit a packet containing house code h and key code k
686 #define TWRETRY 10 /* Try 10 times to sync with AC line */
688 static int twsend(sc, h, k, cnt)
693 int port = sc->sc_port;
696 * Make sure we get a reliable sync with a power line zero crossing
698 for(i = 0; i < TWRETRY; i++) {
699 if(wait_for_zero(sc) > 100) goto insync;
701 log(LOG_ERR, "TWXMIT: failed to sync.\n");
706 * Be sure to leave 3 cycles space between transmissions
708 for(i = 6; i > 0; i--)
709 if(next_zero(sc) < 0) return(-1);
711 * The packet is transmitted cnt times, with no gaps.
715 * Transmit the start code
717 for(i = 0; i < X10_START_LENGTH; i++) {
718 outb(port+tw_data, X10_START[i] ? 0xff : 0x00); /* Waste no time! */
720 if(i == 0) twsetuptimes(sc->sc_xtimes);
721 if(twchecktime(sc->sc_xtimes[i], HALFCYCLE/20) == 0) {
722 outb(port+tw_data, 0);
725 #endif /* HIRESTIME */
726 twdelayn(1000); /* 1ms pulse width */
727 outb(port+tw_data, 0);
728 if(next_zero(sc) < 0) return(-1);
731 * Transmit the house code
733 for(i = 0; i < X10_HOUSE_LENGTH; i++) {
734 outb(port+tw_data, X10_HOUSE[h][i] ? 0xff : 0x00); /* Waste no time! */
736 if(twchecktime(sc->sc_xtimes[i+X10_START_LENGTH], HALFCYCLE/20) == 0) {
737 outb(port+tw_data, 0);
740 #endif /* HIRESTIME */
741 twdelayn(1000); /* 1ms pulse width */
742 outb(port+tw_data, 0);
743 if(next_zero(sc) < 0) return(-1);
746 * Transmit the unit/key code
748 for(i = 0; i < X10_KEY_LENGTH; i++) {
749 outb(port+tw_data, X10_KEY[k][i] ? 0xff : 0x00);
751 if(twchecktime(sc->sc_xtimes[i+X10_START_LENGTH+X10_HOUSE_LENGTH],
752 HALFCYCLE/20) == 0) {
753 outb(port+tw_data, 0);
756 #endif /* HIRESTIME */
757 twdelayn(1000); /* 1ms pulse width */
758 outb(port+tw_data, 0);
759 if(next_zero(sc) < 0) return(-1);
766 * Waste CPU cycles to get in sync with a power line zero crossing.
767 * The value returned is roughly how many microseconds we wasted before
768 * seeing the transition. To avoid wasting time forever, we give up after
769 * waiting patiently for 1/4 sec (15 power line cycles at 60 Hz),
770 * which is more than the 11 cycles it takes to transmit a full
774 static int wait_for_zero(sc)
777 int i, old, new, max;
778 int port = sc->sc_port + tw_zcport;
781 max = 10000; /* 10000 * 25us = 0.25 sec */
784 new = inb(port) & tw_zcmask;
796 * Wait for the next zero crossing transition, and if we don't have
797 * high-resolution time-of-day, check to see that the zero crossing
798 * appears to be arriving on schedule.
799 * We expect to be waiting almost a full half-cycle (8.333ms-1ms = 7.333ms).
800 * If we don't seem to wait very long, something is wrong (like we got
801 * preempted!) and we should abort the transmission because
802 * there's no telling how long it's really been since the
803 * last bit was transmitted.
806 static int next_zero(sc)
811 if((d = wait_for_zero(sc)) < 0) {
813 if((d = wait_for_zero(sc)) < 6000 || d > 8500) {
814 /* No less than 6.0ms, no more than 8.5ms */
815 #endif /* HIRESTIME */
816 log(LOG_ERR, "TWXMIT framing error: %d\n", d);
823 * Put a three-byte packet into the circular buffer
824 * Should be called at priority spltty()
827 static int twputpkt(sc, p)
833 for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
834 next = sc->sc_nextin+1;
835 if(next >= TW_SIZE) next = 0;
836 if(next == sc->sc_nextout) { /* Buffer full */
838 log(LOG_ERR, "TWRCV: Buffer overrun\n");
842 sc->sc_buf[sc->sc_nextin] = *p++;
843 sc->sc_nextin = next;
845 if(sc->sc_state & TWS_WANT) {
846 sc->sc_state &= ~TWS_WANT;
847 wakeup((caddr_t)(&sc->sc_buf));
849 selwakeup(&sc->sc_selp);
854 * Get bytes from the circular buffer
855 * Should be called at priority spltty()
858 static int twgetbytes(sc, p, cnt)
866 while(sc->sc_nextin == sc->sc_nextout) { /* Buffer empty */
867 sc->sc_state |= TWS_WANT;
868 error = tsleep((caddr_t)(&sc->sc_buf), PCATCH, "twread", 0);
873 *p++ = sc->sc_buf[sc->sc_nextout++];
874 if(sc->sc_nextout >= TW_SIZE) sc->sc_nextout = 0;
880 * Abort reception that has failed to complete in the required time.
887 struct tw_sc *sc = arg;
892 sc->sc_state &= ~TWS_RCVING;
893 /* simply ignore single isolated interrupts. */
894 if (sc->sc_no_rcv > 1) {
895 sc->sc_flags |= TW_RCV_ERROR;
896 pkt[0] = sc->sc_flags;
899 log(LOG_ERR, "TWRCV: aborting (%x, %d)\n", sc->sc_bits, sc->sc_rcount);
907 tw_is_within(int value, int expected, int tolerance)
910 diff = value - expected;
913 if (diff < tolerance)
919 * This routine handles interrupts that occur when there is a falling
920 * transition on the RX input. There isn't going to be a transition
921 * on every bit (some are zero), but if we are smart and keep track of
922 * how long it's been since the last interrupt (via the zero crossing
923 * detect line and/or high-resolution time-of-day routine), we can
924 * reconstruct the transmission without having to poll.
927 static void twintr(unit)
930 struct tw_sc *sc = &tw_sc[unit];
939 * Ignore any interrupts that occur if the device is not open.
941 if(sc->sc_state == 0) return;
942 newphase = inb(port + tw_zcport) & tw_zcmask;
947 * If we aren't currently receiving a packet, set up a new packet
948 * and put in the first "1" bit that has just arrived.
949 * Arrange for the reception to be aborted if too much time goes by.
951 if((sc->sc_state & TWS_RCVING) == 0) {
953 twsetuptimes(sc->sc_rtimes);
954 #endif /* HIRESTIME */
955 sc->sc_state |= TWS_RCVING;
957 if(sc->sc_state & TWS_XMITTING) sc->sc_flags = TW_RCV_LOCAL;
958 else sc->sc_flags = 0;
960 sc->sc_rphase = newphase;
961 /* 3 cycles of silence = 3/60 = 1/20 = 50 msec */
962 sc->abortrcv_ch = timeout(twabortrcv, (caddr_t)sc, hz/20);
963 sc->sc_rcv_time[0] = tv.tv_usec;
967 untimeout(twabortrcv, (caddr_t)sc, sc->abortrcv_ch);
968 sc->abortrcv_ch = timeout(twabortrcv, (caddr_t)sc, hz/20);
969 newphase = inb(port + tw_zcport) & tw_zcmask;
971 /* enforce a minimum delay since the last interrupt */
972 delay = tv.tv_usec - sc->sc_rcv_time[sc->sc_no_rcv - 1];
975 if (delay < TW_MIN_DELAY)
978 sc->sc_rcv_time[sc->sc_no_rcv] = tv.tv_usec;
979 if (sc->sc_rcv_time[sc->sc_no_rcv] < sc->sc_rcv_time[0])
980 sc->sc_rcv_time[sc->sc_no_rcv] += 1000000;
985 * The second and third bits are a special case.
987 if (sc->sc_rcount < 3) {
990 tw_is_within(delay, HALFCYCLE, HALFCYCLE / 6)
992 newphase != sc->sc_rphase
998 * Invalid start code -- abort reception.
1000 sc->sc_state &= ~TWS_RCVING;
1001 sc->sc_flags |= TW_RCV_ERROR;
1002 untimeout(twabortrcv, (caddr_t)sc, sc->abortrcv_ch);
1003 log(LOG_ERR, "TWRCV: Invalid start code\n");
1008 if(sc->sc_rcount == 3) {
1010 * We've gotten three "1" bits in a row. The start code
1011 * is really 1110, but this might be followed by a zero
1012 * bit from the house code, so if we wait any longer we
1013 * might be confused about the first house code bit.
1014 * So, we guess that the start code is correct and insert
1015 * the trailing zero without actually having seen it.
1016 * We don't change sc_rphase in this case, because two
1017 * bit arrivals in a row preserve parity.
1023 * Update sc_rphase to the current phase before returning.
1025 sc->sc_rphase = newphase;
1030 * Now figure out what the current bit is that just arrived.
1031 * The X-10 protocol transmits each data bit twice: once in
1032 * true form and once in complemented form on the next half
1033 * cycle. So, there will be at least one interrupt per bit.
1034 * By comparing the phase we see at the time of the interrupt
1035 * with the saved sc_rphase, we can tell on which half cycle
1036 * the interrupt occrred. This assumes, of course, that the
1037 * packet is well-formed. We do the best we can at trying to
1038 * catch errors by aborting if too much time has gone by, and
1039 * by tossing out a packet if too many bits arrive, but the
1040 * whole scheme is probably not as robust as if we had a nice
1041 * interrupt on every half cycle of the power line.
1042 * If we have high-resolution time-of-day routines, then we
1043 * can do a bit more sanity checking.
1047 * A complete packet is 22 half cycles.
1049 if(sc->sc_rcount <= 20) {
1051 int bit = 0, last_bit;
1052 if (sc->sc_rcount == 4)
1053 last_bit = 1; /* Start (1110) ends in 10, a 'one' code. */
1055 last_bit = sc->sc_bits & 0x1;
1056 if ( ( (last_bit == 1)
1057 && (tw_is_within(delay, HALFCYCLE * 2, HALFCYCLE / 6)))
1058 || ( (last_bit == 0)
1059 && (tw_is_within(delay, HALFCYCLE * 1, HALFCYCLE / 6))))
1061 else if ( ( (last_bit == 1)
1062 && (tw_is_within(delay, HALFCYCLE * 3, HALFCYCLE / 6)))
1063 || ( (last_bit == 0)
1064 && (tw_is_within(delay, HALFCYCLE * 2, HALFCYCLE / 6))))
1067 sc->sc_flags |= TW_RCV_ERROR;
1068 log(LOG_ERR, "TWRCV: %d cycle after %d bit, delay %d%%\n",
1069 sc->sc_rcount, last_bit, 100 * delay / HALFCYCLE);
1071 sc->sc_bits = (sc->sc_bits << 1) | bit;
1073 sc->sc_bits = (sc->sc_bits << 1)
1074 | ((newphase == sc->sc_rphase) ? 0x0 : 0x1);
1075 #endif /* HIRESTIME */
1078 if(sc->sc_rcount >= 22 || sc->sc_flags & TW_RCV_ERROR) {
1079 if(sc->sc_rcount != 22) {
1080 sc->sc_flags |= TW_RCV_ERROR;
1081 pkt[0] = sc->sc_flags;
1082 pkt[1] = pkt[2] = 0;
1084 pkt[0] = sc->sc_flags;
1085 pkt[1] = X10_HOUSE_INV[(sc->sc_bits & 0x1e0) >> 5];
1086 pkt[2] = X10_KEY_INV[sc->sc_bits & 0x1f];
1088 sc->sc_state &= ~TWS_RCVING;
1090 untimeout(twabortrcv, (caddr_t)sc, sc->abortrcv_ch);
1091 if(sc->sc_flags & TW_RCV_ERROR) {
1092 log(LOG_ERR, "TWRCV: invalid packet: (%d, %x) %c %s\n",
1093 sc->sc_rcount, sc->sc_bits, 'A' + pkt[1], X10_KEY_LABEL[pkt[2]]);
1096 /* log(LOG_ERR, "TWRCV: valid packet: (%d, %x) %c %s\n",
1097 sc->sc_rcount, sc->sc_bits, 'A' + pkt[1], X10_KEY_LABEL[pkt[2]]); */
1100 wakeup((caddr_t)sc);
1104 static void twdebugtimes(struct tw_sc *sc)
1107 for (i = 0; (i < sc->sc_no_rcv) && (i < SC_RCV_TIME_LEN); i++)
1108 log(LOG_ERR, "TWRCV: interrupt %2d: %d\t%d%%\n", i, sc->sc_rcv_time[i],
1109 (sc->sc_rcv_time[i] - sc->sc_rcv_time[(i?i-1:0)])*100/HALFCYCLE);
1114 * Initialize an array of 22 times, starting from the current
1115 * microtime and continuing for the next 21 half cycles.
1116 * We use the times as a reference to make sure transmission
1117 * or reception is on schedule.
1120 static void twsetuptimes(int *a)
1127 for(i = 0; i < 22; i++) {
1130 if(t >= 1000000) t -= 1000000;
1135 * Check the current time against a slot in a previously set up
1136 * timing array, and make sure that it looks like we are still
1140 static int twchecktime(int target, int tol)
1147 d = (target - t) >= 0 ? (target - t) : (t - target);
1148 if(d > 500000) d = 1000000-d;
1149 if(d <= tol && d >= -tol) {
1155 #endif /* HIRESTIME */