2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
28 #include <sys/param.h>
29 #include <sys/disklabel32.h>
30 #include <sys/diskmbr.h>
31 #include <sys/diskslice.h>
32 #include <sys/mount.h>
34 //#include <sys/sysctl.h>
37 #include <machine/ioctl_fd.h>
54 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
56 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
57 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
58 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
60 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
61 #define MAXBPS 4096 /* maximum bytes per sector */
62 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
63 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
64 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
65 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
66 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
67 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
68 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
69 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
70 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
71 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
72 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
73 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
75 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
76 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
79 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
80 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
87 (p)[0] = (uint8_t)(x), \
88 (p)[1] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 010)
91 (p)[0] = (uint8_t)(x), \
92 (p)[1] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 010), \
93 (p)[2] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 020), \
94 (p)[3] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 030)
97 uint8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
98 uint8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
102 uint8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
103 uint8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
104 uint8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
105 uint8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
106 uint8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
107 uint8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
108 uint8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
109 uint8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
110 uint8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
111 uint8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
112 uint8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
113 uint8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
117 uint8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
118 uint8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
119 uint8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
120 uint8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
121 uint8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
122 uint8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
123 uint8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
127 uint8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
128 uint8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
129 uint8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
130 uint8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
131 uint8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
132 uint8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
136 uint8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
137 uint8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
138 uint8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
139 uint8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */
140 uint8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */
141 uint8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
142 uint8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
146 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
147 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
148 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
149 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
150 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
151 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
152 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
153 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
154 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
155 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
156 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
157 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
158 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
159 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
160 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
161 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
164 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
170 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
171 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
172 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
173 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
174 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
175 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
176 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
177 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
178 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
179 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
182 static const uint8_t bootcode[] = {
184 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
185 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
186 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
188 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
189 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
191 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
192 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
195 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
196 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
197 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
198 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
199 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
200 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
201 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
202 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
204 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
205 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
207 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
208 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
209 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
214 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
215 static void infohandler(int);
217 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
218 static ssize_t getchunksize(void);
219 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
220 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
221 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
222 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
223 static void mklabel(uint8_t *, const char *);
224 static int oklabel(const char *);
225 static void setstr(uint8_t *, const char *, size_t);
228 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
230 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
231 struct sigaction si_sa;
238 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
242 uint8_t *physbuf, *physbuf_end;
246 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
247 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0;
248 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc;
250 struct msdos_options o = *op;
257 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
258 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
261 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
262 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
267 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
270 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
272 warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
275 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
276 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
279 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
283 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
288 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
289 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
291 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
292 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
295 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1)
297 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
298 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
301 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
303 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
305 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
307 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
311 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
312 if (o.sectors_per_track)
313 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
314 if (o.bytes_per_sector)
315 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
317 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
318 if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
319 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
320 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
321 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
322 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1)
324 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
325 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
326 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
327 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
328 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
329 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
330 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
331 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
332 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
333 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
335 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
338 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS ||
339 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec > MAXBPS ||
340 !powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
341 warnx("Invalid bytes/sector (%u): must be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096",
346 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
347 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
350 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
353 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
356 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) ||
357 (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
358 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
359 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
360 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
363 if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
364 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
365 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
366 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
371 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
372 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
375 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
376 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
377 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
380 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
381 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
382 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
385 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
387 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
388 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
389 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
390 o.sectors_per_cluster);
393 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
395 if (o.reserved_sectors)
396 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
398 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
399 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
403 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
405 if (o.directory_entries)
406 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries;
407 if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
408 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
409 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
412 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
414 if (o.sectors_per_fat)
415 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
417 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
419 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
425 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
426 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
429 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
433 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
434 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
435 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
436 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
439 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
444 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
445 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
446 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
447 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
449 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
450 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
451 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
452 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
453 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
455 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
456 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
457 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
459 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
461 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
462 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
469 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
470 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
471 warnx("no room for info sector");
476 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
477 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
478 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
480 warnx("no room for backup sector");
484 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
485 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
488 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
489 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
494 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0);
495 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0);
496 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0);
500 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set.
501 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can
502 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment.
503 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved
504 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another
505 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will
506 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
511 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ?
512 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
513 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
514 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
518 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
519 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
520 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts,
521 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
523 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
524 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
525 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors +
526 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
527 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
529 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <=
531 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
535 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
536 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
539 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
540 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
541 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
542 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
545 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
546 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
547 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB +
548 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
549 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
550 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
552 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0)
553 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
554 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
557 /* attempt to align root directory */
558 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) %
561 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment;
564 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
565 if (o.align && alignment != 0)
566 warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
568 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
569 x = (uint64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
573 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
574 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
576 if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
577 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
581 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
583 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
584 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
587 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
588 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
589 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
590 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
592 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
594 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
595 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
596 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
597 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
600 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
601 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
605 if (o.timestamp_set) {
606 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp;
610 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
612 tm = localtime(&now);
615 chunksize = getchunksize();
616 physbuf = malloc(chunksize);
617 if (physbuf == NULL) {
621 physbuf_end = physbuf + chunksize;
624 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
625 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
626 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
627 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
628 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
629 warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
632 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
634 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
636 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
638 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
643 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
644 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
646 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
651 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
652 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
656 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
657 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
661 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
663 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
664 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
665 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
666 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
667 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
668 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
669 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
670 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
671 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
672 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
673 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
674 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
675 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
676 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
677 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
678 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
679 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
681 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
682 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
683 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
684 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
685 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
686 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
687 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
688 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
690 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
691 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
695 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
696 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
697 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
698 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
699 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
700 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
702 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
703 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
704 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
705 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
707 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
708 bs = (struct bs *)img;
709 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
710 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
711 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
712 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ",
713 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
714 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
715 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
717 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
718 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
719 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
720 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
721 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
722 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
723 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
724 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff);
725 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
726 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
727 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
728 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
729 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
730 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
731 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
732 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
733 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
734 de = (struct de *)img;
735 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
736 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
737 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
738 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
739 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
741 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
742 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
747 * Issue a write of chunksize once we have collected
750 img += bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
751 if (img >= physbuf_end) {
752 n = write(fd, physbuf, chunksize);
753 if (n != chunksize) {
754 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
761 * Write remaining sectors, if the last write didn't end
762 * up filling a whole chunk.
764 if (img != physbuf) {
765 ssize_t tailsize = img - physbuf;
767 n = write(fd, physbuf, tailsize);
769 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
786 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted.
789 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
796 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) {
800 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
802 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
804 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
806 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
807 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
809 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
811 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
819 * Get optimal I/O size
824 static int chunksize;
827 return ((ssize_t)chunksize);
834 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPHYS;
835 len = sizeof(chunksize);
837 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &chunksize, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
838 warn("sysctl: KERN_MAXPHYS, using %zu", (size_t)MAXPHYS);
846 * For better performance, we want to write larger chunks instead of
847 * individual sectors (the size can only be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096
848 * bytes). Assert that chunksize can always hold an integer number of
849 * sectors by asserting that both are power of two numbers and the
850 * chunksize is greater than MAXBPS.
852 static_assert(powerof2(MAXBPS), "MAXBPS is not power of 2");
853 assert(powerof2(chunksize));
854 assert(chunksize > MAXBPS);
856 return ((ssize_t)chunksize);
860 * Get a standard format.
863 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
868 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
870 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
873 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
878 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
881 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
884 struct disklabel32 *lp, dlp;
887 off_t ms = 0, hs = 0;
891 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
893 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
896 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
898 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == -1) {
902 err(1, "cannot get disk size");
903 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
908 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
910 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
912 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
913 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
914 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
915 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
922 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
924 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == - 1)
925 err(1, "cannot get disk information");
926 dlp.d_secsize = pi.media_blksize;
927 dlp.d_nsectors = pi.d_secpertrack;
928 dlp.d_ntracks = pi.d_nheads;
929 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
930 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
932 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
934 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
938 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
939 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
941 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
943 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
944 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
946 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
948 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
949 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
951 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
953 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
954 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
955 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
956 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
961 * Print out BPB values.
964 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
966 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
967 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
969 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
970 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
972 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
973 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
975 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
976 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
977 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
978 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
979 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
980 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
981 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
984 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
986 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
992 * Check a disk geometry value.
995 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
998 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
1002 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
1009 * Check a volume label.
1012 oklabel(const char *src)
1016 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
1018 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
1025 * Make a volume label.
1028 mklabel(uint8_t *dest, const char *src)
1032 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
1033 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
1034 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
1039 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
1042 setstr(uint8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1045 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1049 infohandler(int sig __unused)