sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   6  * Mike Muuss.
   7  *
   8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  10  * are met:
  11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  16  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  18  *    without specific prior written permission.
  19  *
  20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  31  *
  32  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  33  * @(#)ping.c   8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
  34  * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ping/ping.c,v 1.111 2007/05/21 14:38:45 cognet Exp $
  35  */
  36
  37 /*
  38  *                      P I N G . C
  39  *
  40  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  41  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  42  *
  43  * Author -
  44  *      Mike Muuss
  45  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  46  *      December, 1983
  47  *
  48  * Status -
  49  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  50  * Bugs -
  51  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  52  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  53  */
  54
  55 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  56 #include <sys/socket.h>
  57 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  58 #include <sys/time.h>
  59 #include <sys/uio.h>
  60
  61 #include <netinet/in.h>
  62 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  63 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  64 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  65 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  66 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  67
  68 #include <ctype.h>
  69 #include <err.h>
  70 #include <errno.h>
  71 #include <math.h>
  72 #include <netdb.h>
  73 #include <signal.h>
  74 #include <stdio.h>
  75 #include <stdlib.h>
  76 #include <string.h>
  77 #include <sysexits.h>
  78 #include <unistd.h>
  79
  80 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
  81 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
  82 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
  83 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
  84 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
  85 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
  86                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
  87 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
  88 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
  89 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
  90 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
  91 #define MAXTOS          255
  92
  93 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
  94 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
  95 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
  96 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
  97 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
  98
  99 struct tv32 {
 100         int32_t tv32_sec;
 101         int32_t tv32_usec;
 102 };
 103
 104 /* various options */
 105 int options;
 106 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 107 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 108 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 109 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 110 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 111 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 112 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 113 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 114 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 115 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 116 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 117 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 118 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 119 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 120 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 121 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 122 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 123 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 124 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 125 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 126 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 127 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 128
 129 /*
 130  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 131  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 132  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 133  */
 134 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 135 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 136 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 137
 138 struct sockaddr_in whereto;     /* who to ping */
 139 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 140 int maxpayload;
 141 int s;                          /* socket file descriptor */
 142 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 143 char BBELL = '\a';              /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 144 char BSPACE = '\b';             /* characters written for flood */
 145 char DOT = '.';
 146 char *hostname;
 147 char *shostname;
 148 int ident;                      /* process id to identify our packets */
 149 int uid;                        /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 150 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 151 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 152 int phdr_len = 0;
 153 int send_len;
 154
 155 /* counters */
 156 long nmissedmax;                /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 157 long npackets;                  /* max packets to transmit */
 158 long nreceived;                 /* # of packets we got back */
 159 long nrepeats;                  /* number of duplicates */
 160 long ntransmitted;              /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 161 long snpackets;                 /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 162 long snreceived;                /* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
 163 long sntransmitted;             /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 164 int sweepmax;                   /* max value of payload in sweep */
 165 int sweepmin = 0;               /* start value of payload in sweep */
 166 int sweepincr = 1;              /* payload increment in sweep */
 167 int interval = 1000;            /* interval between packets, ms */
 168 int waittime = MAXWAIT;         /* timeout for each packet */
 169 long nrcvtimeout = 0;           /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 170
 171 /* timing */
 172 int timing;                     /* flag to do timing */
 173 double tmin = 999999999.0;      /* minimum round trip time */
 174 double tmax = 0.0;              /* maximum round trip time */
 175 double tsum = 0.0;              /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 176 double tsumsq = 0.0;            /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 177
 178 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 179 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 180
 181 static void fill(char *, char *);
 182 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
 183 static void check_status(void);
 184 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 185 static void pinger(void);
 186 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 187 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 188 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
 189 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 190 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
 191 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
 192 static void status(int);
 193 static void stopit(int);
 194 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
 195 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 196
 197 int
 198 main(int argc, char **argv)
 199 {
 200         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 201         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 202         struct timeval last, intvl;
 203         struct iovec iov;
 204         struct ip *ip;
 205         struct msghdr msg;
 206         struct sigaction si_sa;
 207         size_t sz;
 208         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 209         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 210         struct hostent *hp;
 211         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 212         double t;
 213         u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
 214         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload, sockerrno,
 215             tos, ttl;
 216         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
 217         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 218 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 219         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 220 #endif
 221         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 222
 223         payload = source = NULL;
 224
 225         /*
 226          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 227          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 228          * after arg parsing.
 229          */
 230         s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 231         sockerrno = errno;
 232
 233         setuid(getuid());
 234         uid = getuid();
 235
 236         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 237
 238         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 239         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:")) != -1) {
 240                 switch(ch) {
 241                 case 'A':
 242                         options |= F_MISSED;
 243                         break;
 244                 case 'a':
 245                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 246                         break;
 247                 case 'c':
 248                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 249                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
 250                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 251                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 252                                     optarg);
 253                         npackets = ultmp;
 254                         break;
 255                 case 'D':
 256                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 257                         df = 1;
 258                         break;
 259                 case 'd':
 260                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 261                         break;
 262                 case 'f':
 263                         if (uid) {
 264                                 errno = EPERM;
 265                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 266                         }
 267                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 268                         setbuf(stdout, NULL);
 269                         break;
 270                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 271                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 272                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 273                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 274                                     optarg);
 275                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 276                                 errno = EPERM;
 277                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 278                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 279                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 280                         }
 281                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 282                         sweepmax = ultmp;
 283                         break;
 284                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 285                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 286                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 287                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 288                                     optarg);
 289                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 290                                 errno = EPERM;
 291                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 292                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 293                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 294                         }
 295                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 296                         sweepmin = ultmp;
 297                         break;
 298                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 299                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 300                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
 301                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 302                                     optarg);
 303                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 304                                 errno = EPERM;
 305                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 306                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 307                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 308                         }
 309                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 310                         sweepincr = ultmp;
 311                         break;
 312                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 313                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 314                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 315                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 316                                     optarg);
 317                         options |= F_MIF;
 318                         break;
 319                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 320                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 321                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 322                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 323                                     optarg);
 324                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 325                         interval = (int)t;
 326                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 327                                 errno = EPERM;
 328                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 329                         }
 330                         break;
 331                 case 'L':
 332                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 333                         loop = 0;
 334                         break;
 335                 case 'l':
 336                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 337                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
 338                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 339                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 340                         if (uid) {
 341                                 errno = EPERM;
 342                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 343                         }
 344                         preload = ultmp;
 345                         break;
 346                 case 'M':
 347                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 348                         case 'M':
 349                         case 'm':
 350                                 options |= F_MASK;
 351                                 break;
 352                         case 'T':
 353                         case 't':
 354                                 options |= F_TIME;
 355                                 break;
 356                         default:
 357                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 358                                 break;
 359                         }
 360                         break;
 361                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 362                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 363                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 364                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 365                         ttl = ultmp;
 366                         options |= F_TTL;
 367                         break;
 368                 case 'n':
 369                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 370                         break;
 371                 case 'o':
 372                         options |= F_ONCE;
 373                         break;
 374                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 375                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 376                         payload = optarg;
 377                         break;
 378                 case 'Q':
 379                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 380                         break;
 381                 case 'q':
 382                         options |= F_QUIET;
 383                         break;
 384                 case 'R':
 385                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 386                         break;
 387                 case 'r':
 388                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 389                         break;
 390                 case 'S':
 391                         source = optarg;
 392                         break;
 393                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 394                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 395                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 396                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 397                                     optarg);
 398                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 399                                 errno = EPERM;
 400                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 401                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 402                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 403                         }
 404                         datalen = ultmp;
 405                         break;
 406                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 407                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 408                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 409                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 410                                     optarg);
 411                         mttl = ultmp;
 412                         options |= F_MTTL;
 413                         break;
 414                 case 't':
 415                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 416                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 417                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 418                                     optarg);
 419                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 420                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 421                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 422                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 423                         break;
 424                 case 'v':
 425                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 426                         break;
 427                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 428                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 429                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 430                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 431                                     optarg);
 432                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 433                         waittime = (int)t;
 434                         break;
 435                 case 'z':
 436                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 437                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 438                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
 439                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 440                         tos = ultmp;
 441                         break;
 442                 default:
 443                         usage();
 444                 }
 445         }
 446
 447         if (argc - optind != 1)
 448                 usage();
 449         target = argv[optind];
 450
 451         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 452         case 0: break;
 453         case F_MASK:
 454                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 455                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 456                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 457                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 458                         printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 459                 break;
 460         case F_TIME:
 461                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 462                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 463                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 464                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 465                         printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 466                 break;
 467         default:
 468                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 469                 break;
 470         }
 471         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 472         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 473                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 474         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 475         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 476                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 477                     maxpayload);
 478         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 479         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 480         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 481                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 482         }
 483         if (source) {
 484                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 485                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 486                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 487                         shostname = source;
 488                 } else {
 489                         hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
 490                         if (!hp)
 491                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 492                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 493
 494                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 495                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 496                             hp->h_length < 0)
 497                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 498                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 499                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 500                         strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 501                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 502                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 503                         shostname = snamebuf;
 504                 }
 505                 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1)
 506                         err(1, "bind");
 507         }
 508
 509         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 510         to = &whereto;
 511         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 512         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 513         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 514                 hostname = target;
 515         } else {
 516                 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
 517                 if (!hp)
 518                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 519                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 520
 521                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 522                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 523                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 524                 strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 525                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 526                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 527         }
 528
 529         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 530                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 531
 532         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 533                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 534                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 535         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 536             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 537                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 538                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 539
 540         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 541                 timing = 1;
 542
 543         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 544                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 545                         *datap++ = i;
 546
 547         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 548
 549         if (s < 0) {
 550                 errno = sockerrno;
 551                 err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
 552         }
 553         hold = 1;
 554         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
 555                 setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 556                     sizeof(hold));
 557         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 558                 setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 559                     sizeof(hold));
 560         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 561                 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
 562                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 563                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 564                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 565                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 566                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 567                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 568                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 569                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 570                 }
 571                 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 572                 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
 573                 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 574                 ip->ip_tos = tos;
 575                 ip->ip_id = 0;
 576                 ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
 577                 ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
 578                 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 579                 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 580                 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 581         }
 582         /* record route option */
 583         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 584 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 585                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 586                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 587                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 588                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 589                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 590                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 591                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 592                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 593 #else
 594                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 595                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 596 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 597         }
 598
 599         if (options & F_TTL) {
 600                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 601                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 602                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 603                 }
 604         }
 605         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 606                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 607                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 608                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 609                 }
 610         }
 611         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 612                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 613                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 614                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 615                 }
 616         }
 617         if (options & F_MIF) {
 618                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 619                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 620                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 621                 }
 622         }
 623 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 624         { int on = 1;
 625         if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 626                 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 627         }
 628 #endif
 629         if (sweepmax) {
 630                 if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
 631                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
 632
 633                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 634                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 635
 636                 if (npackets > 0) {
 637                         snpackets = npackets;
 638                         npackets = 0;
 639                 } else
 640                         snpackets = 1;
 641                 datalen = sweepmin;
 642                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 643         }
 644         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 645                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 646
 647         /*
 648          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 649          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 650          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 651          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 652          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 653          */
 654
 655         /*
 656          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 657          * as well.
 658          */
 659         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 660         setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 661             sizeof(hold));
 662         if (uid == 0)
 663                 setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 664                     sizeof(hold));
 665
 666         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 667                 printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 668                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 669                 if (source)
 670                         printf(" from %s", shostname);
 671                 if (sweepmax)
 672                         printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 673                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 674                 else
 675                         printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 676
 677         } else {
 678                 if (sweepmax)
 679                         printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 680                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 681                 else
 682                         printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 683         }
 684
 685         /*
 686          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 687          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 688          */
 689
 690         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 691         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 692
 693         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 694         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 695                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 696         }
 697
 698         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 699         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 700                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 701         }
 702
 703         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 704                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 705                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 706                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 707         }
 708
 709         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 710         msg.msg_name = &from;
 711         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 712         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 713 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 714         msg.msg_control = ctrl;
 715 #endif
 716         iov.iov_base = (char *)packet;
 717         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 718
 719         if (preload == 0)
 720                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 721         else {
 722                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 723                         preload = npackets;
 724                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 725                         pinger();
 726         }
 727         gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 728
 729         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 730                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 731                 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
 732         } else {
 733                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 734                 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
 735         }
 736
 737         almost_done = 0;
 738         while (!finish_up) {
 739                 struct timeval now, timeout;
 740                 fd_set rfds;
 741                 int cc, n;
 742
 743                 check_status();
 744                 if ((unsigned)s >= FD_SETSIZE)
 745                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 746                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 747                 FD_SET(s, &rfds);
 748                 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 749                 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
 750                 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
 751                 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
 752                         timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
 753                         timeout.tv_sec--;
 754                 }
 755                 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
 756                         timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
 757                         timeout.tv_sec++;
 758                 }
 759                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 760                         timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
 761                 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
 762                 if (n < 0)
 763                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 764                 if (n == 1) {
 765                         struct timeval *tv = NULL;
 766 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 767                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
 768
 769                         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 770 #endif
 771                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 772                         if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 773                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 774                                         continue;
 775                                 warn("recvmsg");
 776                                 continue;
 777                         }
 778 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 779                         if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 780                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 781                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 782                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 783                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 784                                 tv = &now;
 785                         }
 786 #endif
 787                         if (tv == NULL) {
 788                                 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 789                                 tv = &now;
 790                         }
 791                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 792                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 793                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 794                                 break;
 795                 }
 796                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 797                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 798                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 799                                         *datap++ = i;
 800                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 801                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 802                                         break;
 803                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 804                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 805                         }
 806                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 807                                 pinger();
 808                         else {
 809                                 if (almost_done)
 810                                         break;
 811                                 almost_done = 1;
 812                                 intvl.tv_usec = 0;
 813                                 if (nreceived) {
 814                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 815                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 816                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 817                                 } else {
 818                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 819                                         intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
 820                                 }
 821                         }
 822                         gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 823                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
 824                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
 825                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
 826                                         write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
 827                         }
 828                 }
 829         }
 830         finish();
 831         /* NOTREACHED */
 832         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
 833 }
 834
 835 /*
 836  * stopit --
 837  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
 838  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
 839  * to be called from a signal handler.
 840  */
 841 void
 842 stopit(int sig __unused)
 843 {
 844
 845         /*
 846          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
 847          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
 848          */
 849         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
 850                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
 851         finish_up = 1;
 852 }
 853
 854 /*
 855  * pinger --
 856  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
 857  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
 858  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
 859  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
 860  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
 861  */
 862 static void
 863 pinger(void)
 864 {
 865         struct timeval now;
 866         struct tv32 tv32;
 867         struct ip *ip;
 868         struct icmp *icp;
 869         int cc, i;
 870         u_char *packet;
 871
 872         packet = outpack;
 873         icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
 874         icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
 875         icp->icmp_code = 0;
 876         icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
 877         icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
 878         icp->icmp_id = ident;                   /* ID */
 879
 880         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
 881
 882         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
 883                 gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 884
 885                 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
 886                 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
 887                 if (options & F_TIME)
 888                         icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
 889                                 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
 890                 if (timing)
 891                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
 892                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
 893                             sizeof(tv32));
 894         }
 895
 896         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
 897
 898         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
 899         icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
 900
 901         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 902                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
 903                 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
 904                 ip->ip_len = cc;
 905                 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
 906                 packet = outpackhdr;
 907         }
 908         i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
 909             sizeof(whereto));
 910
 911         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
 912                 if (i < 0) {
 913                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
 914                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
 915                                 return;
 916                         }
 917                         warn("sendto");
 918                 } else {
 919                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
 920                              hostname, i, cc);
 921                 }
 922         }
 923         ntransmitted++;
 924         sntransmitted++;
 925         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
 926                 write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
 927 }
 928
 929 /*
 930  * pr_pack --
 931  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
 932  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
 933  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
 934  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
 935  */
 936 static void
 937 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
 938 {
 939         struct in_addr ina;
 940         u_char *cp, *dp;
 941         struct icmp *icp;
 942         struct ip *ip;
 943         const void *tp;
 944         double triptime;
 945         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
 946         static int old_rrlen;
 947         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
 948
 949         /* Check the IP header */
 950         ip = (struct ip *)buf;
 951         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
 952         recv_len = cc;
 953         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
 954                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
 955                         warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
 956                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
 957                 return;
 958         }
 959
 960         /* Now the ICMP part */
 961         cc -= hlen;
 962         icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
 963         if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
 964                 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
 965                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
 966                 ++nreceived;
 967                 triptime = 0.0;
 968                 if (timing) {
 969                         struct timeval tv1;
 970                         struct tv32 tv32;
 971 #ifndef icmp_data
 972                         tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
 973 #else
 974                         tp = icp->icmp_data;
 975 #endif
 976                         tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
 977
 978                         if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= (int)sizeof(tv1)) {
 979                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 980                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
 981                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
 982                                 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
 983                                 tvsub(tv, &tv1);
 984                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
 985                                     ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
 986                                 tsum += triptime;
 987                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
 988                                 if (triptime < tmin)
 989                                         tmin = triptime;
 990                                 if (triptime > tmax)
 991                                         tmax = triptime;
 992                         } else
 993                                 timing = 0;
 994                 }
 995
 996                 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
 997
 998                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
 999                         ++nrepeats;
1000                         --nreceived;
1001                         dupflag = 1;
1002                 } else {
1003                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1004                         dupflag = 0;
1005                 }
1006
1007                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1008                         return;
1009
1010                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1011                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1012                         return;
1013                 }
1014
1015                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1016                         write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1017                 else {
1018                         printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1019                            inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1020                            seq);
1021                         printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1022                         if (timing)
1023                                 printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1024                         if (dupflag)
1025                                 printf(" (DUP!)");
1026                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1027                                 write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1028                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1029                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1030                                 printf(" mask=%s",
1031                                         pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1032                         }
1033                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1034                                 printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1035                                 printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1036                                 printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1037                         }
1038                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1039                                 printf(
1040                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1041                                      recv_len, send_len);
1042                         }
1043                         /* check the data */
1044                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1045                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1046                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1047                         i = 0;
1048                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1049                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1050                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1051                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1052                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1053                         }
1054                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1055                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1056         printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1057             i, *dp, *cp);
1058                                         printf("\ncp:");
1059                                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1060                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1061                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1062                                                         printf("\n\t");
1063                                                 printf("%2x ", *cp);
1064                                         }
1065                                         printf("\ndp:");
1066                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1067                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1068                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1069                                                         printf("\n\t");
1070                                                 printf("%2x ", *cp);
1071                                         }
1072                                         break;
1073                                 }
1074                         }
1075                 }
1076         } else {
1077                 /*
1078                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1079                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1080                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1081                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1082                  *
1083                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1084                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1085                  * available to those not running as root.
1086                  */
1087 #ifndef icmp_data
1088                 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1089 #else
1090                 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1091 #endif
1092                 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1093
1094                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1095                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1096                      (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1097                      (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1098                      (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1099                      (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1100                     printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1101                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1102                     pr_icmph(icp);
1103                 } else
1104                     return;
1105         }
1106
1107         /* Display any IP options */
1108         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1109
1110         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1111                 switch (*cp) {
1112                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1113                         hlen = 0;
1114                         break;
1115                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1116                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1117                         printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1118                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1119                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1120                         hlen -= 2;
1121                         cp += 2;
1122                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1123                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1124                                 for (;;) {
1125                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1126                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1127                                                 printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1128                                         else
1129                                                 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina));
1130                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1131                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1132                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1133                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1134                                                 break;
1135                                         putchar('\n');
1136                                 }
1137                         } else
1138                                 printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1139                         break;
1140                 case IPOPT_RR:
1141                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1142                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1143                         hlen -= 2;
1144                         cp += 2;
1145                         if (i > j)
1146                                 i = j;
1147                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1148                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1149                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1150                                 continue;
1151                         }
1152                         if (i == old_rrlen
1153                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1154                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1155                                 printf("\t(same route)");
1156                                 hlen -= i;
1157                                 cp += i;
1158                                 break;
1159                         }
1160                         old_rrlen = i;
1161                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1162                         printf("\nRR: ");
1163                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1164                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1165                                 for (;;) {
1166                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1167                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1168                                                 printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1169                                         else
1170                                                 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina));
1171                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1172                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1173                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1174                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1175                                                 break;
1176                                         putchar('\n');
1177                                 }
1178                         } else
1179                                 printf("\t(truncated route)");
1180                         break;
1181                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1182                         printf("\nNOP");
1183                         break;
1184                 default:
1185                         printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1186                         break;
1187                 }
1188         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1189                 putchar('\n');
1190                 fflush(stdout);
1191         }
1192 }
1193
1194 /*
1195  * in_cksum --
1196  *      Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1197  */
1198 u_short
1199 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1200 {
1201         int nleft, sum;
1202         u_short *w;
1203         union {
1204                 u_short us;
1205                 u_char  uc[2];
1206         } last;
1207         u_short answer;
1208
1209         nleft = len;
1210         sum = 0;
1211         w = addr;
1212
1213         /*
1214          * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1215          * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1216          * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1217          */
1218         while (nleft > 1)  {
1219                 sum += *w++;
1220                 nleft -= 2;
1221         }
1222
1223         /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1224         if (nleft == 1) {
1225                 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1226                 last.uc[1] = 0;
1227                 sum += last.us;
1228         }
1229
1230         /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1231         sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);     /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1232         sum += (sum >> 16);                     /* add carry */
1233         answer = ~sum;                          /* truncate to 16 bits */
1234         return(answer);
1235 }
1236
1237 /*
1238  * tvsub --
1239  *      Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1240  * be >= in.
1241  */
1242 static void
1243 tvsub(struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in)
1244 {
1245
1246         if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1247                 --out->tv_sec;
1248                 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1249         }
1250         out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1251 }
1252
1253 /*
1254  * status --
1255  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1256  */
1257
1258 static void
1259 status(int sig __unused)
1260 {
1261
1262         siginfo_p = 1;
1263 }
1264
1265 static void
1266 check_status(void)
1267 {
1268
1269         if (siginfo_p) {
1270                 siginfo_p = 0;
1271                 fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1272                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1273                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1274                 if (nreceived && timing)
1275                         fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1276                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1277                 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1278         }
1279 }
1280
1281 /*
1282  * finish --
1283  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1284  */
1285 static void
1286 finish(void)
1287 {
1288
1289         signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1290         signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1291         putchar('\n');
1292         fflush(stdout);
1293         printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1294         printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1295         printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1296         if (nrepeats)
1297                 printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1298         if (ntransmitted) {
1299                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1300                         printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1301                 else
1302                         printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1303                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1304                             ntransmitted);
1305         }
1306         if (nrcvtimeout)
1307                 printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1308         putchar('\n');
1309         if (nreceived && timing) {
1310                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1311                 double avg = tsum / n;
1312                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1313                 printf(
1314                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1315                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1316         }
1317
1318         if (nreceived)
1319                 exit(0);
1320         else
1321                 exit(2);
1322 }
1323
1324 #ifdef notdef
1325 static char *ttab[] = {
1326         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1327         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1328         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1329         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1330         "Echo",
1331         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1332         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1333         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1334         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1335         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1336         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1337 };
1338 #endif
1339
1340 /*
1341  * pr_icmph --
1342  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1343  */
1344 static void
1345 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1346 {
1347
1348         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1349         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1350                 printf("Echo Reply\n");
1351                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1352                 break;
1353         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1354                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1355                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1356                         printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1357                         break;
1358                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1359                         printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1360                         break;
1361                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1362                         printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1363                         break;
1364                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1365                         printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1366                         break;
1367                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1368                         printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1369                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1370                         break;
1371                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1372                         printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1373                         break;
1374                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1375                         printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1376                         break;
1377                 default:
1378                         printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1379                             icp->icmp_code);
1380                         break;
1381                 }
1382                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1383 #ifndef icmp_data
1384                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1385 #else
1386                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1387 #endif
1388                 break;
1389         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1390                 printf("Source Quench\n");
1391 #ifndef icmp_data
1392                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1393 #else
1394                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1395 #endif
1396                 break;
1397         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1398                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1399                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1400                         printf("Redirect Network");
1401                         break;
1402                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1403                         printf("Redirect Host");
1404                         break;
1405                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1406                         printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1407                         break;
1408                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1409                         printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1410                         break;
1411                 default:
1412                         printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1413                         break;
1414                 }
1415                 printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1416 #ifndef icmp_data
1417                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1418 #else
1419                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1420 #endif
1421                 break;
1422         case ICMP_ECHO:
1423                 printf("Echo Request\n");
1424                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1425                 break;
1426         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1427                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1428                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1429                         printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1430                         break;
1431                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1432                         printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1433                         break;
1434                 default:
1435                         printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1436                             icp->icmp_code);
1437                         break;
1438                 }
1439 #ifndef icmp_data
1440                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1441 #else
1442                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1443 #endif
1444                 break;
1445         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1446                 printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1447                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1448 #ifndef icmp_data
1449                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1450 #else
1451                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1452 #endif
1453                 break;
1454         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1455                 printf("Timestamp\n");
1456                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1457                 break;
1458         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1459                 printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1460                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1461                 break;
1462         case ICMP_IREQ:
1463                 printf("Information Request\n");
1464                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1465                 break;
1466         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1467                 printf("Information Reply\n");
1468                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1469                 break;
1470         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1471                 printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1472                 break;
1473         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1474                 printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1475                 break;
1476         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1477                 printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1478                 break;
1479         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1480                 printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1481                 break;
1482         default:
1483                 printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1484         }
1485 }
1486
1487 /*
1488  * pr_iph --
1489  *      Print an IP header with options.
1490  */
1491 static void
1492 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1493 {
1494         u_char *cp;
1495         int hlen;
1496
1497         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1498         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1499
1500         printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1501         printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1502             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1503             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1504         printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1505             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1506             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1507         printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1508         printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1509         printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1510         /* dump any option bytes */
1511         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1512                 printf("%02x", *cp++);
1513         }
1514         putchar('\n');
1515 }
1516
1517 /*
1518  * pr_addr --
1519  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1520  * a hostname.
1521  */
1522 static char *
1523 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1524 {
1525         struct hostent *hp;
1526         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1527
1528         if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1529             !(hp = gethostbyaddr(&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1530                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1531         else
1532                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1533                     inet_ntoa(ina));
1534         return(buf);
1535 }
1536
1537 /*
1538  * pr_retip --
1539  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1540  */
1541 static void
1542 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1543 {
1544         u_char *cp;
1545         int hlen;
1546
1547         pr_iph(ip);
1548         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1549         cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1550
1551         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1552                 printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1553                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1554         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1555                 printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1556                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1557 }
1558
1559 static char *
1560 pr_ntime (n_time timestamp)
1561 {
1562         static char buf[10];
1563         int hour, min, sec;
1564
1565         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1566         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1567         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1568         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1569
1570         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1571
1572         return (buf);
1573 }
1574
1575 static void
1576 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1577 {
1578         char *cp;
1579         int pat[16];
1580         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1581
1582         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1583                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1584                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1585                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1586
1587         }
1588         ii = sscanf(patp,
1589             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1590             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1591             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1592             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1593
1594         if (ii > 0)
1595                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1596                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1597                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1598         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1599                 printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1600                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1601                         printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1602                 printf("\n");
1603         }
1604 }
1605
1606 static void
1607 usage(void)
1608 {
1609
1610         fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1611 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1612 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1613 "            [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1614 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1615 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1616 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1617 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1618 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1619         exit(EX_USAGE);
1620 }