3 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
9 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
10 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
11 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
13 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
14 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
15 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
16 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
17 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
19 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
20 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
23 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
24 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
27 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
29 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
30 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
31 # Corrections are welcome!
34 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
36 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
41 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
42 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
44 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
45 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
48 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
50 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
53 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
54 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
55 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
56 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
58 ###############################################################################
60 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
61 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
62 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
63 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
64 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
65 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
66 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
67 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
68 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
69 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
79 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
84 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
85 # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
86 # then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
87 # Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
88 # <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
89 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
90 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
91 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
92 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
93 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
94 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
95 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
96 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
97 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
102 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
103 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 S
104 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 1:00 0 -
105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
106 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
107 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
108 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
109 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
110 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
111 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
112 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
117 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
124 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
125 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
127 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
128 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
129 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
132 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
133 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
135 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
137 # British Indian Ocean Territory
138 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
139 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141 Zone Indian/Chagos 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
146 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
152 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
153 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
154 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
155 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
156 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
160 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
161 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
169 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
171 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
172 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
173 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
174 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
175 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
176 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
178 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
179 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
180 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
182 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
183 # 1987 mid-April - ??
185 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
186 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
187 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
189 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
190 # Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
191 # observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
192 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
193 # Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
196 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
197 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
198 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
199 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
200 Rule PRC 1949 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
201 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
202 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
203 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
205 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
207 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
208 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
209 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
210 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949):
211 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
212 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
213 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
218 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
219 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
222 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
223 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
224 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
226 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
227 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
228 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
231 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
232 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
236 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
237 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
238 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
239 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
240 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
241 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
242 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
243 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
244 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
245 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
246 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
247 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
248 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
249 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
250 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
251 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
252 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
253 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
254 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
258 ###############################################################################
262 # Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
263 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
264 # have any other information.
266 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
267 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
268 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
269 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
270 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
271 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
272 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
273 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
274 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
275 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
276 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
277 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
278 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
279 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
282 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
283 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
284 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
285 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
286 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
287 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
288 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
289 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
290 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
291 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
292 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
293 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
294 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
295 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
296 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
297 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
298 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
299 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
300 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
304 ###############################################################################
307 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
308 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
309 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
310 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
311 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
312 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
313 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
314 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
315 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
316 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
317 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
318 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
319 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
321 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
323 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
324 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
325 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
328 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
329 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
330 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
331 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
332 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
334 # From Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org>, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
335 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
336 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
337 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
339 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
341 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
342 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
343 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
344 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
345 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
346 # of integration into Europe.
348 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
349 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
350 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
351 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
352 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
353 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
354 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
355 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
356 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
357 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
358 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
359 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT
363 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
364 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
365 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
366 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
367 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
368 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
369 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
370 # conflicts with their way of life.
372 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
373 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
374 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
376 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
377 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
379 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
380 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
381 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
382 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
384 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
385 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
386 8:00 - TPT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
388 9:00 - TPT 1976 May 3
389 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
393 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
394 Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
395 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
396 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
398 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
400 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
402 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
407 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks:
408 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
409 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
410 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
411 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
414 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
415 # Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
416 # but this must be a typo.
417 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
418 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
419 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
425 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
426 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
427 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
432 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
434 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
435 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
436 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
439 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
446 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
447 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
448 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
450 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
451 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
453 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
455 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
456 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
457 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
458 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
459 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
460 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
462 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
463 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
464 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
467 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
469 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
470 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
471 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
472 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
473 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
474 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
476 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-15)
477 # Go with Shanks before September 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
478 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates.
479 # The Persian calendar is based on the sun, and dates after around 2050
480 # are approximate; stop after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
482 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
483 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
484 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
485 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
486 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
487 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
488 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
489 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
490 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
491 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
492 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
493 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
494 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
495 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
496 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
497 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
498 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
499 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
500 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
501 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
502 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
503 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
504 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
505 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
506 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
507 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
508 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
509 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
510 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
511 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
512 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
513 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
514 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
515 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
516 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
517 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
518 Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
519 Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
520 Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
521 Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
522 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
523 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
524 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
525 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
526 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
527 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
528 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
529 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
530 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
531 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
532 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
533 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
534 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
542 # From Jonathan Lennox <lennox@cs.columbia.edu> (2000-06-12):
543 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
544 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
545 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
546 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
548 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
549 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
550 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
551 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
552 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
554 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
556 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
557 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
558 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
559 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
560 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
561 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
562 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
563 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
564 # Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
565 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
566 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
567 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
568 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
569 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
574 ###############################################################################
578 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
580 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
581 # different abbreviations in use:
583 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
584 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
585 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
587 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
588 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
589 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
590 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
591 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
592 # settings in Israeli computers.
594 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
595 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
596 # family is from India).
599 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
600 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
601 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
602 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
603 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
604 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
605 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
606 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
607 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
608 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
609 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
610 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
611 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
612 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
613 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
614 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
615 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
616 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
617 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
618 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
619 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
620 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
621 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
622 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
623 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
624 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
625 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
626 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
627 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
628 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
629 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
630 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
631 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
632 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
633 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
634 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
635 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
636 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
637 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
638 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
639 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
641 # From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim@cs.huji.ac.il>
642 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17 and 2000-07-25):
644 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
645 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
646 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
647 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
648 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
649 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
650 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
651 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
652 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
653 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
654 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
655 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
656 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
657 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
658 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
659 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
660 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
661 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
662 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
663 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
664 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
665 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
667 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
668 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
669 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
670 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
671 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
672 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
673 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
674 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
675 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
676 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
677 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
679 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
680 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
681 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
683 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
684 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
685 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
686 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
687 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
689 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
690 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
691 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
693 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
695 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
697 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
699 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
701 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
703 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
704 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
705 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
706 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
707 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
708 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
709 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
710 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
711 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
713 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
714 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
715 # years 2001-2004 as well.
717 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
719 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
721 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
722 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
724 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
726 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
727 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
728 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
729 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
730 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
731 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
732 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
733 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
734 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
735 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
736 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
738 # From Paul Eggert (2000-07-25):
739 # Here are guesses for rules after 2004.
740 # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all.
741 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
742 Rule Zion 2005 max - Apr 1 1:00 1:00 D
743 Rule Zion 2005 max - Oct 1 1:00 0 S
745 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
746 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
747 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
750 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2003-03-23):
752 # Minister of Interior Poraz has announced that he will respect the law
753 # passed in July 2000 (proposed at the time jointly by himself and
754 # then-MK David Azulai [Shas]) fixing the dates for 2000-2004. Hence,
755 # the dates for 2003 and 2004 remain unchanged....
757 # As far as 2005 and beyond, no dates have been set. However, the
758 # minister has mentioned that he wishes to propose to move Israel's
759 # timezone in 2005 from GMT+2 to GMT+3 and upon that have DST during
760 # the summer months (i.e. GMT+4). However, no legislation in this
761 # direction is expected until the latter part of 2004 which is a long
762 # time off in terms of Israeli politics.
766 ###############################################################################
770 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
772 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-03-06):
773 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
774 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
775 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
776 # Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
777 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
778 #Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
779 #Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
780 #Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
781 #Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
782 # but the only locations using it were US military bases.
783 # We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
785 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
786 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
787 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
788 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
789 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
790 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
791 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
793 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
794 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
795 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
796 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
797 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
798 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
799 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
800 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
803 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
804 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
806 # Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki)
807 # use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
809 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
810 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
814 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
818 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
819 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
820 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
821 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
824 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
825 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
826 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
827 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
828 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
829 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
831 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
832 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
833 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
834 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
835 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
836 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
837 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
838 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
839 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
840 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
841 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
842 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
843 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
844 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
845 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
846 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
847 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
848 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
849 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
850 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
851 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
852 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
853 Rule Jordan 1999 max - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
854 Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
855 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
856 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
860 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
861 # Andrew Evtichov <evti@chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
862 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
863 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
864 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
865 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
867 # From Paul Eggert (2001-10-18):
868 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
869 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
870 # Go with Shanks, who has them always using RussiaAsia rules.
871 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks:
873 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
874 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
875 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
878 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
880 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
881 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
882 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
883 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
885 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT
886 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
887 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
888 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
889 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
890 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
891 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
892 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
893 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
894 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
895 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT
896 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
897 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
898 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
899 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
900 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
901 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
902 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
903 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
904 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT # Aqtobe Time
906 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
907 # so include time stamps before 1963.
908 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
909 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
911 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
912 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
913 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
914 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
915 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
916 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT
918 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
919 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
920 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
921 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
922 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
923 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
924 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
925 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
926 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT # Oral Time
928 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
929 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
930 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
931 Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
932 Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
933 Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
934 Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
935 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
936 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
937 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
938 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
939 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
940 5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time
942 ###############################################################################
944 # Korea (North and South)
947 # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
948 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
949 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
952 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
953 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
954 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
955 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D
956 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S
958 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
959 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
963 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
964 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
967 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
971 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
972 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
975 ###############################################################################
978 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
979 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
983 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
984 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
985 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
991 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
992 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
993 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
994 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
995 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
996 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
997 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
998 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
999 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1000 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1001 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1002 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1003 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1004 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1005 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1006 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1007 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1008 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1009 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1010 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1011 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1012 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1013 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1014 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1015 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1016 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1017 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1021 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1022 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1023 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1025 # peninsular Malaysia
1026 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1027 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1028 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1029 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1030 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1031 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1032 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1033 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1034 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1035 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1036 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1037 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1039 # From Paul Eggert (2003-11-01):
1040 # The data here are mostly from Shanks, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1041 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1042 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1043 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1044 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1045 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1046 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1047 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1051 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1052 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1053 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1054 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1058 # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
1059 # Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
1060 # both say that it has just one.
1062 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1063 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1064 # General Information Mongolia
1066 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1067 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1068 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1071 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1072 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1073 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1074 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1075 # of implementation may have been different....
1076 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1077 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1078 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1080 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1081 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1082 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1083 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1084 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1085 # is good enough for our purposes.
1087 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1088 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1089 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1090 # there are three time zones.
1092 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1093 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1094 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1095 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1097 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1099 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar <ganbold@micom.mng.net> (2004-04-17):
1100 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1101 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1102 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1104 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1105 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1106 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1109 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1110 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1111 # IATA SSIM says 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, but Shanks (1995) lists
1112 # them at 02:00s, and McDow says the 2001 switches also occurred at 02:00.
1113 # Also, IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks through 1998.
1114 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1115 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1116 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1117 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1118 Rule Mongol 2001 max - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1119 Rule Mongol 2002 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1121 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1122 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1123 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1124 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1126 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1127 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1128 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1130 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1131 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1132 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1134 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1135 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time
1138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1139 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1141 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1144 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1145 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1150 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1151 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1152 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1153 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1154 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1155 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1157 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1158 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1159 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1160 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1161 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1162 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1163 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1164 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1165 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1166 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1167 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1169 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1170 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1171 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1173 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1174 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1175 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1177 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1178 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1179 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1180 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1182 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1183 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1186 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1187 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1188 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1189 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1190 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1192 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1193 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1194 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1195 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1199 # From Amos Shapir <amos@nsof.co.il> (1998-02-15):
1201 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1202 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1203 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1205 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1206 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1207 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1210 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1211 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1212 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1213 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1214 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1217 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1218 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1219 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1220 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1221 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1223 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1224 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1225 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1226 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1227 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1230 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1232 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1233 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1234 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1235 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1236 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1238 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1241 # From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
1242 # Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go
1243 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1244 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1245 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1246 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1247 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1248 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1249 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1250 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1251 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1253 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1254 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1256 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1257 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1258 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1259 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1261 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1262 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1263 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1265 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1266 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1267 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1268 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1269 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1271 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1272 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1273 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1274 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1275 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1276 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1277 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1278 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1280 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1281 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1283 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1284 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1285 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1286 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1288 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1289 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1295 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1296 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1297 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1298 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1299 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
1300 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1301 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1302 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1303 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1304 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1305 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1306 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1307 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1308 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1309 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1310 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1315 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1316 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1321 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1322 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1326 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1327 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1328 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1329 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1330 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1331 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1332 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1333 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1334 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1335 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1336 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1337 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1344 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1345 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1346 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1347 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1348 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1349 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1351 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1353 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1354 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1356 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1357 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1359 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1360 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1361 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1362 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1363 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1364 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1365 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1366 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1370 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1371 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1372 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1373 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1374 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1375 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1376 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1377 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1378 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1379 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1380 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1381 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1382 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1383 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1384 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1385 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1386 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1387 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1388 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1389 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1390 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1391 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1392 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1393 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1394 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1395 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1396 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1397 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1398 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1399 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1400 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1401 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1402 # ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
1403 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1404 Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1405 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1406 Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1407 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1408 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1414 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1415 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1416 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1417 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1418 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1421 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1422 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1423 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1428 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1429 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1430 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1431 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1432 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1433 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1436 # United Arab Emirates
1437 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1438 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1442 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1443 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1444 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1445 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1446 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1447 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
1448 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1449 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1450 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1452 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1453 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1454 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1455 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1456 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1457 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1461 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
1462 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
1463 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
1465 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1466 Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1467 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1473 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1474 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
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