1 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
13 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
14 .\" without specific prior written permission.
16 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28 .\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
29 .\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8,v 1.124 2006/10/10 09:44:08 ru Exp $
30 .\" $DragonFly: src/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8,v 1.25 2008/11/14 12:52:04 sephe Exp $
32 .Dd September 30, 2007
37 .Nd configure network interface parameters
78 utility is used to assign an address
79 to a network interface and/or configure
80 network interface parameters.
83 utility must be used at boot time to define the network address
84 of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
85 a later time to redefine an interface's address
86 or other operating parameters.
88 The following options are available:
89 .Bl -tag -width indent
92 .Tn DARPA Ns -Internet
94 the address is either a host name present in the host name data
99 Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
102 It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
103 slash notation) to include the netmask.
104 That is, one can specify an address like
109 family, it is also possible to specify the prefix length using the slash
114 parameter below for more information.
115 .\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
117 .\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
120 .\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
121 .\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
125 .\" are specified in hexadecimal.
126 .\" The host number may be omitted on IEEE 802 protocol
127 .\" (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring) interfaces,
128 .\" which use the hardware physical address,
129 .\" and on interfaces other than the first.
132 .\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
133 .\" as in the Xerox family.
134 .\" However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
135 .\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
136 .\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
141 is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
143 e.g.\& set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
144 mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
145 If the interface is already
146 up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
147 then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
148 filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
149 .It Ar address_family
152 which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
153 Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
154 with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
155 The address or protocol families currently
174 Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
175 of a point to point link.
178 parameter is a string of the form
184 The following parameters may be set with
186 .Bl -tag -width indent
191 Introduced for compatibility
195 Establish an additional network address for this interface.
196 This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
197 one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
198 If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
199 for this interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given.
204 Remove the network address specified.
205 This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
206 was no longer needed.
207 If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
208 of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
209 allow you to respecify the host portion.
212 Specify that the address configured is an anycast address.
213 Based on the current specification,
214 only routers may configure anycast addresses.
215 Anycast address will not be used as source address of any of outgoing
218 Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
221 between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
222 This is currently implemented for mapping between
227 802 48-bit MAC addresses (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).
229 Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
232 If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
233 the host will only reply to requests for its addresses,
234 and will never send any requests.
236 If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
237 the host will perform normally,
238 sending out requests and listening for replies.
241 Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
243 The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
245 Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
246 extra console error logging.
248 Disable driver dependent debugging code.
250 Put interface into permanently promiscuous mode.
252 Disable permanently promiscuous mode.
260 When an interface is marked
262 the system will not attempt to
263 transmit messages through that interface.
264 If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
265 This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
269 (lowermost 64bit of an IPv6 address)
272 This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
273 IP packets encapsulating IPX packets bound for a remote network.
274 An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
275 the address specified will be taken as the IPX address and network
278 If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
281 Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
282 different physical media connectors.
283 For example, a 10Mbit/s Ethernet
284 interface might support the use of either
286 or twisted pair connectors.
287 Setting the media type to
289 would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
292 would activate twisted pair.
293 Refer to the interfaces' driver
294 specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
296 .It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
297 If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
298 media options on the interface.
302 is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
303 Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
304 list of available options.
305 .It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
306 If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
307 specified media options on the interface.
309 If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
310 operating mode on the interface to
312 For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces that support multiple operating modes
313 this directive is used to select between 802.11a
321 Set the interface name to
324 If the driver supports receive side scaling,
325 enable receive side scaling on the interface.
327 If the driver supports receive side scaling,
328 disable receive side scaling on the interface.
329 .It Cm rxcsum , txcsum
330 If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
331 enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
332 Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags independently
333 of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
334 The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
335 support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
336 .It Fl rxcsum , txcsum
337 If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
338 disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
339 These settings may not always be independent of each other.
340 .It Cm vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
341 If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
342 reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
344 Note that this must be issued on a physical interface associated with
349 .It Fl vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
350 If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
351 reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
353 .It Cm pollcpu Ar cpu
356 feature and disable interrupts on the interface,
357 if the driver supports this mode and
361 Driver will be polled by
366 feature and disable interrupts on the interface, if the driver supports
371 feature and enable interrupt mode on the interface.
373 Create the specified network pseudo-device.
374 If the interface is given without a unit number, try to create a new
375 device with an arbitrary unit number.
376 If creation of an arbitrary device is successful, the new device name is
377 printed to standard output unless the interface is renamed or destroyed
382 Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
398 Set the routing metric of the interface to
401 The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
403 Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
404 less favorable; metrics are counted as additional hops
405 to the destination network or host.
407 Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
409 default is interface specific.
410 The MTU is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
412 Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have
414 .It Cm netmask Ar mask
417 Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
418 networks into sub-networks.
419 The mask includes the network part of the local address
420 and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
421 The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
424 with a dot-notation Internet address,
425 or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
427 The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
428 which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
429 and 0's for the host part.
430 The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
431 and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
434 The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the address.
437 option above for more information.
440 Enable autoconfiguration.
442 Disable autoconfiguration.
445 Set preferred lifetime for the address.
448 Set valid lifetime for the address.
449 .It Cm prefixlen Ar len
453 bits are reserved for subdividing networks into sub-networks.
456 must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
457 It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
458 If the parameter is omitted, 64 is used.
460 The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after the address.
463 option above for more information.
466 Set the IPv6 deprecated address bit.
469 Clear the IPv6 deprecated address bit.
472 Set the IPv6 tentative address bit.
475 Clear the IPv6 tentative address bit.
478 .\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
481 .\" This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
483 .\" used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
486 .\" (Network Entity Title).
487 .\" The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
489 .\" When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
492 .\" which is being specified.
495 .\" 20 hex digits should be
498 .\" to be assigned to the interface.
499 .\" There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
502 .\" 37 type addresses.
503 .It Cm range Ar netrange
504 Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a
507 .Ar startnet Ns - Ns Ar endnet .
508 Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
511 implements it internally as a set of netmasks.
516 Introduced for compatibility
520 The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
521 Appletalk network attached to the interface.
522 Values of 1 or 2 are permitted.
524 .It Cm link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
526 Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
527 These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
528 they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
530 of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
531 for some Ethernet cards.
532 Refer to the man page for the specific driver
533 for more information.
535 .It Fl link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
537 Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
551 Put the interface in monitor mode.
552 No packets are transmitted, and received packets are discarded after
556 Take the interface out of monitor mode.
560 This may be used to enable an interface after an
562 It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
563 If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
564 the hardware will be re-initialized.
567 The following parameters are specific to IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces:
568 .Bl -tag -width indent
570 When operating as an access point, pass packets between
571 wireless clients directly (default).
572 To instead let them pass up through the
573 system and be forwarded using some other mechanism, use
575 Disabling the internal bridging
576 is useful when traffic is to be processed with
578 .It Cm authmode Ar mode
579 Set the desired authentication mode in infrastructure mode.
580 Not all adaptors support all modes.
583 .Cm none , open , shared
589 (IEEE WPA/WPA2/802.11i).
594 modes are only useful when using an authentication service
595 (a supplicant for client operation or an authenticator when
596 operating as an access point).
597 Modes are case insensitive.
598 .It Cm bintval Ar interval
599 Set the interval at which beacon frames are sent when operating in
603 parameter is specified in TU's (1024 usecs).
604 By default beacon frames are transmitted every 100 TU's.
605 .It Cm bmissthreshold Ar count
606 Set the number of consecutive missed beacons at which the station
607 will attempt to roam (i.e. search for a new access point).
610 parameter is must be in the range 1 to 255;
611 though the upper bound may be reduced according to device capabilities..
612 The default threshold is 7 consecutive missed beacons;
613 but this may be overridden by the device driver.
618 .It Cm bssid Ar address
619 Specify the MAC address of the access point to use when operating
620 as a station in a BSS network.
621 This overrides any automatic selection done by the system.
622 To disable a previously selected access point, supply
627 This option is useful when more than one access point uses the same SSID.
633 Enable packet bursting.
634 Packet bursting is a transmission technique whereby the wireless
635 medium is acquired once to send multiple frames and the interframe
637 This technique can significantly increase throughput by reducing
638 transmission overhead.
639 Packet bursting is supported by the 802.11e QoS specification
640 and some devices that do not support QoS may still be capable.
641 By default packet bursting is enabled if a device is capable
643 To disable packet bursting, use
645 .It Cm chanlist Ar channels
646 Set the desired channels to use when scanning for access
647 points, neighbors in an IBSS network, or looking for unoccupied
648 channels when operating as an access point.
649 The set of channels is specified as a comma-separated list with
650 each element in the list representing either a single channel number or a range
653 Channel numbers must be in the range 1 to 255 and be permissible
654 according to the operating characteristics of the device.
655 .It Cm channel Ar number
656 Set a single desired channel.
657 Channels range from 1 to 255, but the exact selection available
658 depends on the region your adaptor was manufactured for.
665 will give you the default for your adaptor.
667 adaptors ignore this setting unless you are in ad-hoc mode.
668 Alternatively the frequency, in megahertz, may be specified
669 instead of the channel number.
670 .It Cm deftxkey Ar index
671 Set the default key to use for transmission.
672 Typically this is only set when using WEP encryption.
675 is an alias for this request; it is provided for backwards compatibility.
676 .It Cm dtimperiod Ar period
679 period for transmitting buffered multicast data frames when
680 operating in ap mode.
683 specifies the number of beacon intervals between DTIM
684 and must be in the range 1 to 15.
685 By default DTIM is 1 (i.e., DTIM occurs at each beacon).
686 .It Cm fragthreshold Ar length
687 Set the threshold for which transmitted frames are broken into fragments.
690 argument is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 256 to 2346.
698 disables transmit fragmentation.
699 Not all adaptors honor the fragmentation threshold.
701 When operating as an access point, do not broadcast the SSID
702 in beacon frames or respond to probe request frames unless
703 they are directed to the ap (i.e., they include the ap's SSID).
704 By default, the SSID is included in beacon frames and
705 undirected probe request frames are answered.
706 To re-enable the broadcast of the SSID etc., use
709 Display the list of channels available for use taking into account
710 any restrictions set with the
713 See the description of
715 for more information.
717 Display the adaptor's capabilities, including the operating
720 Display the list of channels available for use.
721 Channels are shown with their IEEE channel number, equivalent
722 frequency, and usage modes.
723 Channels identified as
728 Channels identified as
730 may be used only for Atheros' Static Turbo mode
732 .Cm mediaopt turbo ) .
733 Channels marked with a
735 have a regulatory constraint that they be passively scanned.
736 This means a station is not permitted to transmit on the channel until
737 it identifies the channel is being used for 802.11 communication;
738 typically by hearing a beacon frame from an access point operating
741 is another way of requesting this information.
743 Display the current MAC Access Control List state.
744 Each address is prefixed with a character that indicates the
745 current policy applied to it:
747 indicates the address is allowed access,
749 indicates the address is denied access,
751 indicates the address is present but the current policy open
752 (so the ACL is not consulted).
754 Display the access points and/or ad-hoc neighbors
755 located in the vicinity.
758 flag may be used to display long SSIDs.
759 This information may be updated automatically by the adaptor
764 is another way of requesting this information.
766 When operating as an access point display the stations that are
767 currently associated.
768 When operating in ad-hoc mode display stations identified as
769 neighbors in the IBSS.
771 Display the current parameters to use when operating in WME mode.
772 When WME mode is enabled for an adaptor this information will be
773 displayed with the regular status; this command is mostly useful
774 for examining parameters when WME mode is disabled.
775 See the description of the
777 directive for information on the various parameters.
778 .It Cm mcastrate Ar rate
779 Set the rate for transmitting multicast/broadcast frames.
780 Rates are specified as megabits/second in decimal; e.g.\& 5.5 for 5.5 Mbit/s.
781 This rate should be valid for the current operating conditions;
782 if an invalid rate is specified drivers are free to chose an
785 Enable powersave operation.
786 When operating as a client, the station will conserve power by
787 periodically turning off the radio and listening for
788 messages from the access point telling it there are packets waiting.
789 The station must then retrieve the packets.
790 When operating as an access point, the station must honor power
791 save operation of associated clients.
792 Not all devices support power save operation, either as a client
793 or as an access point.
796 to disable powersave operation.
797 .It Cm powersavemode Ar mode
799 The set of valid modes is
810 .It Cm powersavesleep Ar sleep
811 Set the desired max powersave sleep time in TU's (1024 usecs).
812 By default the max powersave sleep time is 100 TU's.
813 .It Cm protmode Ar technique
814 For interfaces operating in 802.11g, use the specified
816 for protecting OFDM frames in a mixed 11b/11g network.
817 The set of valid techniques is
823 Technique names are case insensitive.
825 When operating as an access point in 802.11g mode allow only
826 11g-capable stations to associate (11b-only stations are not
827 permitted to associate).
828 To allow both 11g and 11b-only stations to associate, use
830 .It Cm roaming Ar mode
831 When operating as a station, control how the system will
832 behave when communication with the current access point
836 argument may be one of
838 (leave it to the hardware device to decide),
840 (handle either in the device or the operating system\[em]as appropriate),
842 (do nothing until explicitly instructed).
843 By default, the device is left to handle this if it is
844 capable; otherwise, the operating system will automatically
845 attempt to reestablish communication.
846 Manual mode is mostly useful when an application wants to
847 control the selection of an access point.
848 .It Cm ratectl Ar algorithm
849 Set the TX rate control algorithm.
854 (Onoe TX rate control algorithm),
856 (Sample TX rate control algorithm)
859 (AMRR TX rate control algorithm).
861 names are case sensitive.
862 .It Cm rtsthreshold Ar length
863 Set the threshold for which
864 transmitted frames are preceded by transmission of an
870 is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 1 to 2346.
878 disables transmission of RTS frames.
879 Not all adaptors support setting the RTS threshold.
881 Set the desired Service Set Identifier (aka network name).
882 The SSID is a string up to 32 characters
883 in length and may be specified as either a normal string or in
884 hexadecimal when preceded by
886 Additionally, the SSID may be cleared by setting it to
889 Initiate a scan of neighboring stations, wait for it to complete, and
890 display all stations found.
891 Only the super-user can initiate a scan.
892 Depending on the capabilities of the APs, the following
893 flags can be included in the output:
897 Indicates that the station support channel hopping as described by the
898 IEEE 802.11b specification.
900 Packet Binary Convolution Code (PBCC).
901 A modulation alternative to the standard OFDM method.
907 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum - Orthogonal Frequency Division
908 Multiplexing (DSSS-OFDM).
909 Indicates the the station supports DSSS-OFDM modulation.
911 Extended Service Set (ESS).
912 Indicates that the station is part of an infrastructure network
913 (in contrast to an IBSS/ad-hoc network).
916 Indicates that the station is part of an ad-hoc network
917 (in contrast to an ESS network).
920 Data confidentiality is required for all data frames
921 exchanged within the BSS.
922 This means that this BSS requires the station to
923 use cryptographic means such as WEP, TKIP or AES-CCMP to
924 encrypt/decrypt data frames being exchanged with others.
926 Robust Security Network (RSN).
927 Indicates that the station supports the IEEE 802.11i authentication
928 and key management protocol.
931 Indicates that the network is using short preambles (defined
932 in 802.11b High Rate/DSSS PHY, short preamble utilizes a
933 56 bit sync field in contrast to a 128 bit field used in long
937 Indicates that the network is using a short slot time.
942 request can be used to show recent scan results without
943 initiating a new scan.
947 flag may be used to prevent the shortening of long SSIDs.
948 .It Cm stationname Ar name
949 Set the name of this station.
950 It appears that the station name is not really part of the IEEE 802.11
951 protocol though all interfaces seem to support it.
953 seems to be meaningful to identical or virtually identical equipment.
954 Setting the station name is identical in syntax to setting the SSID.
955 .It Cm txpower Ar power
956 Set the power used to transmit frames.
960 is a unitless value in the range 0 to 100 that is interpreted
961 by drivers to derive a device-specific value.
962 Out of range values are truncated.
963 Typically only a few discreet power settings are available and
964 the driver will use the setting closest to the specified value.
965 Not all adaptors support changing the transmit power.
966 .It Cm wepmode Ar mode
967 Set the desired WEP mode.
968 Not all adaptors support all modes.
969 The set of valid modes is
975 mode explicitly tells the adaptor to allow association with access
976 points which allow both encrypted and unencrypted traffic.
979 means that the access point must only allow encrypted connections.
982 is generally another name for
984 Modes are case insensitive.
985 .It Cm weptxkey Ar index
986 Set the WEP key to be used for transmission.
987 This is the same as setting the default transmission key with
989 .It Cm wepkey Ar key Ns | Ns Ar index : Ns Ar key
990 Set the selected WEP key.
993 is not given, key 1 is set.
994 A WEP key will be either 5 or 13
995 characters (40 or 104 bits) depending of the local network and the
996 capabilities of the adaptor.
997 It may be specified either as a plain
998 string or as a string of hexadecimal digits preceded by
1000 For maximum portability, hex keys are recommended;
1001 the mapping of text keys to WEP encryption is usually driver-specific.
1004 drivers do this mapping differently to
1006 A key may be cleared by setting it to
1008 If WEP is supported then there are at least four keys.
1009 Some adaptors support more than four keys.
1010 If that is the case, then the first four keys
1011 (1-4) will be the standard temporary keys and any others will be adaptor
1012 specific keys such as permanent keys stored in NVRAM.
1014 Enable Wireless Multimedia Extensions (WME) support, if available,
1015 for the specified interface.
1016 WME is a subset of the IEEE 802.11e standard to support the
1017 efficient communication of realtime and multimedia data.
1018 To disable WME support, use
1021 The following parameters are meaningful only when WME support is in use.
1022 Parameters are specified per-AC (Access Category) and
1023 split into those that are used by a station when acting
1024 as an access point and those for client stations in the BSS.
1025 The latter are received from the access point and may not be changed
1027 The following Access Categories are recognized:
1029 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm AC_BK" -compact
1033 best effort delivery,
1048 AC parameters are case-insensitive.
1049 Traffic classification is done in the operating system using the
1050 vlan priority associated with data frames or the
1051 ToS (Type of Service) indication in IP-encapsulated frames.
1052 If neither information is present, traffic is assigned to the
1053 Best Effort (BE) category.
1054 .Bl -tag -width indent
1056 Set the ACK policy for QoS transmissions by the local station;
1057 this controls whether or not data frames transmitted by a station
1058 require an ACK response from the receiving station.
1059 To disable waiting for an ACK use
1061 This parameter is applied only to the local station.
1063 Enable the Admission Control Mandatory (ACM) mechanism
1064 for transmissions by the local station.
1065 To disable the ACM use
1067 On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
1068 the setting received from the access point.
1069 NB: ACM is not supported right now.
1070 .It Cm aifs Ar ac Ar count
1071 Set the Arbitration Inter Frame Spacing (AIFS)
1072 channel access parameter to use for transmissions
1073 by the local station.
1074 On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
1075 the setting received from the access point.
1076 .It Cm cwmin Ar ac Ar count
1077 Set the CWmin channel access parameter to use for transmissions
1078 by the local station.
1079 On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
1080 the setting received from the access point.
1081 .It Cm cwmax Ar ac Ar count
1082 Set the CWmax channel access parameter to use for transmissions
1083 by the local station.
1084 On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
1085 the setting received from the access point.
1086 .It Cm txoplimit Ar ac Ar limit
1087 Set the Transmission Opportunity Limit channel access parameter
1088 to use for transmissions by the local station.
1089 This parameter defines an interval of time when a WME station
1090 has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium.
1091 On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
1092 the setting received from the access point.
1093 .It Cm bss:aifs Ar ac Ar count
1094 Set the AIFS channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
1095 This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
1096 .It Cm bss:cwmin Ar ac Ar count
1097 Set the CWmin channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
1098 This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
1099 .It Cm bss:cwmax Ar ac Ar count
1100 Set the CWmax channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
1101 This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
1102 .It Cm bss:txoplimit Ar ac Ar limit
1103 Set the TxOpLimit channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
1104 This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
1108 The following parameters support an optional access control list
1109 feature available with some adaptors when operating in ap mode; see
1111 This facility allows an access point to accept/deny association
1112 requests based on the MAC address of the station.
1113 Note that this feature does not significantly enhance security
1114 as MAC address spoofing is easy to do.
1115 .Bl -tag -width indent
1116 .It Cm mac:add Ar address
1117 Add the specified MAC address to the database.
1118 Depending on the policy setting association requests from the
1119 specified station will be allowed or denied.
1121 Set the ACL policy to permit association only by
1122 stations registered in the database.
1123 .It Cm mac:del Ar address
1124 Delete the specified MAC address from the database.
1126 Set the ACL policy to deny association only by
1127 stations registered in the database.
1128 .It Cm mac:kick Ar address
1129 Force the specified station to be deauthenticated.
1130 This typically is done to block a station after updating the
1133 Set the ACL policy to allow all stations to associate.
1135 Delete all entries in the database.
1138 The following parameters are for compatibility with other systems:
1139 .Bl -tag -width indent
1141 Another name for the
1147 .It Cm station Ar name
1148 Another name for the
1155 Another way of saying
1161 Another way of saying
1167 Another way of saying:
1168 .Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 1:key wepkey 2:- wepkey 3:- wepkey 4:-" .
1174 .Ar n : k1 , k2 , k3 , k4
1177 Another way of saying
1178 .Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey n wepkey 1:k1 wepkey 2:k2 wepkey 3:k3 wepkey 4:k4" .
1183 Another way of saying
1190 The following parameters are specific to bridge interfaces:
1191 .Bl -tag -width indent
1192 .It Cm addm Ar interface
1193 Add the interface named by
1195 as a member of the bridge.
1196 The interface is put into promiscuous mode
1197 so that it can receive every packet sent on the network.
1198 .It Cm deletem Ar interface
1199 Remove the interface named by
1202 Promiscuous mode is disabled on the interface when
1203 it is removed from the bridge.
1204 .It Cm maxaddr Ar size
1205 Set the size of the bridge address cache to
1207 The default is 100 entries.
1208 .It Cm timeout Ar seconds
1209 Set the timeout of address cache entries to
1214 is zero, then address cache entries will not be expired.
1215 The default is 1200 seconds.
1217 Display the addresses that have been learned by the bridge.
1218 .It Cm static Ar interface-name Ar address
1219 Add a static entry into the address cache pointing to
1220 .Ar interface-name .
1221 Static entries are never aged out of the cache or re-placed, even if the
1222 address is seen on a different interface.
1223 .It Cm deladdr Ar address
1226 from the address cache.
1228 Delete all dynamically-learned addresses from the address cache.
1230 Delete all addresses, including static addresses, from the address cache.
1231 .It Cm discover Ar interface
1232 Mark an interface as a
1235 When the bridge has no address cache entry
1236 (either dynamic or static)
1237 for the destination address of a packet,
1238 the bridge will forward the packet to all
1239 member interfaces marked as
1241 This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
1242 .It Fl discover Ar interface
1245 attribute on a member interface.
1246 For packets without the
1248 attribute, the only packets forwarded on the interface are broadcast
1249 or multicast packets and packets for which the destination address
1250 is known to be on the interface's segment.
1251 .It Cm learn Ar interface
1252 Mark an interface as a
1255 When a packet arrives on such an interface, the source
1256 address of the packet is entered into the address cache as being a
1257 destination address on the interface's segment.
1258 This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
1259 .It Fl learn Ar interface
1262 attribute on a member interface.
1263 .It Cm span Ar interface
1264 Add the interface named by
1266 as a span port on the bridge.
1267 Span ports transmit a copy of every frame received by the bridge.
1268 This is most useful for snooping a bridged network passively on
1269 another host connected to one of the span ports of the bridge.
1270 .It Fl span Ar interface
1271 Delete the interface named by
1273 from the list of span ports of the bridge.
1274 .It Cm stp Ar interface
1275 Enable Spanning Tree protocol on
1279 driver has support for the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree protocol (STP).
1280 Spanning Tree is used to detect and remove loops in a network topology.
1281 .It Fl stp Ar interface
1282 Disable Spanning Tree protocol on
1284 This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
1285 .It Cm maxage Ar seconds
1286 Set the time that a Spanning Tree protocol configuration is valid.
1287 The default is 20 seconds.
1288 The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
1289 .It Cm fwddelay Ar seconds
1290 Set the time that must pass before an interface begins forwarding
1291 packets when Spanning Tree is enabled.
1292 The default is 15 seconds.
1293 The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
1294 .It Cm hellotime Ar seconds
1295 Set the time between broadcasting of Spanning Tree protocol
1296 configuration messages.
1297 The default is 2 seconds.
1298 The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
1299 .It Cm priority Ar value
1300 Set the bridge priority for Spanning Tree.
1301 The default is 32768.
1302 The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 65536.
1303 .It Cm ifpriority Ar interface Ar value
1304 Set the Spanning Tree priority of
1309 The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 255.
1310 .It Cm ifpathcost Ar interface Ar value
1311 Set the Spanning Tree path cost of
1316 The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 65535.
1319 The following parameters are specific to IP tunnel interfaces,
1321 .Bl -tag -width indent
1322 .It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
1323 Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
1329 are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
1332 Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
1333 interfaces previously configured with
1336 Another name for the
1341 The following parameters are specific to
1344 .Bl -tag -width indent
1345 .It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
1346 Set the VLAN tag value to
1348 This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
1349 VLAN header for packets sent from the
1356 must both be set at the same time.
1357 .It Cm vlandev Ar iface
1358 Associate the physical interface
1363 Packets transmitted through the
1366 diverted to the specified physical interface
1368 with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation.
1369 Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
1370 by the parent interface with the correct VLAN tag will be diverted to
1376 interface is assigned a
1377 copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
1382 must both be set at the same time.
1385 interface already has
1386 a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
1388 change the association to another physical interface, the existing
1389 association must be cleared first.
1391 Note: if the hardware tagging capability
1392 is set on the parent interface, the
1395 interface's behavior changes:
1398 interface recognizes that the
1399 parent interface supports insertion and extraction of VLAN tags on its
1400 own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
1401 the parent unaltered.
1402 .It Fl vlandev Op Ar iface
1405 pseudo device, disassociate the parent interface from it.
1406 This breaks the link between the
1408 interface and its parent,
1409 clears its VLAN tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
1412 argument is useless and hence deprecated.
1415 The following parameters are specific to
1418 .Bl -tag -width indent
1419 .It Cm advbase Ar seconds
1420 Specifies the base of the advertisement interval in seconds.
1421 The acceptable values are 1 to 255.
1422 The default value is 1.
1423 .\" The default value is
1424 .\" .Dv CARP_DFLTINTV .
1425 .It Cm advskew Ar interval
1426 Specifies the skew to add to the base advertisement interval to
1427 make one host advertise slower than another host.
1428 It is specified in 1/256 of seconds.
1429 The acceptable values are 1 to 254.
1430 The default value is 0.
1431 .It Cm pass Ar phrase
1432 Set the authentication key to
1435 Set the virtual host ID.
1436 This is a required setting.
1437 Acceptable values are 1 to 255.
1442 utility displays the current configuration for a network interface
1443 when no optional parameters are supplied.
1444 If a protocol family is specified,
1446 will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
1450 flag is passed before an interface name,
1452 will display the capability list and all
1453 of the supported media for the specified interface.
1456 flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
1457 as time offset string.
1461 flag may be used instead of an interface name.
1464 to display information about all interfaces in the system.
1467 flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and
1469 limits this to interfaces that are up.
1470 When no arguments are given,
1476 flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
1477 no other additional information.
1478 Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
1479 with all other flags and commands, except for
1481 (only list interfaces that are down)
1484 (only list interfaces that are up).
1488 flag may be used to get more verbose status for an interface.
1492 flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
1493 the system, with no additional information.
1494 Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
1498 flag causes keying information for the interface, if available, to be
1500 For example, the values of 802.11 WEP keys will be printed, if accessible to
1502 This information is not printed by default, as it may be considered
1505 Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
1507 Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
1508 requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
1509 tried to alter an interface's configuration.
1527 Basic IPv6 node operation requires a link-local address on each
1528 interface configured for IPv6.
1529 Normally, such an address is automatically configured by the
1530 kernel on each interface added to the system; this behaviour may
1531 be disabled by setting the sysctl MIB variable
1532 .Va net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal
1535 If you delete such an address using
1537 the kernel may act very odd.
1538 Do this at your own risk.
projects / dragonfly.git / blob