3 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
9 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
10 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
11 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
13 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
14 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
15 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
16 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
17 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
19 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
20 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
23 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
24 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
27 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
29 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
30 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
31 # Corrections are welcome!
34 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
36 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
41 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
42 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
44 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
45 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
48 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
50 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
53 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
54 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
55 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
56 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
58 ###############################################################################
60 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
61 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
62 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
63 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
64 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
65 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
66 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
67 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
68 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
69 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
79 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
84 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
85 # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
86 # then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
87 # Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
88 # <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
89 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
90 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
91 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
92 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
93 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
94 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
95 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
96 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
97 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
102 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
103 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 S
104 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 1:00 0 -
105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
106 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
107 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
108 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
109 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
110 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
111 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
112 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
117 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
124 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
125 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
127 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
128 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
129 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
132 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
133 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
135 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
137 # British Indian Ocean Territory
138 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
139 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
140 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
141 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
142 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
143 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
144 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
145 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
157 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
158 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
159 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
160 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
164 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
165 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
173 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
175 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
176 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
177 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
178 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
179 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
180 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
182 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
183 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
184 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
186 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
187 # 1987 mid-April - ??
189 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
190 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
191 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
193 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
194 # Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
195 # observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
196 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
197 # Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
200 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
201 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
202 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
203 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
204 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
205 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
206 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
208 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
210 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
211 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
212 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
213 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949):
214 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
215 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
216 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
221 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
222 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
225 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
226 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
227 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
229 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
230 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
231 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
234 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
235 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
239 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
240 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
241 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
242 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
243 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
244 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
245 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
246 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
247 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
248 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
249 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
250 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
251 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
252 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
253 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
254 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
255 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
256 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
257 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
261 ###############################################################################
265 # Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
266 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
267 # have any other information.
269 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
270 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
271 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
272 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
273 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
274 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
275 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
276 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
277 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
278 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
279 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
280 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
281 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
282 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
285 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
286 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
287 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
288 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
289 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
290 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
291 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
292 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
293 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
294 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
295 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
296 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
297 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
298 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
299 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
300 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
301 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
302 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
303 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
307 ###############################################################################
310 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
311 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
312 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
313 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
314 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
315 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
316 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
317 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
318 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
319 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
320 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
321 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
322 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
324 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
326 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
327 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
328 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
331 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
332 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
333 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
334 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
335 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
337 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
338 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
339 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
340 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
342 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
344 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
345 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
346 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
347 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
348 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
349 # of integration into Europe.
351 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
352 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
353 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
354 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
355 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
356 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
357 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
358 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
359 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
360 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
361 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
362 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT
366 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
367 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
368 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
369 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
370 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
371 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
372 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
373 # conflicts with their way of life.
375 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
376 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
377 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
379 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
380 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
382 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
383 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
384 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
385 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
387 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
388 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
389 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
391 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
392 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
396 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397 Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
398 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
399 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
401 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
403 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
405 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
410 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks:
411 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
412 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
413 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
414 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
416 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
417 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
418 # Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
419 # but this must be a typo.
420 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
421 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
422 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
428 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
429 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
430 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
435 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
437 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
438 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
439 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
442 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
449 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
450 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
451 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
453 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
454 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
456 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
458 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
459 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
460 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
461 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
462 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
463 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
465 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
466 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
467 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
470 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
472 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
473 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
474 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
475 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
476 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
477 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
479 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
480 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
481 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
482 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
483 # plan to change that law....
485 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-05):
486 # Go with Shanks before September 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
487 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
488 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
489 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
490 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
492 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
493 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
494 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
495 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
496 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
497 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
498 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
499 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
500 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
501 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
502 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
503 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
504 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
506 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
507 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
508 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
509 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
510 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
511 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
512 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
513 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
514 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
515 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
516 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
517 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
518 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
519 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
520 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
521 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
522 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
523 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
524 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
525 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
526 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
527 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
528 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
529 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
530 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
531 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
532 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
533 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
534 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
535 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
536 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
537 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
538 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
539 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
540 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
541 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
542 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
543 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
544 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
545 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
546 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
547 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
548 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
549 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
550 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
551 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
552 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
553 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
554 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
555 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
556 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
557 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
558 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
566 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
567 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
568 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
569 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
570 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
572 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
573 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
574 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
575 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
576 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
578 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
580 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
581 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
582 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
583 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
584 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
585 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
586 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
587 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
588 # Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
589 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
590 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
591 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
592 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
593 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
598 ###############################################################################
602 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
604 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
605 # different abbreviations in use:
607 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
608 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
609 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
611 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
612 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
613 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
614 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
615 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
616 # settings in Israeli computers.
618 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
619 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
620 # family is from India).
623 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
624 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
625 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
626 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
627 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
628 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
629 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
630 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
631 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
632 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
633 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
634 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
635 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
636 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
637 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
638 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
639 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
640 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
641 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
642 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
643 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
644 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
645 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
646 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
647 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
648 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
649 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
650 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
651 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
652 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
653 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
654 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
655 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
656 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
657 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
658 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
659 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
660 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
661 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
662 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
663 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
665 # From Ephraim Silverberg
666 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
669 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
670 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
671 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
672 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
673 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
674 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
675 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
676 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
677 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
678 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
679 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
680 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
681 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
682 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
683 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
684 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
685 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
686 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
687 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
688 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
689 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
690 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
692 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
693 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
694 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
695 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
696 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
697 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
698 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
699 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
700 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
701 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
702 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
704 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
705 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
706 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
708 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
709 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
710 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
711 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
712 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
714 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
715 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
716 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
718 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
720 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
722 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
724 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
726 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
728 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
729 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
730 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
731 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
732 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
733 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
734 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
735 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
736 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
738 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
739 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
740 # years 2001-2004 as well.
742 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
744 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
746 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
747 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
749 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
751 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
752 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
753 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
754 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
755 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
756 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
757 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
758 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
759 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
760 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
761 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
763 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
764 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
765 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
766 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
767 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
769 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
771 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
773 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
774 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
775 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
776 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
777 # to generate the transitions in this list.
778 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
779 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
781 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
783 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
784 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
785 # springtime transitions explicitly.
787 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
788 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
789 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
790 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
791 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
792 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
793 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
794 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
795 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
796 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
797 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
798 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
799 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
800 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
801 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
802 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
803 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
804 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
805 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
806 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
807 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
808 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
809 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
810 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
811 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
812 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
813 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
814 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
815 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
816 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
817 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
818 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
819 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
820 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
821 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
822 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
823 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
824 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
825 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
826 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
827 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
828 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
829 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
830 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
832 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
833 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
834 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
839 ###############################################################################
843 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
845 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
846 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
847 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
848 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
850 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
851 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
852 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
853 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
854 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
855 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
856 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
857 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
858 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
859 # wanted to keep it.)
861 # Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
862 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
863 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
864 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
865 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
866 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
867 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
868 # Shanks's audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
869 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
870 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
872 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
873 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
874 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
875 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
876 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
877 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
878 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
880 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
881 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
882 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
883 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
884 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
885 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
886 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
887 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
890 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
891 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
893 # Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki)
894 # use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
896 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
897 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
901 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
905 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
906 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
907 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
908 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
911 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
912 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
913 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
914 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
915 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
916 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
918 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
919 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
920 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
921 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
922 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
923 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
924 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
925 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
926 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
927 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
928 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
929 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
930 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
931 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
932 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
933 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
934 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
935 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
936 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
937 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
938 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
939 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
940 Rule Jordan 1999 max - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
941 Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
942 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
943 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
949 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
950 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
951 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
952 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
953 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
954 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
956 # From Paul Eggert (2001-10-18):
957 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
958 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
959 # Go with Shanks, who has them always using RussiaAsia rules.
960 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks:
962 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
963 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
964 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
966 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
967 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
969 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
970 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
971 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
973 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
974 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
975 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
976 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
977 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
978 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
979 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
980 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
981 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
984 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
986 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
987 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
988 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
989 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
991 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
993 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
994 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
995 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
996 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
997 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
998 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
999 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1000 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1001 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1002 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1004 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1005 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1006 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1007 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1008 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1009 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1010 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1011 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1012 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1015 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1016 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1017 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1018 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1020 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1021 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1022 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1023 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1024 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1025 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1028 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1029 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1030 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1031 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1032 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1033 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1034 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1035 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1036 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1039 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1040 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
1042 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1043 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1044 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1045 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1046 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1048 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1049 Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1050 Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1051 Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1052 Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1053 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1054 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1055 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1056 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1057 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1058 5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time
1060 ###############################################################################
1062 # Korea (North and South)
1065 # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
1066 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
1067 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
1070 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1071 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1072 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1073 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D
1074 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S
1076 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1077 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1081 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1082 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1085 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1089 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1090 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1093 ###############################################################################
1096 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1097 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1101 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1102 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1103 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1109 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1110 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1111 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1112 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1113 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1114 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1115 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1116 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1117 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1118 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1119 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1120 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1121 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1122 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1123 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1124 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1125 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1126 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1127 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1128 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1129 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1130 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1131 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1132 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1133 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1135 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1139 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1140 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1141 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1143 # peninsular Malaysia
1144 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1145 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1146 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1147 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1148 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1149 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1150 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1151 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1152 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1153 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1154 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1155 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1157 # From Paul Eggert (2003-11-01):
1158 # The data here are mostly from Shanks, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1159 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1161 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1162 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1163 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1164 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1165 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1169 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1170 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1171 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1172 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1176 # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
1177 # Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
1178 # both say that it has just one.
1180 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1181 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1182 # General Information Mongolia
1184 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1185 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1186 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1189 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1190 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1191 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1192 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1193 # of implementation may have been different....
1194 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1195 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1196 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1198 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1199 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1200 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1201 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1202 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1203 # is good enough for our purposes.
1205 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1206 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1207 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1208 # there are three time zones.
1210 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1211 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1212 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1213 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1215 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1217 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1218 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1219 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1220 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1222 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1223 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1224 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1226 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1227 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1228 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1229 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1230 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1231 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1232 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1233 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1235 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1236 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1237 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1238 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1239 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1240 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1241 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1242 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1244 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1245 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1246 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1247 # IATA SSIM says 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, but Shanks (1995) lists
1248 # them at 02:00s, and McDow says the 2001 switches also occurred at 02:00.
1249 # Also, IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks through 1998.
1250 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1251 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1252 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1253 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1254 Rule Mongol 2001 max - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1255 Rule Mongol 2002 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1258 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1259 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1260 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1262 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1263 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1264 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1266 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1267 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1268 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1270 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1271 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time
1274 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1275 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1277 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1281 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1286 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1287 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1288 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1289 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1290 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1291 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1293 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1294 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1295 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1296 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1297 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1298 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1299 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1300 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1301 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1302 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1303 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1305 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1306 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1307 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1309 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1310 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1311 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1313 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1314 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1315 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1316 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1318 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1319 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1322 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1323 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1324 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1325 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1326 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1328 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1329 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1330 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1331 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1335 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1337 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1338 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1339 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1341 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1342 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1343 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1346 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1347 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1348 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1349 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1350 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1353 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1354 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1355 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1356 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1357 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1359 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1360 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1361 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1362 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1363 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1366 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1368 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1369 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1370 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1371 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1372 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1374 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1377 # From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
1378 # Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go
1379 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1380 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1381 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1382 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1383 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1384 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1385 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1386 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1387 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1389 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1390 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1392 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1393 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1394 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1395 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1397 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1398 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1399 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1401 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1402 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1403 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1404 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1405 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1407 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1408 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1409 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1410 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1411 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1412 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1413 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1414 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1416 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1417 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1419 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1420 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1421 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1422 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1424 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1425 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1431 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1432 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1433 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1434 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1435 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
1436 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1437 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1438 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1439 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1440 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1441 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1442 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1443 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1444 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1445 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1446 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1452 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1457 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1458 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1462 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1463 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1464 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1465 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1466 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1467 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1468 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1469 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1470 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1471 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1472 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1473 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1480 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1481 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1482 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1483 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1484 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1485 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1487 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1489 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1490 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1492 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1493 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1495 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1496 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1497 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1498 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1499 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1500 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1501 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1502 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1506 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1507 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1508 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1509 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1510 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1511 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1512 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1513 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1514 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1515 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1516 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1517 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1518 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1519 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1520 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1521 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1522 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1523 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1524 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1525 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1526 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1527 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1528 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1529 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1530 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1531 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1532 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1533 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1534 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1535 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1536 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1537 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1538 # ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
1539 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1540 Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1541 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1542 Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1544 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1549 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1550 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1551 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1552 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1553 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1554 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1557 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1558 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1559 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1564 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1565 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1566 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1567 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1568 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1569 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1572 # United Arab Emirates
1573 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1574 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1578 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1579 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1580 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1581 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1582 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1583 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
1584 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1585 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1586 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1588 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1589 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1590 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1591 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1592 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1593 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1597 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
1598 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
1599 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
1601 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1602 Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1603 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1609 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1610 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
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