.TH GROFFER @MAN1EXT@ "@MDATE@" "Groff Version @VERSION@"
.SH NAME
groffer \- display groff files and man\~pages on X and tty
.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.\" The .SH was moved to this place in order to appease `apropos'.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" Legalize
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.ig
groffer.1 - man page for groffer (section 1).

Source file position:  <groff_source_top>/contrib/groffer/groffer.man
Installed position:    $prefix/share/man/man1/groffer.1

Version     : groffer 0.9.1
Last update : 30 Sep 2002

This file is part of groff, the GNU roff type-setting system.

Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Written by Bernd Warken <bwarken@mayn.de>

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being this .ig-section and AUTHORS, with no
Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.

A copy of the Free Documentation License is included as a file called
FDL in the main directory of the groff source package.
..
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" Setup
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.mso www.tmac
.
.if n \{\
.  mso tty-char.tmac
.  ftr CR R
.  ftr CI I
.  ftr CB B
.\}
.
.if '\*[.T]'dvi' \{\
.  ftr CB CW
.\}
.
.ds @- "\-\""
.ds @-- "\-\^\-\""
.
.ds @b- "\f[CB]-\f[]\""
.ds @b-- "\f[CB]--\f[]\""
.
.ds @i- "\f[CI]-\f[]\""
.ds @i-- "\f[CI]--\f[]\""
.
.ds Ellipsis .\|.\|.\"
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" setup for the macro definitions below
.\"
.\" naming:  namespace:cathegory_macro.variable_name  (experimental)
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" configuration of prompt for `.Shell_cmd'* macros
.ds groffer:Shell_cmd.prompt_text sh#\"    prompt for shell commands
.ds groffer:Shell_cmd+.prompt_text >\"     prompt on continuation lines
.ds groffer:Shell_cmd_base.prompt_font I\" font for prompts
.
.\" automatically determine setup from the configuration above
.als @f groffer:Shell_cmd_base.prompt_font\"
.als @t groffer:Shell_cmd.prompt_text\"
.als @t+ groffer:Shell_cmd+.prompt_text\"
.ds groffer:Shell_cmd.prompt \f[\*[@f]]\*[@t]\f[]\"            needed
.ds groffer:Shell_cmd+.prompt \f[\*[@f]]\*[@t+]\f[]\"          needed
.nr @w \w'\*[groffer:Shell_cmd.prompt]'\"
.nr @w+ \w'\*[groffer:Shell_cmd+.prompt]'\"
.ft \*[@f]
.\" Full prompt width is maximum of texts plus 1m
.nr groffer:Shell_cmd_base.prompt_width (\n[@w]>?\n[@w+]+1m)\" needed
.ft
.rm @f
.rm @f+
.rm @t
.rm @t+
.rr @w
.rr @w+
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" static register for inter-macro communication in `.Synopsis'*
.nr groffer:Synopsis.level 0
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" static registers for inter-macro communication in `.TP'*
.nr groffer:TP.level 0
.rr groffer:TP_header.flag
.rr groffer:TP_body.flag
.rr groffer:TP.indent
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" Macro definitions
.
.\" Ignore all arguments like a comment, even after a .eo call.
.de c
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .CB  (<text>...)
.c
.c Print in constant-width bold font.
.c
.de CB
.  ft CB
.  Text \\$*
.  ft
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .CI  (<text>...)
.c
.c Print in constant-width italic font.
.c
.de CI
.  ft CI
.  Text \\$*
.  ft
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .CR  (<text>...)
.c
.c Print in constant-width roman font.
.c
.de CR
.  ft CR
.  Text \\$*
.  ft
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Error  (<text>...)
.c
.c Print error message to terminal and abort.
.c
.de Error
.  tm \\$*
.  ab
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Env_var  (<env_var_name> [<punct>])
.c
.c Display an environment variable, with optional punctuation.
.c
.de Env_var
.  nh
.  SM
.  Text \f[CB]\\$1\f[]\\$2
.  hy
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_-  ([<punct>])
.c
.c Print `-' (minus sign); optional punctuation. 
.c
.de Opt_-
.  ie (\\n[.$] == 0) \
.    Opt_alt - ""
.  el \
.    Opt_alt - "" "\\$1"
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_[-]  ([<punct>])
.c
.c Print `Opt_[-]' (minus sign in brackets); optional punctuation. 
.c
.de Opt_[-]
.  ie (\\n[.$] == 0) \
.    Opt_[alt] - ""
.  el \
.    Opt_[alt] - "" "\\$1"
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_--  ([<punct>])
.c
.c Print `--' (double minus); optional punctuation. 
.c
.de Opt_--
.  ie (\\n[.$] == 0) \
.    Opt_alt -- ""
.  el \
.    Opt_alt -- "" "\\$1"
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_[--]  ([<punct>])
.c
.c Print `Opt_[--]' (double minus in brackets); optional punctuation. 
.c
.de Opt_[--]
.  ie (\\n[.$] == 0) \
.    Opt_[alt] -- ""
.  el \
.    Opt_[alt] -- "" "\\$1"
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_alt  ([<minus> <opt>]... [<arg> [<punct>]])
.c
.c Alternate options separated by a vertical bar.
.c
.c Arguments:
.c   minus: either `-' or `--' (font CB).
.c   opt: a name for an option, empty allowed (font CB).
.c   arg: optionally, the argument to the option (font I).
.c   punct: optional punctuation (in the starting font).
.c Result:
.c   The minus/opt argument pairs, each
.c   separated by a vertical bar `|', optionally add 'arg', separated
.c   a space character ` '.
.c
.c Example:
.c  .Opt_alt - T -- device -- device-troff device .
.c  results in
.c  -T|--device|--device-troff device.
.c
.de Opt_alt
.  Opt_alt_base "" | "" \\$@
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_[alt]  ([<minus> <opt>]... [<arg> [<punct>]])
.c
.c Alternate options in brackets for section SYNOPSIS.
.c
.c Arguments:
.c   minus: either `-' or `--' (font CB).
.c   opt: a name for an option, empty allowed (font CB).
.c   arg: optionally, the argument to the option (font I).
.c   punct: optional punctuation (in the starting font).
.c Global strings written to:
.c   `@oa_prefix': left enclosing character (`[')
.c   `@oa_sep': separator (`|')
.c   `@oa_postfix': right enclosing character (`]')
.c Result:
.c   The minus/opt argument pairs, each separated by a vertical
.c   bar `|', optionally add 'arg', separated by a space character ` '.
.c
.c Example:
.c  .Opt_[alt] - T -- device -- device-troff device .
.c  results in
.c  [-T|--device|--device-troff device].
.c
.de Opt_[alt]
.  Opt_alt_base [ | ] \\$@
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_alt_base  (<pre> <sep> <post> [<minus> <opt>]... [arg [punct]])
.c
.c Alternating options; base macro for many others; do not use directly.
.c
.c Arguments:
.c   <pre>: prefix, resulted is preceded by this.
.c   <sep>: separator between minux/opt pairs.
.c   <post>: postfix, is appended to the result.
.c   <minus>: either `-' or `--' (font CB).
.c   <opt>: a name for an option, empty allowed (font CB).
.c   <arg>: optionally, the argument to the option (font I).
.c   <punct>: optional punctuation (in the starting font).
.c Result:
.c   String `<pre>' followed by the <minus>/<opt> argument pairs, each
.c   separated by string `<sep>', optionally add '<arg>', separated by
.c   a single space ` ', followed by the string `<post>'.
.c
.de Opt_alt_base
.  nr @font \\n[.f]\"
.  if (\\n[.$] < 3) \
.    Error .\\0: not enough arguments.
.  ds @pre \)\\$1\)\"                   prefix
.  ds @sep \)\\$2\)\"                   separator
.  ds @post \)\\$3\)\"                  postfix
.  shift 3
.  nr @count 0
.  ds @res \f[CR]\\*[@pre]\"
.  while (\\n[.$] >= 2) \{\
.    c                                  do the pairs, break on no `-'
.    if !'\\$1'-' \{\
.      if !'\\$1'--' \
.        break
.    \}
.    c                                  separator
.    if (\\n[@count] > 0) \
.      as @res \f[CR]\\*[@sep]\"
.    nr @count +1
.    as @res \f[CB]\\$1\\$2\:\"           combine minus with option name
.    shift 2
.  \}
.  if (\\n[.$] >= 3) \
.    Error .\\0: wrong arguments: \\$@
.  c                                     all pairs are done
.  ie (\\n[.$] == 0) \
.    as @res \f[CR]\\*[@post]\"
.  el \{\
.    c                                   optional option argument
.    if !'\\$1'' \
.      as @res \f[CR] \,\f[I]\\$1\"
.    shift
.    as @res \\f[CR]\\*[@post]\"         postfix
.    if (\\n[.$] >= 1) \{\
.      c                                 add punctuation
.      as @res \f[\\n[@font]]\\$1\"
.    \}
.  \}
.  nh
.  Text \\*[@res]
.  hy
.  ft \\n[@font]
.  rr @count
.  rr @font
.  rm @pre
.  rm @post
.  rm @sep
.  rm @res
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_def  ([<minus> <opt>]... [<arg> [<punct>]])
.c
.c Definitions of options in section OPTIONS.
.c
.c Arguments:
.c   minus: either `-' or `--' (font CB).
.c   opt: a name for an option, empty allowed (font CB).
.c   arg: optionally, the argument to the option (font I).
.c   punct: optional punctuation (in the starting font).
.c Result:
.c   The header for an indented paragraph, consisting of
.c   minus/opt argument pairs, each, separated by a space
.c   character ` ', optionally add 'arg', separated a space
.c   character ` '.
.c
.c Example:
.c  .Opt_def - T -- device -- device-troff device .
.c  results in
.c  -T --device --device-troff device.
.c  as the header of for indented paragraph.
.c
.de Opt_def
.  TP
.    Opt_alt_base "" "\~|\~" "" \\$@
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_element  ([<minus> <opt>]... [<arg> [<punct>]])
.c
.c Definitions of options in section OPTIONS.
.c
.c Arguments:
.c   minus: either `-' or `--' (font CB).
.c   opt: a name for an option, empty allowed (font CB).
.c   arg: optionally, the argument to the option (font I).
.c   punct: optional punctuation (in the starting font).
.c Result:
.c   The minus/opt argument pairs, each, separated by a space
.c   character ` ', optionally add 'arg', separated a space
.c   character ` '.
.c
.c Example:
.c  .Opt_element - T -- device -- device-troff device .
.c  results in
.c  -T --device --device-troff device.
.c
.de Opt_element
.  Opt_alt_base "" "\~" "" \\$@
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.als Opt_list Opt_element
.
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_long  ([<name> [<punct>]])
.c
.c Print `--name' somewhere in the text; optional punctuation.
.c
.de Opt_long
.  Opt_alt -- "\\$1" "" "\\$2"
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_[long]  ([<name> [<punct>]])
.c
.c Print `--name' somewhere in the text; optional punctuation.
.c
.de Opt_[long]
.  Opt_[alt] -- "\\$1" "" "\\$2"
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_short  ([<name> [<punct>]])
.c
.c Print `-name' somewhere in the Text; optional punctuation.
.c
.de Opt_short
.  Opt_alt - "\\$1" "" "\\$2"
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Opt_[short]  ([name [punct]])
.c
.c Print `[-name]' somewhere in the Text; optional punctuation.
.c
.de Opt_[short]
.  Opt_[alt] - "\\$1" "" "\\$2"
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Shell_cmd  (<CR> [<CI>] ...)
.c
.c A shell command line; display args alternating in fonts CR and CI.
.c
.c Examples:
.c   .Shell_cmd "groffer --dpi 100 file"
.c     result: `sh#  groffer --dpi 100 file'
.c             with 'sh#' in font I, the rest in CR
.c
.c   .Shell_cmd groffer\~--dpi\~100\~file
.c     result: the same as above
.c
.c   .Shell_cmd "groffer --dpi=" value " file"
.c     result: sh#  groffer --dpi=value file
.c             with `groffer --dpi=' and `file' in CR; `value' in CI
.c
.c   .Shell_cmd groffer\~--dpi= value \~file
.c     result: the same as the previous example
.c
.de Shell_cmd
.  groffer:Shell_cmd_base "\*[groffer:Shell_cmd.prompt]" \\$@
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Shell_cmd+  (<CR> [<CI>] ...)
.c
.c A continuation line for .Shell_cmd.
.c
.de Shell_cmd+
.  groffer:Shell_cmd_base "\*[groffer:Shell_cmd+.prompt]" \\$@
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Shell_cmd_base  (<prompt> [<CR> [<CI>] ...])
.c
.c A shell command line; display args alternating in fonts CR and CI.
.c Internal, do not use directly.
.c
.c Globals: read-only register @.Shell_cmd_width
.c
.de groffer:Shell_cmd_base
.  if (\\n[.$] <= 0) \
.    return
.  nr @+font \\n[.f]\"
.  ds @prompt \\$1\"
.  ft CR
.  c gap between prompt and command
.  nr @+gap \\n[groffer:Shell_cmd_base.prompt_width]-\\w'\\*[@prompt]'\"
.  ds @res \\*[@prompt]\h'\\n[@+gap]u'\"
.  shift
.  ds @cf CR\"
.  while (\\n[.$] > 0) \{\
.    as @res \\f[\\*[@cf]]\\$1\"
.    shift
.    ie '\\*[@cf]'CR' \
.      ds @cf I\"
.    el \
.      ds @cf CR\"
.  \}
.  br
.  ad l
.  nh
.  nf
.  Text \\*[@res]\"
.  fi
.  hy
.  ad
.  br
.  ft \\n[@+font]
.  rr @+font
.  rr @+gap
.  rm @cf
.  rm @res
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Synopsis  ()
.c
.c Begin a synopsis section, to be ended by a ./Synopsis macro.
.c
.de Synopsis
.  if (\\n[groffer:Synopsis.level] > 0) \
.    Error .\\$0: previous .Synopsis was not closed by ./Synopsis.
.  nh
.  ds @1 \\$1\"
.  nr @old_indent \\n(.i
.  ad l
.  in +\w'\fB\\*[@1]\0'u
.  ti \\n[@old_indent]u
.  B \\*[@1]\0\c
.  rr @old_indent
.  rm @1
.  nr groffer:Synopsis.level +1\"        marker for ./Synopsis
..
.c  --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c ./Synopsis  ()
.c
.c Close a synopsis section opened by the previous .Synopsis macro.
.c
.de /Synopsis
.  if (\\n[groffer:Synopsis.level] <= 0) \
.    Error .\\$0: no previous call of .Synopsis
.  br
.  ad
.  in
.  hy
.  nr groffer:Synopsis.level -1
..
.c  --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Text  (<text>...)
.c
.c Treat the arguments as text, no matter how they look.
.c
.de Text
.  if (\\n[.$] == 0) \
.    return
.  nop \)\\$*\)
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .Topic  ([<indent>])
.c
.c A bulleted paragraph
.c
.de Topic
.  ie (\\n[.$] = 0) \
.    ds @indent 2m\"
.  el \
.    ds @indent \\$1\"
.  TP \\*[@indent]
.  Text \[bu]
.  rm @indent
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .TP+  ()
.c
.c Continuation line for .TP header.
.c
.de TP+
.  br
.  ns
.  TP \\$1
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .TP_header  ([<indent>])
.c
.c Start a multi-line header for a .TP-like paragraph
.c
.de TP_header
.  if (\\n[groffer:TP.level] < 0) \
.    Error .\\$0: wrong level.
.  nr groffer:TP.level +1
.  P
.  ie (\\n[.$] == 0) \
.    rr groffer:TP.indent
.  el \
.    nr groffer:TP.indent \\$1
.  nr groffer:TP_header.flag 1
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c .TP_body  ([<indent>])
.c
.c End a previous .TP-header and beging the body of the paragraph.
.c
.de TP_body
.  if !rgroffer:TP_header.flag \
.    Error .\\$0: no previous call of .TP_header
.  if (\\n[groffer:TP.level] <= 0) \
.    Error .\\$0: wrong level.
.  br
.  ie (\\n[.$] == 0) \{\
.    ie rgroffer:TP.indent \{\
.      RS \\n[groffer:TP.indent]u
.    \}
.    el \
.      RS
.  \}
.  el \
.    RS \\$1u
.  rr groffer:TP.indent
.  rr groffer:TP_header.flag
.  nr groffer:TP_body.flag 1
..
.c --------------------------------------------------------------------
.c TP_end  ()
.c
.c End of former .TP_body paragraph.
.c
.de TP_end
.  if !rgroffer:TP_body.flag \
.    Error .\\$0: no previous .TP_body.
.  if (\\n[groffer:TP.level] <= 0) \
.    Error TP_end: wrong level.
.  nr groffer:TP.level -1
.  rr grogger:TP.indent
.  rr groffer:TP_header.flag
.  rr groffer:TP_body.flag
.  br
.  RE
..
.
.\" End of macro definitions
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" SH "SYNOPSIS"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.ad l
.Synopsis groffer
.RI [ viewing_options ]
.RI [ man_options ]
.RI [ groff_options ]
.Opt_[--]
.RI [ "filespec" "\*[Ellipsis]]"
./Synopsis
.
.Synopsis groffer
.Opt_alt - h -- help
./Synopsis
.
.Synopsis groffer
.Opt_alt - v -- version
./Synopsis
.
.
.TP
.I viewing_options
These options determine and configure the display mode.
.
They were synchronized with the options of both
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
and GNU
.BR man (1).
As groff uses almost any letter in its option set, only long option
names are available for most features.
.
If none of these options is used groffer tries to find a suitable
display mode automatically.
.
.
.RS
.
.P
.Opt_[alt] - Q -- source
.Opt_[alt] - T -- device device
.Opt_[alt] -- auto-modes mode1,mode2,\*[Ellipsis]
.Opt_[alt] -- debug
.Opt_[alt] -- default
.Opt_[alt] -- dvi
.Opt_[alt] -- dvi-viewer prog
.Opt_[alt] -- groff
.Opt_[alt] -- location
.Opt_[alt] -- mode display_mode
.Opt_[alt] -- pager program
.Opt_[alt] -- pdf
.Opt_[alt] -- pdf-viewer prog
.Opt_[alt] -- ps
.Opt_[alt] -- ps-viewer prog
.Opt_[alt] -- shell
.Opt_[alt] -- tty
.Opt_[alt] -- www
.Opt_[alt] -- www-viewer prog
.Opt_[alt] -- x
.Opt_[alt] -- x-viewer prog
.
.
.P
The following long options were adapted from the corresponding X
Toolkit options with a single leading minus; see
.BR X (1).
.
.
.P
.Opt_[alt] -- bd
.Opt_[alt] -- bg -- background
.Opt_[alt] -- bw
.Opt_[alt] -- display
.Opt_[alt] -- fg -- foreground
.Opt_[alt] -- ft -- font
.Opt_[alt] -- geometry size_pos
.Opt_[alt] -- resolution value
.Opt_[alt] -- rv
.Opt_[alt] -- title string
.Opt_[alt] -- xrm X_resource
.
.RE
.
.
.TP
.I groff_options
Any combination of (short) options from the
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
program is accepted; the options that are not explicitly handled by
groffer are transparently passed to groff.
.
Due to the automatism in groffer, none of these groff options should
be necessary, except for advanced usage.
.
.
.RS
.
.P
Because of the special outputting behavior of the groff options
.Opt_short V,
.Opt_short X,
and
.Opt_short Z,
groffer was designed to be switched into
.I groff
mode by each of these options; in this mode, the groffer viewing
features are disabled.
.
.P
The other groff options do not switch the mode, but allow to customize
the formatting process.
.
Useful groff formatting options include
.Opt_short m
(to add macro files that cannot be recognized by grog), and
.Opt_short T
(to specify an alternative device for the modes
.I tty
and
.IR x ).
.
.RE
.
.
.TP
.I man_options
These options regulate whether and how man pages are searched.
.
They are compatible with the long options of the
.I GNU man
program.
.
.
.RS
.
.P
.Opt_[alt] -- all
.Opt_[alt] -- ascii
.Opt_[alt] -- apropos
.Opt_[alt] -- ditroff
.Opt_[alt] -- extension suffix
.Opt_[alt] -- locale language
.Opt_[alt] -- local-file
.Opt_[alt] -- man
.Opt_[alt] -- manpath dir1:dir2:\*[Ellipsis]
.Opt_[alt] -- no-location
.Opt_[alt] -- no-man
.Opt_[alt] -- sections sec1:sec2:\*[Ellipsis]
.Opt_[alt] -- systems sys1,sys2,\*[Ellipsis]
.Opt_[alt] -- troff-device device
.Opt_[alt] -- whatis
.
.
.P
The GNU
.I man
long options that are not mentioned are recognized, but they are just
ignored because of alternative implementations.
.
The full set of long and short options of the GNU man program can be
passed via the environment variable
.Env_var $MANOPT ;
see
.BR man (1)
if your system has GNU man installed.
.
.RE
.
.
.TP
.I filespec
is a sequence of file names or templates for searching
man\~pages, see
.BR man (1).
A
.I filespec
can have one of the following forms.
.
.
.RS
.
.TP 10m
.I filename
the path name of an existing file.
.
.
.TP
.Opt_short
stands for standard input (can occur several times).
.
.
.TP
.BI man: name ( section )
search the man\~page
.I name
in section\~\c
.IR section .
.
.
.TP
.BI man: name . section
search the man\~page
.I name
in section\~\c
.IR section .
.
.
.TP
.BI man: name
search the man\~page
.I name
in the lowest available section.
.
.
.TP
.IB name ( section )
search the man\~page
.I name
in section\~\c
.IR section .
.
.
.TP
.IB name . section
search the man\~page
.I name
in section\~\c
.IR section .
.
.
.TP
.I standard_section
if this is `1', \*[Ellipsis], `9', `o', or `n' try to retrieve the
next argument as a man\~page in this section.
.
.
.TP
.I name
search for the man\~page
.I name
in the lowest available section.
.
.
.P
No
.I filespec
parameters means standard input.
.
.RE
.
.
.P
For details on the options, see section
.BR OPTIONS .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH DESCRIPTION
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The
.I groffer
program is part of
.BR groff (@MAN7EXT@).
It can be used to display arbitrary documents written in the
.BR roff (@MAN7EXT@)
formatting language in several different ways, in an X window viewer
program or in a text terminal.
.
The viewer programs can be chosen as the groff native viewer
.BR gxditview (@MAN1EXT@),
a Postcript or dvi display program, or a web browser.
.
.
.P
A search facility for manual pages (
.IR man\~pages )
is provided.
.
Almost the whole functionality of the
.I GNU man
program was provided or suitably adapted.
.
This makes the groffer program a valuable tool on systems with a poor
.I man
system.
.
.
.P
The program always concatenates all input specified by the non-option
parameters of the calling command line or standard input.
.
Compressed standard input or files are decompressed on-the-fly.
.
.
.P
Normally, the input is run through the
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
text processor before being displayed.
.
By using the option
.Opt_short Q ,
the roff source code is displayed without formatting.
.
.
.P
The formatting process can be regulated by all options that are
available groff.
.
By using the
.Opt_short T
option, groffer can be switched to behave exactly like groff without
using its viewer facilities, but additionally with the search and
decompression features.
.
.
.P
All necessary options can be determined automatically.
.
For example, the groffer program internally uses the
.BR grog (@MAN1EXT@)
program to determine from the unformatted document which preprocessors
should be run and which macro files should be included.
.
But all parts of the program can be controlled manually by suitable
options.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH OPTIONS
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The groffer program provides its own parser for command line options
that is compatible to both POSIX
.BR getopts (1)
and GNU
.BR getopt (1).
The command line behaves as usually.
.
For completeness, the details are provided here.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Option Parsing"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The following types of options are supported, equally on all systems
that are able to run the groffer program:
.
.
.Topic
single character options are always preceded by a single minus
character, for example,
.Opt_short c .
.
.
.Topic
the argument for a single character option is the next command line
argument, for example,
.Opt_alt - o\~ arg ,
or can be appended to the option character within the same argument
.Opt_alt - o arg .
.
.
.Topic
clusters of such single character options without an argument,
eventually terminated by a single character option with an argument;
for example,
.Opt_alt - abo arg
is equivalent to
.Opt_short a\~\c
.Opt_short b\~\c
.Opt_short o\~\c
.I arg .
.
.
.Topic
Long options, that means option with names longer than one character
are always prededed by a double minus; an option argument can either
go to the next command line argument or be appended with an equal sign
to the argument; for example,
.Opt_alt -- long= arg
is equivalent to
.Opt_alt -- long\~ arg .
.
.
.Topic
An argument of
.Opt_--
ends option parsing; all further command line arguments are
interpreted as filespec arguments.
.
.
.Topic
By default, all command line arguments that are neither options nor
option arguments are interpreted as filespec parameters and stored
until option parsing has finished.
.
For example, the command line
.Shell_cmd "groffer file1 -a -o arg file 2"
is, by default, equivalent to
.Shell_cmd "groffer -a -o arg -- file1 file 2"
.
.
.Topic
This behavior can be changed by setting the environment variable
.Env_var $POSIXLY_CORRECT
to a non-empty value; in this case, option processing is stopped as
soon as the first non-option argument is found.
.
For example, in posixly correct mode, the command line
.Shell_cmd "groffer file1 -a -o arg file 2"
is equivalent to
.Shell_cmd "groffer -- file1 -a -o arg file 2"
As this leads to unwanted behavior in most cases, most people do not
want to set
.Env_var $POSIXLY_CORRECT .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Compatibility with Options from other Programs"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
All short options of
.I groffer
are compatible with the short options of
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@).
.
Some of the
.I groff
options were given a special meaning within
.IR groffer .
.
All other
.I groff
options are supported by
.IR groffer ,
but they are just transparently transferred to
.I groff
without any intervention.
.
Therefore these transparent options are not documented here, but in
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@).
.
.
.P
All long options of
.I groffer
are compatible with the long options of
.BR man (1).
.
Most of the
.I man
long options were implemented as native options into
.IR groffer .
.
These options are documented in the following; the other
.I man
options are recognized, but ignored.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Native groffer Options"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.Opt_def - h
Print usage message to standard error and exit.
.
.
.Opt_def - Q
Output the roff source code of the input files unprocessed.
.
This is the equivalent
.Opt_long mode\~source .
.
.
.Opt_def - T devname
Switch to
.Opt_long mode\~device ,
.
thus disabling the
.I groffer
viewing.
.
Instead, the input is formatted and postprocessed using plain
.I groff
with
.I devname
as the output device.
.
The allowed device names are listed in
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@).
.
Note that this forces all device names that begin with the letter
.I X
to be displayed with
.BR gxditview (@MAN1EXT@);
all other device names generate output for the specified device; this
is printed onto standard output without a pager.
.
.
.Opt_def - v
Print version information onto standard error.
.
.
.Opt_def - V
Switch into
.I groff
mode and format the input with groff option
.Opt_short V ;
this produces the groff calling pipe without formatting the input.
.
This an advanced option from
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@) ,
only useful for debugging.
.
.
.Opt_def - X
Switch into
.I groff
mode and format the input with groff option
.Opt_short X ;
actually, this formats the input and displays it with
.BR gxditview (@MAN1EXT@) .
.
This differs from groffer's mode
.I x
because groffer's viewer options are not used, but the viewer is
configured like in groff with the groff option
.Opt_short P .
This option is inhereted from
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@) .
.
.
.Opt_def - Z
Switch into
.I groff
mode and format the input with groff option
.Opt_short Z ;
this produces the groff intermediate output without postprocessing; see
.BR groff_out (@MAN1EXT@) .
This an advanced option from
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@) ,
useful for debugging.
.
.
.Opt_def -- all
In searching man pages, retrieve all suitable ones instead of only one.
.
.
.Opt_def -- apropos
Instead of displaying, start the `apropos' command for searching
within man page descriptions; only kept for compatibility with `man'.
.
.
.Opt_def -- auto-modes mode1,mode2,\*[Ellipsis]
Set the sequence of modes for default mode to the comma separated list
given in the argument.
.
.
.Opt_def -- background color
This is equivalent to
.Opt_long bg .
.
.
.Opt_def -- bd pixels
Specifies the color of the border surrounding the viewer
window.
.
This is an adaption of the X Toolkit option
.Opt_short bd .
.
The argument is an X color name, see
.BR (1)
for details.
.
.
.Opt_def -- bg color
Set the background color of the viewer window.
.
This is an adaption of the X Toolkit option
.Opt_short bg .
.
The argument is an X color name, see
.BR (1)
for details.
.
.
.Opt_def -- bw pixels
Specifies the width in pixels of the border surrounding the viewer
window (not available for all viewers).
.
This is an adaption of the X Toolkit option
.Opt_short bw .
.
.
.Opt_def -- debug
Print debugging information.
.
Actually, a function call stack is printed if an error occurs.
.
.
.Opt_def -- default
Reset all configuration from previously processed command line options
to the default values.
.
This is useful to wipe out all effects of former options and restart
option processing using only the rest of the command line.
.
.
.Opt_def -- device
Eqivalent to
.Opt_short T .
.
.
.Opt_def -- display X-display
Set the X display on which the viewer program shall be started, see
.BR X (1)
for the syntax of the argument.
.
.
.Opt_def -- ditroff
Eqivalent to
.Opt_short Z .
This is kept for compatibiliy with GNU
.BR man (1).
.
.
.Opt_def -- dvi
Choose dvi mode; the formatted input is displayed with the  
by default, the formatted input is displayed with the
.BR xdvi (1)
program.
.
.
.Opt_def -- dvi-viewer prog
Set the viewer program for dvi mode.
.
This can be a file name or a program to be searched in
.Env_var $PATH .
.
Known dvi viewers inlude
.BR xdvi (1)
and
.BR dvilx (1)
.
In each case, arguments can be provided additionally.
.
.
.Opt_def -- extension suffix
Restrict man\~page search to file names that have
.I suffix
appended to their section element.
.
For example, in the file name
.I /usr/share/man/man3/terminfo.3ncurses.gz
the man\~page extension is
.IR ncurses .
.
Originates from GNU
.IR man .
.
.
.Opt_def -- foreground color
This is equivalent to
.Opt_short fg .
.
.
.Opt_def -- fg color
Set the foreground color of the viewer window.
.
This is an adaption of the X Toolkit option
.Opt_short bg .
.
The argument is an X color name, see
.BR (1)
for details.
.
.
.Opt_def -- font font_name
This is equivalent to
.Opt_short ft .
.
.
.Opt_def -- ft font_name
Set the font used by the viewer window.
.
This is an adaption of the X Toolkit option
.Opt_short ft .
.
The argument is an X font name, see
.BR (1)
for details.
.
.
.Opt_def -- geometry size_pos
Set the geometry of the display window, that means its size and its
starting position.
.
See
.BR X (1)
for details on the syntax of the argument.
.
If the actual display mode is not X then this option is ignored.
.
.
.Opt_def -- groff
Set
.I groff
mode.
.
Switch groffer to process the input like
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@).
.
This disables the groffer viewing features, all groffer viewing
options are ignored.
.
.
.Opt_def -- help
Eqivalent to
.Opt_short h .
.
.
.Opt_def -- location
Print the location of the retrieved files to standard error.
.
.
.Opt_def -- locale language
.
Set the language for man pages.
.
This option originates from GNU
.BR man (1).
.
.
.Opt_def -- man
Check the non-option command line arguments (filespecs) first on being
man\~pages, then whether they represent an existing file.
.
By default, a filespec is first tested if it is an existing file.
.
.
.Opt_def -- manpath "'dir1:dir2:\*[Ellipsis]'"
Use the specified search path for retrieving man\~pages instead of the
program defaults.
.
If the argument is set to the empty string "" the search for man\~page
is disabled.
.
.
.Opt_def -- mode value
.
Set the display mode.
.
The following mode values are recognized:
.
.
.RS
.
.
.TP
.B auto
Display in the default manner; this actually means to try the modes
.IR ps ,
.IR x ,
and
.I tty
in this sequence.
.
Useful for restoring default mode when a different mode was specified
with
.Env_var $GROFFER_OPT .
.
.
.TP
.B dvi
Display formatted input in a dvi viewer program; equivalent to
.Opt_long dvi .
.
.
.TP
.B pdf
Display formatted input in a PDF (Portable Document Format) viewer
program; equivalent to
.Opt_long pdf .
.
.
.TP
.B ps
Display formatted input in a Postscript viewer program; equivalent to
.Opt_long ps .
.
.
.TP
.B tty
Display formatted input in a text terminal; equivalent to
.Opt_long tty .
.
.
.TP
.B www
Display formatted input in a internet browser program; equivalent to
.Opt_long www .
.
.
.TP
.B x
Display formatted input in a native roff viewer such as
.BR gxditview (@MAN1EXT@); equivalent to
.Opt_long x .
.
.
.P
The following modes do not use the
.I groffer
viewing features.
.
They are only interesting for advanced applications.
.
.
.TP
.B groff
Generate device output with plain
.I groff
without using the special viewing features of
.IR groffer .
If no device was specified by option
.Opt_short T
the
.I groff
default
.B ps
is assumed.
.
.
.TP
.B source
Display source code; same as
.Opt_short Q .
.
.
.RE
.
.
.Opt_def -- no-location
Do not display the location of retireved files; this resets a former
call to
.Opt_long location .
.
.
.Opt_def -- no-man
Do not check for man\~pages.
.
.
.Opt_def -- pager
Set the pager program in tty mode; default is
.IR less .
.
.
.Opt_def -- pdf
Choose pdf mode (Portable Document Format).
.
By default, the input is formatted by groff using the Postscript
device, then it is transformed into the PDF file format using
.BR gs (1)
(this is quite slow), and finally displayed either with the
.BR xpdf (1)
or the
.BR acroread (1)
program; this can be configured with option
.Opt_long viewer-pdf .
.
PDF has a big advantage because the text is displayed graphically and
is searchable nevertheless; but as thtransformation into pdf takes a
considerable amount of time, the pdf mode is not suitable as a default
device for the auto mode.
.
The only device that is compatible to this mode is
.IR ps ,
which is also the default when no device is specified.
.
.
.Opt_def -- pdf-viewer prog
Set the viewer program for
.I pdf
mode.
.
This can be a file name or a program to be searched in
.Env_var $PATH .
.
In each case, arguments can be provided additionally.
.
.
.Opt_def -- ps
Choose ps mode (Postscript).
.
By default, the formatted input is displayed with the
.BR ghostview (@MAN1EXT@)
program; this can be configured with option
.Opt_long viewer-ps .
.
The only device that is compatible to this mode is
.IR ps ,
which is also the default when no device is specified.
.
.
.Opt_def -- ps-viewer prog
Set the viewer program for
.I ps
mode.
.
This can be a file name or a program to be searched in
.Env_var $PATH .
.
Common Postscript viewers inlude
.BR gv (1),
.BR ghostview (1),
and
.BR gs (1),
.
In each case, arguments can be provided additionally.
.
.
.Opt_def -- resolution value
Set X resolution in dpi (dots per inch) in some viewer programs.
.
The only supported dpi values are
.B 75
and
.BR 100 .
This is an adaption of the X Toolkit option
.Opt_short resolution .
.
.
.Opt_def -- rv
Reverse foreground and background color of the viewer window.
.
This is an adaption of the X Toolkit option
.Opt_short rv .
This feature is not available in all viewer programs.
.
.
.Opt_def -- sections
Restrict searching for man pages to the given
.IR sections ,
a colon-separated list.
.
.
.Opt_def -- shell "shell_program"
Specify the shell under which the groffer script should be run.
.
The script first tests whether this option is set (either within
.Env_var $GROFF_OPT
or as a command line option); if so, the script is rerun under the
shell program specified with the option argument.
.
.
.Opt_def -- source
Equivalent to
.Opt_short Q .
.
.
.Opt_def -- systems
Search for man pages for the given operating systems; the argument
.I systems
is a comma-separated list.
.
.
.Opt_def -- title "'some text'"
Set the title for the viewer window.
.
This feature is not available in all viewer programs.
.
.
.Opt_def -- to-postproc opt_or_arg
Eqivalent to
.Opt_short P .
.
.
.Opt_def -- troff-device
Eqivalent to
.Opt_short T .
This option is only kept for compatibility with GNU
.BR man (1).
.
.
.Opt_def -- tty
Choose tty display mode, that means displaying in a text pager even
when in X; eqivalent to
.Opt_long mode\~tty .
.
.
.Opt_def -- version
Eqivalent to
.Opt_short v .
.
.
.Opt_def -- whatis
Instead of displaying the content, get the one-liner description from
the retrieved man page files \[em] or say that it is not a man page.
.
.
.Opt_def -- where
Eqivalent to
.Opt_long location .
.
.
.Opt_def -- www
Choose www mode (html), display in a web browser program, which can be
specified with option
.Opt_long www-viewer .
By default, the existence of a sequence of standard web browsers is
tested, starting with
.BR mozilla (1)
and
.BR netscape (1)
.
.
.Opt_def -- www-viewer prog
Set the web browser program for viewing in
.I www
mode.
.
Each program that accepts html input and allows the
.BI file://localhost/ dir / file
syntax on the command line is suitable; it can be the path name of an
executable file or a program in
.Env_var $PATH .
.
In each case, arguments can be provided additionally.
.
.
.Opt_def -- x
Choose
.I x
mode (view in X roff viewer).
.
By default, the formatted input is displayed with the
.BR gxditview (@MAN1EXT@)
program, being distributed together with groff, or with
.BR xditview (1),
which is distributed as a standard X tool.
.
This can be configured with option
.Opt_long x-viewer .
.
The only devices (option
.Opt_short T )
that are compatible with this mode are
.IR X75 ,
.IR X100 ,
.IR X75-12 ,
.IR X100-12 ,
and
.I ps
(the default device).
.
.
.Opt_def -- x-viewer prog
Set the viewer program for
.I x
mode.
.
Suitable viewer programs are
.BR gxditview (@MAN1EXT@)
and
.BR xditview (1).
.
But the argument can be any executable file or a program in
.Env_var $PATH .
.
In each case, arguments can be provided additionally.
.
.
.TP
.Opt_--
Signals the end of option processing; all remaining arguments are
interpreted as
.I filespec
parameters.
.
.
.P
Besides these, groffer accepts all arguments that are valid for the
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
program.
.
All non-groffer options are sent unmodified via grog to groff.
.
Postprocessors, macro packages, compatibility with classical troff,
and much more can be manually specified.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "OUTPUT MODES"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
By default, the groffer program formats the input and then
automatically chooses a suitable display mode, but the user can also
choose between the following modes:
.
.Topic
graphically display the formatted input with an X window program,
including
.
.RS
.Topic
with X window roff viewers such as
.BR gxditview (@MAN1EXT@)
.RI ( x
mode),
.
.Topic
in a dvi viewer program
.RI ( dvi
mode),
.
.Topic
in a Postscript viewer
.RI ( ps
mode),
.
.Topic
in a PDF viewer
.RI ( pdf
mode),
.
.Topic
in a web browser
.RI ( www
mode),
.RE
.
.Topic
display formatted input in a pager on the text terminal
.RI ( tty
mode),
.
.Topic
run groffer like groff, but with decompression and man\~page searching
.RI ( groff
mode); this includes things like generating the groff intermediate
output.
.
.Topic
stream the unformatted source code of the input onto standard output
.RI ( source
mode),
.
.
.P
By
.IR default ,
.I groffer
first tries whether
.B x
mode is possible, then
.B ps
mode, and finally
.B tty
mode.
.
This mode testing sequence for
.B default
mode can be changed by specifying a comma separated list of modes
with the option
.Opt_long default-modes.
.
.
.P
The searching for man\~pages and the decompression of the input are
active in every mode.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Graphical Display Modes"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The graphical display modes work only in the X window environment (or
similar implementations within other windowing environments).
.
The environment variable
.Env_var $DISPLAY
or the option
.Opt_long display
are used for specifying the X display to be used; if neither is
specified, groffer assumes that no X is running.
.
.
.P
A certain graphical display mode can be selected by one of the options
.Opt_long dvi ,
.Opt_long pdf ,
.Opt_long ps ,
.Opt_short X ,
and
.Opt_long www .
.
By default, some graphical modes are tried first.  If none succeeds
groffer switches to
.B tty
mode.
.
.
.P
The graphical modes can be customized by options that were named
according to the resource options in the
.BR X (1)
Toolkit but using a leading double minus instead of the single minus
used by X.
.
These include
.Opt_long background ,
.Opt_long foreground ,
.Opt_long geometry ,
.Opt_long resolution ,
.Opt_long title ,
.Opt_long xrm ,
etc.
.
.
.P
The
.I pdf
mode has a major advantage \[em] it is the only graphical diplay mode
that allows to search for text within the viewer; this can be a really
important feature.
.
Unfortunately, it takes a long time to transform the input into the
PDF format, so it was not chosen as the major mode.
.
You can change this by the options
.Opt_long pdf
and
.Opt_long auto-modes .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Displaying on a tty"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
If the variable
.Env_var $DISPLAY
is not set or empty, groffer assumes that it should produce output on
a text terminal.
.
This mode can also be forced by option
.Opt_long tty .
.
.
.P
In the actual implementation, the groff output device
.I latin1
is chosen and the processed output is piped into a pager program.
.
This can be changed by specifying option
.Opt_long tty-device .
.
.
.P
The pager to be used can be specified by option
.Opt_long pager
by the environment variable
.Env_var $PAGER .
If this is not set or empty the
.BR less (1)
program is used as the default pager.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Non-displaying Modes"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
There are some special modes that do not display the formatted output
in a viewer program.
.
These modes are regarded as advanced, they are useful for debugging
purposes.
.
.
.TP
.I source mode
Instead of displaying the formatted output, it is also possible to
have the roff source code streamed onto the standard output.
.
This mode must be requested by one of the options
.Opt_short Q
or
.Opt_long source .
.
.
.TP
.I groff mode
This mode disables the groffer viewing facilities.
.
The input is handled as usual with decompression and man\~page
searching, but then it is passed to groff using only the options
provided by groff.
.
This enables the user to save the generated output into a file or pipe
it into another program.
.
In this mode, the input is formatted, but not postprocessed; see
.BR groff_out (@MAN5EXT@)
for details.
.
This mode is activated automatically by the three groff options
.Opt_short V
(print roff pipe, no formatting),
.Opt_short X
(display with gxditview in groff's native way, using
.Opt_short P
for customization), and
.Opt_short Z
(disable post-processing, thus producing the groff intermediate output).
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "FILE PARAMETERS"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The non-option command line parameters determine which files should be
displayed.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Filespecs"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The default behavior of groffer is to first test whether the file
parameter is represents a local file; if not, it is assumed to
represent a filespec for searching one or more man\~page.
.
This behavior can be modified by options.
.
.
.TP
.Opt_long man
forces to interpret all file parameters as filespecs for searching
man\~pages.
.
.TP
.Opt_long no-man
.TP+
.Opt_long local-file
disable the man searching; so only local files are displayed.
.
.
.P
The following parameter formats are recognized to represent a wanted
man\~page.
.
.
.TP
.BI man: name ( section )
the quasi-URL notation used in many Desktop systems to 
represent the man\~page
.I name
in
.IR section .
.
.
.TP
.BI man: name
search the man\~page
.I name
in the lowest section.
The corresponding command with the man program would be
.Shell_cmd man\~ name
.
.
.TP
.IB name . section
the man\~page
.I name
in
.IR section .
The corresponding command with the man program would be
.Shell_cmd man\~ section\~name
.
.
.TP
.I name
if
.I name
is not an existing file search for the man\~page
.I name
in the lowest section just like
.Shell_cmd man\~ name
.
.
.TP
.I section name
Even this curious construct known from the various
.I man
programs is handled.
.
For example,
.Shell_cmd "groffer 7 groff"
was modelled according to
.Shell_cmd "man 7 groff"
retrieves the man\~page named
.I groff
in section 7.
.
Only a few standard section names are accepted, being actually the
number sections
.I 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
and
.IR 9,
and the lower case letters
.I `o'
and
.IR `n' .
.
.
.P
If neither a local file nor a man\~page was retrieved for some file
parameter a warning is issued on standard error, but processing is
continued.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Man\~Page Searching"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The groffer program provides a search facility for system manual pages
(man\~pages).
.
All long options, all environment variables, and most of the
functionality of the GNU
.BR man (1)
program were implemented.
.
.
.P
Preformatted man\~pages (cat\~pages) are intentionally excluded from
the search because groffer is a roff program that wants to format by
its own, not spit out stuff that was digested previously by someone
else.
.
With the excellent performance of the actual computers, the
preformatted man\~pages aren't necessary any longer.
.
Due to their inflexible nature, they tend to provoke some trouble with
changing line lengths and different environments in networks.
.
.
.P
The algorithm for retrieving man\~pages uses five search methods.
.
They are successively tried until a method works.
.
.
.Topic
The search path can be manually specified by using the option
.Opt_long manpath .
An empty argument disables the man\~page searching.
.
This overwrites the other methods.
.
.
.Topic
If this is not available the environment variable
.Env_var $MANPATH
is searched.
.
.
.Topic
If this is empty, the program tries to read it from the environment
variable
.Env_var $MANOPT .
.
.Topic
If this does not work, the
.BR manpath (1)
program for determining a path of man directories is tried.
.
.
.Topic
If this does not work a reasonable default path is searched for
man\~pages.
.
.
.P
After this, the path elements for the language (locale) and operating
system specific man\~pages are added to the man\~path; their sequence
is determined automatically.
.
For example, both
.I /usr/share/man/linux/fr
and
.I /usr/share/man/fr/linux
for french linux man\~pages are found.
.
The language and operating system names are determined from both
environment variables and command line options.
.
.
.P
The locale (language) is determined like in GNU man, that is from
highest to lowest precedence:
.Topic
.Opt_long locale
.
.Topic
.Env_var $GROFFER_OPT
.
.Topic
.Env_var $MANOPT
.
.Topic
.Env_var $LCALL
.
.Topic
.Env_var $LC_MESSAGES
.
.Topic
.Env_var $LANG .
.
.
.P
The language locale is usually specified in the POSIX 1003.1 based
format:
.P
\f[I]<language>\f[][\f[CB]_\f[]\f[I]<territory>\f[][\f[CB].\f[]\
\f[I]<character-set>\f[][\f[CB],\f[]\f[I]<version>\f[]]]],
.P
but the two-letter code in
.I <language>
is sufficient for most purposes.
.
.
.P
If no man\~pages for a complicated locale are found the country part
consisting of the first two characters (without the `\f[CB]_\f[]',
`\f[CB].\f[]', and `\f[CB],\f[]', parts) of the locale is searched as
well.
.
.
.P
If still not found the corresponding man\~page in the default language
is used instead.
.
As usual, this default can be specified by one of \f[CR]C\f[] or
\f[CR]POSIX\f[].
.
The man\~pages in the default language are usually in English.
.
.
.P
Several operating systems can be given by appending their names,
separated by a comma.
.
This is then specified by the environment variable
.Env_var $SYSTEM
or by the command line option
.Opt_long systems .
The precedence is similar to the locale case above from highest to
lowest precedence:
.
Topic
.Opt_long systems
.
.Topic
.Env_var $GROFFER_OPT
.
.Topic
.Env_var $MANOPT
.
.Topic
.Env_var $SYSTEM .
.
.
.P
When searching for man\~pages this man\~path with the additional
language and system specific directories is used.
.
.
.P
The search can further be restricted by limiting it to certain
sections.
.
A single section can be specified within a filespec, several sections
as a colon-separated list in command line option
.Opt_long sections
or environment variable
.Env_var $MANSECT .
.
When no section was specified a set of standard sections is searched
until a suitable man\~page was found.
.
.
.P
Finally, the search can be restricted to a so-called
.IR extension .
This is a postfix that acts like a subsection.
.
It can be specified by
.Opt_long extension
or environment variable
.Env_var $EXTENSION .
.
.
.P
For further details on man\~page searching, see
.BR man (1).
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Decompression
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The program has a decompression facility.
.
If standard input or a file that was retrieved from the command line
parameters is compressed with a format that is supported by either
.BR gzip (1)
or
.BR bzip2 (1)
it is decompressed on-the-fly.
.
This includes the GNU
.BR .gz ,
.BR .bz2 ,
and the traditional
.B .Z
compression.
.
The program displays the concatenation of all decompressed input in
the sequence that was specified on the command line.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The groffer programs supports many system variables, most of them by
courtesy of other programs.
.
All environment variables of
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
and GNU
.BR man (1)
and some standard system variables are honored.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Native groffer Variables"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.Env_var $GROFFER_OPT
Store options for a run of groffer.
.
The options specified in this variable are overridden by the options
given on the command line.
.
The content of this variable is run through the shell builitin `eval';
so arguments containing white-space or special shell characters should
be quoted.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "System Variables"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The groffer program is a shell script that is run through
.BR /bin/sh ,
which can be internally linked to programs like
.BR bash (1).
The corresponding system environment is automatically effective.
.
The following variables have a special meaning for groffer.
.
.
.TP
.Env_var $DISPLAY
If this variable is set this indicates that the X window system is
running.
.
Testing this variable decides on whether graphical or text output is
generated.
.
This variable should not be changed by the user carelessly, but it can
be used to start the graphical groffer on a remote X terminal.
.
For example, depending on your system, groffer can be started on the
second monitor by the command
.Shell_cmd DISPLAY=:0.1\~groffer\~ what.ever &
.
.
.TP
.Env_var $LC_ALL
.TP+
.Env_var $LC_MESSAGES
.TP+
.Env_var $LANG
If one of these variables is set (in the above sequence), its content
is interpreted as the locale, the language to be used, especially when
retrieving man\~pages.
.
A locale name is typically of the form
.IR language [\c
.B _\c
.IR territory [\c
.B .\c
.IR codeset [\c
.B @\c
.IR modifier ]]],
where
.I language
is an ISO 639 language code,
.I territory
is an ISO 3166 country code, and
.I codeset
is a character set or encoding identifier like ISO-8859-1 or UTF-8;
see
.BR setlocale (3).
.
The locale values\~\c
.B C
and
.B POSIX
stand for the default, i.e. the man\~page directories without a
language prefix.
.
This is the same behavior as when all 3\~variables are unset.
.
.
.TP
.Env_var $PAGER
This variable can be used to set the pager for the tty output.
.
For example, to disable the use of a pager completely set this
variable to the
.BR cat (1)
program
.Shell_cmd PAGER=cat\~groffer\~ anything
.
.
.TP
.Env_var $PATH
All programs within the groffer shell script are called without a
fixed path.
.
Thus this environment variable determines the set of programs used
within the run of groffer.
.
.
.TP
.Env_var $POSIXLY_CORRECT
If set to a non-empty value this chooses the POSIX mode for option
processing, that means that option processing will be finished as soon
as a non-option argument is found.
.
Usually, you do not want to set this environment variable.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Groff Variables"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The groffer program internally calls groff, so all environment
variables documented in
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
are internally used within groffer as well; see there for details.
.
The following variables have a direct meaning for the groffer program.
.
.TP
.Env_var $GROFF_TMPDIR
If the value of this variable is an existing, writable directory,
groffer uses it for storing its temporary files, just as groff does.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS "Man Variables"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
Parts of the functionality of the man program were implemented in
groffer; support for all environment variables documented in
.BR man (1)
was added to groffer, but the meaning was slightly modified due to the
different approach in groffer; but the user interface is the same.
.
The man environment variables can be overwritten by options provided
with
.Env_var $MANOPT ,
which in turn is overwritten by the command line.
.
.
.TP
.Env_var $EXTENSION
Restrict the search for man\~pages to files having this extension.
.
This is overridden by option
.Opt_long extension ;
see there for details.
.
.
.TP
.Env_var $MANOPT
This variable contains options as a preset for
.BR man (1).
As not all of these are relevant for groffer only the essential parts
of its value are extracted.
.
The options specified in this variable overwrite the values of the
other environment variables taht are specific to man.
.
All options specified in this variable are overridden by the options
given on the command line.
.
.
.TP
.Env_var $MANPATH
If set, this variable contains the directories in which the man\~page
trees are stored.
.
This is overridden by option
.Opt_long manpath .
.
.
.TP
.Env_var $MANSECT
If this is a colon separated list of section names, the search for
man\~pages is restricted to those manual sections in that order.
.
This is overridden by option
.Opt_long sections .
.
.
.TP
.Env_var $SYSTEM
If this is set to a comma separated list of names these are interpreted
as man\~page trees for different operating systems.
.
This variable can be overwritten by option
.Opt_long systems ;
see there for details.
.
.
.P
The environment variable
.Env_var $MANROFFSEQ
is ignored by groffer because the necessary preprocessors are
determined automatically.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "FILES"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The groffer program can be preconfigured by two configuration files.
.
Both of them are shell scripts that are called at the beginning of
groffer using the `\c
.CB .\~\c
.IR filename '
syntax.
.
.
.TP
.CB /etc/groff/groffer.conf
System-wide configuration file for groffer.
.
.
.TP
.CB $HOME/.groff/groffer.conf
User-specific configuration file for groffer, where
.Env_var $HOME
denotes the user's home directory.
.
This script is called after the system-wide configuration file to
enable overriding by the user.
.
.
.P
It makes sense to use these configuration files for the following
tasks:
.
.Topic
Preset environment variables recognized by groffer; preferably a
variable should only be set when it is unset in order not to override
a user-provided value.
.
.Topic
Preset command line options by prepending them to
.Env_var $GROFFER_OPT ;
prepending should be preferred to appending and setting in order not
to delete the environment variable provided by the 
.
.Topic
Write functions for calling viewer programs in a special way and feed
them into the
.Opt_long \f[I]*\f[]-viewer
options.
.
Note that the name of such a function must coincide with some existing
program in the system path
.Env_var $PATH
in order to be recognized by groffer.
.
.
.P
As an example, consider the following configuration file.
.
.P
.ft CR
.nh
.nf
#! /bin/sh
# ~/.groff/groffer.conf
if test "$DISPLAY" = ""; then
  DISPLAY='localhost:0.0';
fi;
GROFF_OPT="--resolution=100 $GROFF_OPT";
gxditview()
{
  /usr/local/bin/gxditview --fg DarkBlue "$@";
}
.fi
.hy
.ft
.
.
.P
This has the following effects:
.Topic
allows to start groffer in a graphical mode even from a text
terminal;
.Topic
all graphical modes use a resolution of 100 dpi where applicable;
.Topic
the
.BR gxditview (@MAN1EXT@)
program is told to use
.I DarkBlue
as the text color.
.
These configurations can be overridden by command line options and by
environment variable
.Env_var $GROFFER_OPT .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The usage of groffer is very easy.
.
Usually, it is just called with a file name or man\~page.
.
The following examples, however, show that groffer has much more fancy
capabilities.
.
.
.TP
.Shell_cmd "groffer\~/usr/local/share/doc/groff/meintro.ms.gz"
Decompress, format and display the compressed file
.I meintro.ms.gz
in the directory
.IR /usr/local/share/doc/groff ,
using a default graphical viewer when in X window, or the
.BR less (1)
pager program when not in X.
.
.
.TP
.Shell_cmd "groffer\~groff.7\~groff\~\[cq]troff(1)\[cq]\~man:roff"
.
The arguments that are not existing files are looked-up as the
following man\~pages:
.I groff
(in section\~7),
.I groff
(automatic search, should be found in section\~1),
.I troff
(in section\~1),
and
.I roff
(in the section with the lowest number, being\~7 in this case).
.
The quotes around
.I \[cq]troff(1)\[cq]
are necessary because the paranthesis are special shell characters;
escaping them with a backslash character
.I \[rs](
and
.I \[rs])
would be possible, too.
.
The formatted files are concatenated and displayed in one piece.
.
.
.TP
.Shell_cmd "LANG=de\~groffer\~--man\~--www\~--www-viever=netscape\~ls"
.
Retrieve the German man\~page for the
.B ls
program (or the English one if there is a German version), decompress
it, format it into the html format and view the result in the default
web browser
.I netscape .
The option
.Opt_long man
guarantees that the man\~page is retrieved, even when a local file
.I ls
exists in the actual directory.
.
.
.TP
.Shell_cmd "groffer\~-Q\~'man:roff(7)'"
.
Print the unformatted content of the man\~page called
.I roff
in section 7 on standard output.
.
.
.TP
.Shell_cmd "groffer\~-Z\~-mfoo"
.
Decompress the standard input, switch to
.I groff
mode, format the input with groff using the macro package foo, but do
not postprocess the result, thus producing the intermediate output.
.
.
.TP
.Shell_cmd "echo\~'\[rs]f[CB]WOW!'\~|"
.TP+
.Shell_cmd+ "groffer --x --bg red --fg yellow --geometry 200x100"
.
Display \f[CB]WOW!\f[] in a small window in constant-width bold font,
using color yellow on red background.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "COMPATIBILITY"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The
.B groffer
shell script is compatible to both POSIX and GNU.
.
POSIX compatibility refers to
.B IEEE P1003.2/D11.2
of September 1991, a very early version of this standard.
.
The script uses only a quite restricted set of shell language elements
and shell builtins, common to all POSIX versions; the only external
program used is `sed', again only the most basic POSIX features of
`sed' are used.
.
The groffer script should work on most actual free and commercial
operating systems.
.
.
.P
The groffer program provides its own parser for command line options;
it can handle option arguments and file names containing white space
and a large set of special characters.
.
.
.P
The groffer shell script was tested with the following common
implementations of the POSIX shell:
.BR ash (1),
.BR bash (1),
.BR ksh (1),
and POSIX
.BR sh (1),
and others.
.
Free POSIX compatible shells and shell utilities for most operating
systems are available at the
.URL http://\:www.gnu.org/software/ "GNU software archive" .
.
.
.P
The best performance was obtained with the
.I ash
shell; so groffer tries to run under
.I ash
whenever possible.
.
The procedure to determine the shell to run groffer was programmed to
be as follows:
.
.
.Topic
the argument of the command line option
.Opt_long shell ;
if not set
.
.Topic
the argument of the option
.Opt_long shell
in the environment variable
.Env_var $GROFF_OPT ;
if not set
.
.Topic
try
.IR ash ;
if not available
.
.Topic
continue with the shell under which the script was started in the
first place.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
.TP+
.BR troff (@MAN1EXT@)
Details on the options and environment variables available in groff;
all of them can be used with groffer.
.
.
.TP
.BR grog (@MAN1EXT@)
Internally, groffer tries to guess the groff command line options from
the input using this program.
.
.
.TP
.BR groff_out (@MAN5EXT@)
Documentation on the groff intermediate output (ditroff output).
.
.
.TP
.BR xdvi (1)
.TP+
.BR dvilx (1)
Viewers for groffer's
.I dvi
mode.
.
.
.TP
.BR gv (1)
.TP+
.BR ghostview (1)
Viewers for groffer's
.I ps
mode.
.
.
.TP+
.BR gs (1)
Transformer from
.I ps
to
.IR pdf ;
and a
.I ps
viewer.
.
.
.TP
.BR xpdf (1)
Viewers for
.I pdf
files.
.
.
.TP
.BR gxditview (@MAN1EXT@)
.TP+
.BR xditview (1x)
Viewers for groffer's
.I x
mode.
.
.
.TP
.BR gzip (1)
.TP+
.BR bzip2 (1)
The decompression programs supported by groffer.
.
.
.TP
.BR man (1)
The standard program to diplay man\~pages.
.
The information there is only useful if it is the man\~page for
.IR "GNU\~man" .
Then it documents the options and environment variables that are
supported by groffer.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "AUTHOR"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.
.P
This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free
Documentation License) version 1.1 or later.
.
You should have received a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also
available on-line at the
.URL http://\:www.gnu.org/\:copyleft/\:fdl.html "GNU copyleft site" .
.
.P
This document is part of
.IR groff ,
the GNU roff distribution.
.
It was written by
.MTO bwarken@mayn.de "Bernd Warken" .
.
.
\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" Emacs settings
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.\" Local Variables:
.\" mode: nroff
.\" End: