# @(#)africa 7.37 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # # Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. # # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, # but Mark R V Murray reports that # `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, # `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and # `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for # the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. # He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. # # To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. # # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time # I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of # until we get more information. # # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) # 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # Algeria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun<=7 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon<=7 2:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 1:00 - CET # Angola # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 1:00 - WAT # Benin # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 1:00 - WAT # Botswana # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 2:00 - CAT # Burkina Faso # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT # Burundi # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 2:00 - CAT # Cameroon # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Cape Verde # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 -1:00 - CVT # Central African Republic # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Chad # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 1:00 - WAT # Comoros # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 3:00 - EAT # Democratic Republic of Congo # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 1:00 - WAT Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 2:00 - CAT # Republic of the Congo # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Cote D'Ivoire # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT # Djibouti # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 3:00 - EAT ############################################################################### # Egypt # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1995 max - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Egypt EE%sT # Equatorial Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 1:00 - WAT # Eritrea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Asmera 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 3:00 - EAT # Ethiopia # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05): # Shanks writes that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones between # 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. # We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 3:00 - EAT # Gabon # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Gambia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time -1:00 - WAT 1964 0:00 - GMT # Ghana # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks. Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 0:00 Ghana %s # Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - WAT 1960 0:00 - GMT # Guinea-Bissau # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 -1:00 - WAT 1975 0:00 - GMT # Kenya # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - BEAT 1940 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960 3:00 - EAT # Lesotho # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 2:00 - SAST # Liberia # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17): # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. # Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks. # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman # each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 0:00 - GMT ############################################################################### # Libya # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 2:00 - EET 1982 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 # The following entries are all from Shanks; # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4 2:00 - EET # Madagascar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 3:00 - EAT # Malawi # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT # Mali # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 0:00 - GMT # no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT # Mauritania # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 0:00 - GMT # Mauritius # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 4:00 - MUT # Mauritius Time # Agalega Is, Rodriguez # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius # Mayotte # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 3:00 - EAT # Morocco # See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1:00 - CET 1986 0:00 - WET # Western Sahara Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 0:00 - WET # Mozambique # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT # Namibia # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks. # Shanks reports no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 1:00 Namibia WA%sT # Niger # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 0:00 - GMT 1960 1:00 - WAT # Nigeria # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1:00 - WAT # Reunion # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time # # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. # The following information about them is taken from # Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; # no longer available as of 1999-08-17). # We have no info about their time zone histories. # # Bassas da India - uninhabited # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 # Rwanda # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 2:00 - CAT # St Helena # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 0:00 - GMT # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): # on GMT, says the CIA # Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT # Sao Tome and Principe # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 0:00 - GMT # Senegal # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 0:00 - GMT # Seychelles # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. # Sierra Leone # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks. Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time -1:00 SL %s 1957 0:00 SL %s # Somalia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 3:00 - EAT 1931 2:30 - BEAT 1957 3:00 - EAT # South Africa # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 2:00 SA SAST # Marion and Prince Edward Is # scientific station since 1947 # no information # Sudan # # From # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) # , also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 3:00 - EAT # Swaziland # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - SAST # Tanzania # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 3:00 - EAT 1948 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961 3:00 - EAT # Togo # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 0:00 - GMT # Tunisia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. # Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT # Uganda # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - BEAT 1948 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957 3:00 - EAT # Zambia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT # Zimbabwe # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT