/* $Header: /src/pub/tcsh/tc.alloc.c,v 3.36 2002/03/08 17:36:47 christos Exp $ */ /* * tc.alloc.c (Caltech) 2/21/82 * Chris Kingsley, kingsley@cit-20. * * This is a very fast storage allocator. It allocates blocks of a small * number of different sizes, and keeps free lists of each size. Blocks that * don't exactly fit are passed up to the next larger size. In this * implementation, the available sizes are 2^n-4 (or 2^n-12) bytes long. * This is designed for use in a program that uses vast quantities of memory, * but bombs when it runs out. */ /*- * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991 The Regents of the University of California. * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ #include "sh.h" RCSID("$Id: tc.alloc.c,v 3.36 2002/03/08 17:36:47 christos Exp $") static char *memtop = NULL; /* PWP: top of current memory */ static char *membot = NULL; /* PWP: bottom of allocatable memory */ int dont_free = 0; #if defined(_VMS_POSIX) || defined(_AMIGA_MEMORY) # define NO_SBRK #endif #ifdef WINNT_NATIVE # define malloc fmalloc # define free ffree # define calloc fcalloc # define realloc frealloc #endif /* WINNT_NATIVE */ #ifndef SYSMALLOC #undef RCHECK #undef DEBUG #ifdef SX extern void* sbrk(); #endif /* * Lots of os routines are busted and try to free invalid pointers. * Although our free routine is smart enough and it will pick bad * pointers most of the time, in cases where we know we are going to get * a bad pointer, we'd rather leak. */ #ifndef NULL #define NULL 0 #endif typedef unsigned char U_char; /* we don't really have signed chars */ typedef unsigned int U_int; typedef unsigned short U_short; typedef unsigned long U_long; /* * The overhead on a block is at least 4 bytes. When free, this space * contains a pointer to the next free block, and the bottom two bits must * be zero. When in use, the first byte is set to MAGIC, and the second * byte is the size index. The remaining bytes are for alignment. * If range checking is enabled and the size of the block fits * in two bytes, then the top two bytes hold the size of the requested block * plus the range checking words, and the header word MINUS ONE. */ #define MEMALIGN(a) (((a) + ROUNDUP) & ~ROUNDUP) union overhead { union overhead *ov_next; /* when free */ struct { U_char ovu_magic; /* magic number */ U_char ovu_index; /* bucket # */ #ifdef RCHECK U_short ovu_size; /* actual block size */ U_int ovu_rmagic; /* range magic number */ #endif } ovu; #define ov_magic ovu.ovu_magic #define ov_index ovu.ovu_index #define ov_size ovu.ovu_size #define ov_rmagic ovu.ovu_rmagic }; #define MAGIC 0xfd /* magic # on accounting info */ #define RMAGIC 0x55555555 /* magic # on range info */ #ifdef RCHECK #define RSLOP sizeof (U_int) #else #define RSLOP 0 #endif #define ROUNDUP 7 /* * nextf[i] is the pointer to the next free block of size 2^(i+3). The * smallest allocatable block is 8 bytes. The overhead information * precedes the data area returned to the user. */ #define NBUCKETS ((sizeof(long) << 3) - 3) static union overhead *nextf[NBUCKETS] IZERO_STRUCT; /* * nmalloc[i] is the difference between the number of mallocs and frees * for a given block size. */ static U_int nmalloc[NBUCKETS] IZERO_STRUCT; #ifndef lint static int findbucket __P((union overhead *, int)); static void morecore __P((int)); #endif #ifdef DEBUG # define CHECK(a, str, p) \ if (a) { \ xprintf(str, p); \ xprintf(" (memtop = %lx membot = %lx)\n", memtop, membot); \ abort(); \ } #else # define CHECK(a, str, p) \ if (a) { \ xprintf(str, p); \ xprintf(" (memtop = %lx membot = %lx)\n", memtop, membot); \ return; \ } #endif memalign_t malloc(nbytes) register size_t nbytes; { #ifndef lint register union overhead *p; register int bucket = 0; register unsigned shiftr; /* * Convert amount of memory requested into closest block size stored in * hash buckets which satisfies request. Account for space used per block * for accounting. */ #ifdef SUNOS4 /* * SunOS localtime() overwrites the 9th byte on an 8 byte malloc().... * so we get one more... * From Michael Schroeder: This is not true. It depends on the * timezone string. In Europe it can overwrite the 13th byte on a * 12 byte malloc. * So we punt and we always allocate an extra byte. */ nbytes++; #endif nbytes = MEMALIGN(MEMALIGN(sizeof(union overhead)) + nbytes + RSLOP); shiftr = (nbytes - 1) >> 2; /* apart from this loop, this is O(1) */ while ((shiftr >>= 1) != 0) bucket++; /* * If nothing in hash bucket right now, request more memory from the * system. */ if (nextf[bucket] == NULL) morecore(bucket); if ((p = (union overhead *) nextf[bucket]) == NULL) { child++; #ifndef DEBUG stderror(ERR_NOMEM); #else showall(NULL, NULL); xprintf(CGETS(19, 1, "nbytes=%d: Out of memory\n"), nbytes); abort(); #endif /* fool lint */ return ((memalign_t) 0); } /* remove from linked list */ nextf[bucket] = nextf[bucket]->ov_next; p->ov_magic = MAGIC; p->ov_index = bucket; nmalloc[bucket]++; #ifdef RCHECK /* * Record allocated size of block and bound space with magic numbers. */ p->ov_size = (p->ov_index <= 13) ? nbytes - 1 : 0; p->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC; *((U_int *) (((caddr_t) p) + nbytes - RSLOP)) = RMAGIC; #endif return ((memalign_t) (((caddr_t) p) + MEMALIGN(sizeof(union overhead)))); #else if (nbytes) return ((memalign_t) 0); else return ((memalign_t) 0); #endif /* !lint */ } #ifndef lint /* * Allocate more memory to the indicated bucket. */ static void morecore(bucket) register int bucket; { register union overhead *op; register int rnu; /* 2^rnu bytes will be requested */ register int nblks; /* become nblks blocks of the desired size */ register int siz; if (nextf[bucket]) return; /* * Insure memory is allocated on a page boundary. Should make getpageize * call? */ op = (union overhead *) sbrk(0); memtop = (char *) op; if (membot == NULL) membot = memtop; if ((long) op & 0x3ff) { memtop = (char *) sbrk((int) (1024 - ((long) op & 0x3ff))); memtop += (long) (1024 - ((long) op & 0x3ff)); } /* take 2k unless the block is bigger than that */ rnu = (bucket <= 8) ? 11 : bucket + 3; nblks = 1 << (rnu - (bucket + 3)); /* how many blocks to get */ memtop = (char *) sbrk(1 << rnu); /* PWP */ op = (union overhead *) memtop; /* no more room! */ if ((long) op == -1) return; memtop += (long) (1 << rnu); /* * Round up to minimum allocation size boundary and deduct from block count * to reflect. */ if (((U_long) op) & ROUNDUP) { op = (union overhead *) (((U_long) op + (ROUNDUP + 1)) & ~ROUNDUP); nblks--; } /* * Add new memory allocated to that on free list for this hash bucket. */ nextf[bucket] = op; siz = 1 << (bucket + 3); while (--nblks > 0) { op->ov_next = (union overhead *) (((caddr_t) op) + siz); op = (union overhead *) (((caddr_t) op) + siz); } op->ov_next = NULL; } #endif void free(cp) ptr_t cp; { #ifndef lint register int size; register union overhead *op; /* * the don't free flag is there so that we avoid os bugs in routines * that free invalid pointers! */ if (cp == NULL || dont_free) return; CHECK(!memtop || !membot, CGETS(19, 2, "free(%lx) called before any allocations."), cp); CHECK(cp > (ptr_t) memtop, CGETS(19, 3, "free(%lx) above top of memory."), cp); CHECK(cp < (ptr_t) membot, CGETS(19, 4, "free(%lx) below bottom of memory."), cp); op = (union overhead *) (((caddr_t) cp) - MEMALIGN(sizeof(union overhead))); CHECK(op->ov_magic != MAGIC, CGETS(19, 5, "free(%lx) bad block."), cp); #ifdef RCHECK if (op->ov_index <= 13) CHECK(*(U_int *) ((caddr_t) op + op->ov_size + 1 - RSLOP) != RMAGIC, CGETS(19, 6, "free(%lx) bad range check."), cp); #endif CHECK(op->ov_index >= NBUCKETS, CGETS(19, 7, "free(%lx) bad block index."), cp); size = op->ov_index; op->ov_next = nextf[size]; nextf[size] = op; nmalloc[size]--; #else if (cp == NULL) return; #endif } memalign_t calloc(i, j) size_t i, j; { #ifndef lint register char *cp, *scp; i *= j; scp = cp = (char *) xmalloc((size_t) i); if (i != 0) do *cp++ = 0; while (--i); return ((memalign_t) scp); #else if (i && j) return ((memalign_t) 0); else return ((memalign_t) 0); #endif } /* * When a program attempts "storage compaction" as mentioned in the * old malloc man page, it realloc's an already freed block. Usually * this is the last block it freed; occasionally it might be farther * back. We have to search all the free lists for the block in order * to determine its bucket: 1st we make one pass thru the lists * checking only the first block in each; if that fails we search * ``realloc_srchlen'' blocks in each list for a match (the variable * is extern so the caller can modify it). If that fails we just copy * however many bytes was given to realloc() and hope it's not huge. */ #ifndef lint /* 4 should be plenty, -1 =>'s whole list */ static int realloc_srchlen = 4; #endif /* lint */ memalign_t realloc(cp, nbytes) ptr_t cp; size_t nbytes; { #ifndef lint register U_int onb; union overhead *op; ptr_t res; register int i; int was_alloced = 0; if (cp == NULL) return (malloc(nbytes)); op = (union overhead *) (((caddr_t) cp) - MEMALIGN(sizeof(union overhead))); if (op->ov_magic == MAGIC) { was_alloced++; i = op->ov_index; } else /* * Already free, doing "compaction". * * Search for the old block of memory on the free list. First, check the * most common case (last element free'd), then (this failing) the last * ``realloc_srchlen'' items free'd. If all lookups fail, then assume * the size of the memory block being realloc'd is the smallest * possible. */ if ((i = findbucket(op, 1)) < 0 && (i = findbucket(op, realloc_srchlen)) < 0) i = 0; onb = MEMALIGN(nbytes + MEMALIGN(sizeof(union overhead)) + RSLOP); /* avoid the copy if same size block */ if (was_alloced && (onb <= (U_int) (1 << (i + 3))) && (onb > (U_int) (1 << (i + 2)))) { #ifdef RCHECK /* JMR: formerly this wasn't updated ! */ nbytes = MEMALIGN(MEMALIGN(sizeof(union overhead))+nbytes+RSLOP); *((U_int *) (((caddr_t) op) + nbytes - RSLOP)) = RMAGIC; op->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC; op->ov_size = (op->ov_index <= 13) ? nbytes - 1 : 0; #endif return ((memalign_t) cp); } if ((res = malloc(nbytes)) == NULL) return ((memalign_t) NULL); if (cp != res) { /* common optimization */ /* * christos: this used to copy nbytes! It should copy the * smaller of the old and new size */ onb = (1 << (i + 3)) - MEMALIGN(sizeof(union overhead)) - RSLOP; (void) memmove((ptr_t) res, (ptr_t) cp, (size_t) (onb < nbytes ? onb : nbytes)); } if (was_alloced) free(cp); return ((memalign_t) res); #else if (cp && nbytes) return ((memalign_t) 0); else return ((memalign_t) 0); #endif /* !lint */ } #ifndef lint /* * Search ``srchlen'' elements of each free list for a block whose * header starts at ``freep''. If srchlen is -1 search the whole list. * Return bucket number, or -1 if not found. */ static int findbucket(freep, srchlen) union overhead *freep; int srchlen; { register union overhead *p; register int i, j; for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { j = 0; for (p = nextf[i]; p && j != srchlen; p = p->ov_next) { if (p == freep) return (i); j++; } } return (-1); } #endif #else /* SYSMALLOC */ /** ** ``Protected versions'' of malloc, realloc, calloc, and free ** ** On many systems: ** ** 1. malloc(0) is bad ** 2. free(0) is bad ** 3. realloc(0, n) is bad ** 4. realloc(n, 0) is bad ** ** Also we call our error routine if we run out of memory. **/ memalign_t smalloc(n) size_t n; { ptr_t ptr; n = n ? n : 1; #ifndef NO_SBRK if (membot == NULL) membot = (char*) sbrk(0); #endif /* !NO_SBRK */ if ((ptr = malloc(n)) == (ptr_t) 0) { child++; stderror(ERR_NOMEM); } #ifdef NO_SBRK if (memtop < ((char *) ptr) + n) memtop = ((char *) ptr) + n; if (membot == NULL) membot = (char*) ptr; #endif /* NO_SBRK */ return ((memalign_t) ptr); } memalign_t srealloc(p, n) ptr_t p; size_t n; { ptr_t ptr; n = n ? n : 1; #ifndef NO_SBRK if (membot == NULL) membot = (char*) sbrk(0); #endif /* NO_SBRK */ if ((ptr = (p ? realloc(p, n) : malloc(n))) == (ptr_t) 0) { child++; stderror(ERR_NOMEM); } #ifdef NO_SBRK if (memtop < ((char *) ptr) + n) memtop = ((char *) ptr) + n; if (membot == NULL) membot = (char*) ptr; #endif /* NO_SBRK */ return ((memalign_t) ptr); } memalign_t scalloc(s, n) size_t s, n; { char *sptr; ptr_t ptr; n *= s; n = n ? n : 1; #ifndef NO_SBRK if (membot == NULL) membot = (char*) sbrk(0); #endif /* NO_SBRK */ if ((ptr = malloc(n)) == (ptr_t) 0) { child++; stderror(ERR_NOMEM); } sptr = (char *) ptr; if (n != 0) do *sptr++ = 0; while (--n); #ifdef NO_SBRK if (memtop < ((char *) ptr) + n) memtop = ((char *) ptr) + n; if (membot == NULL) membot = (char*) ptr; #endif /* NO_SBRK */ return ((memalign_t) ptr); } void sfree(p) ptr_t p; { if (p && !dont_free) free(p); } #endif /* SYSMALLOC */ /* * mstats - print out statistics about malloc * * Prints two lines of numbers, one showing the length of the free list * for each size category, the second showing the number of mallocs - * frees for each size category. */ /*ARGSUSED*/ void showall(v, c) Char **v; struct command *c; { #ifndef SYSMALLOC register int i, j; register union overhead *p; int totfree = 0, totused = 0; xprintf(CGETS(19, 8, "%s current memory allocation:\nfree:\t"), progname); for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { for (j = 0, p = nextf[i]; p; p = p->ov_next, j++) continue; xprintf(" %4d", j); totfree += j * (1 << (i + 3)); } xprintf(CGETS(19, 9, "\nused:\t")); for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { xprintf(" %4u", nmalloc[i]); totused += nmalloc[i] * (1 << (i + 3)); } xprintf(CGETS(19, 10, "\n\tTotal in use: %d, total free: %d\n"), totused, totfree); xprintf(CGETS(19, 11, "\tAllocated memory from 0x%lx to 0x%lx. Real top at 0x%lx\n"), (unsigned long) membot, (unsigned long) memtop, (unsigned long) sbrk(0)); #else #ifndef NO_SBRK memtop = (char *) sbrk(0); #endif /* !NO_SBRK */ xprintf(CGETS(19, 12, "Allocated memory from 0x%lx to 0x%lx (%ld).\n"), (unsigned long) membot, (unsigned long) memtop, (unsigned long) (memtop - membot)); #endif /* SYSMALLOC */ USE(c); USE(v); }