1 .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
13 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
14 .\" without specific prior written permission.
16 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28 .\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
36 .Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys
57 utility will either list the sessions of specified
62 in reverse time order,
63 or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
64 Each line of output contains
65 the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
66 hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
68 If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
73 The following options are available:
74 .Bl -tag -width indent-two
76 Specify the snapshot date and time.
77 All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will
79 This may be used with the
81 option to derive the results from stored
84 When this argument is provided, all other options except for
89 The argument should be in the form
96 where each pair of letters represents the following:
98 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
100 The first two digits of the year (the century).
102 The second two digits of the year.
109 between 69 and 99 results in a
116 Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
118 Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
120 Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
122 Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
124 Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.
131 letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current
135 letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
139 instead of the default,
140 .Pa /var/log/utx.log .
143 names may be names or internet numbers.
149 Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the
150 default days, hours and minutes.
154 Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
158 .Dq Li "last -t tty03" .
160 Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the
161 default days, hours and minutes.
163 Report the year in the session start time.
166 If multiple arguments are given,
167 and a snapshot time is not specified,
168 the information which applies to any of the
169 arguments is printed, e.g.,
170 .Dq Li "last root -t console"
173 sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
175 users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
178 all logins and logouts.
182 logs in at reboots of the system, thus
184 will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
188 is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
190 If interrupted with a quit signal
193 far the search has progressed and then continues.
195 .Bl -tag -width /var/log/utx.log -compact
196 .It Pa /var/log/utx.log
206 utility first appeared in
210 The original version was written by
211 .An Howard P. Katseff ;
213 rewrote it in 1986/87 to add functionality and to improve code quality.
215 If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
216 that a logout record will not be written to the
221 will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".