1 Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 One True Awk updated to the Second Edition as of 20231102 (254b979f32df)
32 Notable features include UTF-8 support and --csv to support comma
36 The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed. When LLD is enabled
37 it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
40 Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
41 "ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
44 Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
45 nfscommon and nfscl modules. Both must be rebuilt from sources.
48 dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
49 time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
50 box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
53 If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
59 The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86. The option
60 has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
61 custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
64 A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
65 behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
66 recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
69 Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
70 default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
73 Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
74 internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
75 installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
78 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
79 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
83 Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
84 belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
85 loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
86 corresponding kernel environment variables.
89 The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
90 been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
96 Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
97 been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
98 practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
101 Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
102 support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
103 set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
104 components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
105 with the serial port at 115200.
108 Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
109 frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
110 integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
111 no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
112 "device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
115 MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
116 Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
119 CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
120 to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
121 BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
122 for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
123 the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
126 stable/14 branch created.
129 The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
130 atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
131 change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
132 file a PR and assign it to imp.
135 OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
136 the base system. It is important to rebuild third-party software
140 To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
141 filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
142 locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
143 delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
145 sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
148 When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
149 filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
152 Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
153 follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
154 authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
155 quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
156 already properly quoted or escaped.
159 Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
160 nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
161 nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
162 in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
163 config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
164 kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf. The default has been nda on
165 all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
166 please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
168 Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
169 migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
172 Remove portsnap(8). Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
176 Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
180 make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
182 where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
185 Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
186 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
187 IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
188 "device imx6_ipu" to it.
189 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
190 TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
191 If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
195 Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
199 sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
200 Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
201 `X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
204 Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
205 to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
208 As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
209 to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
210 to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
213 The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
214 system are now built unconditionally.
217 LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
218 Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
221 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was
222 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
224 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
225 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
226 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
229 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing
230 to reenable sendmail(8):
232 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
234 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
237 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
238 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
239 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
240 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
241 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
242 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
244 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
247 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
248 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
249 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
252 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled
253 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
256 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
257 for pkgbase users to do:
259 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
260 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
262 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
266 OPIE has been removed from the base system. If needed, it can
267 be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
268 Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
269 pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
272 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
273 before re-compiling to avoid errors.
276 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
277 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
278 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
279 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
283 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
284 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
287 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
288 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
289 the coming days and weeks.
291 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
293 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
294 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
295 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
296 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
297 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
300 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
301 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
302 statement in unbound.conf:
303 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
305 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
307 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
308 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
309 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
310 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
311 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
312 such names when roaming to different homenets.
315 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
316 that any of the included congestion control modules could be
317 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
318 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
319 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
320 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
321 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
322 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
323 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
324 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
325 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
328 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
332 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
333 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
334 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
335 may need to be modified.
338 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
339 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
340 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
343 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use
344 the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
349 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
350 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
351 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
355 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
356 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
357 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
358 list of modules to load on their systems.
361 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
362 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
363 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
364 audio/freebsd-13-mixer
367 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
368 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built
369 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
373 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
374 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
375 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
376 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
377 application-specific configuration option for applications
378 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
381 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
382 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
385 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
386 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
387 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
388 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
391 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
392 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
393 MTU on all member interfaces instead.
396 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
397 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
398 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
401 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
402 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
403 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
404 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
405 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
406 to update your sources past the above hash and do
409 % sudo -E make install
410 to enable building kernels again.
413 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
414 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not
415 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
418 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
419 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
422 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
423 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
425 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
428 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
429 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
430 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
431 additions and others.
434 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
435 renamed to "untrusted".
438 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
439 please install the svn package or port.
442 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
443 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
444 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
447 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
450 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
451 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
452 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
453 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
454 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
455 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
456 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
459 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
460 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
461 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
465 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
466 libraries and utilities are packaged.
467 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
468 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
469 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
470 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
474 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
475 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
476 need to be rebuilt from sources.
477 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
478 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
482 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
483 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
484 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
485 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
486 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
487 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
490 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
491 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
492 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
493 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
496 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
497 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
498 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
501 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
502 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
506 stable/13 branch created.
509 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
510 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
511 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
512 since it was bumped so recently.
515 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
516 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
517 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
518 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
521 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
522 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
523 requires a clean build.
526 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
527 instructions can be found at
528 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
529 and other documents in that repo.
532 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
533 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
534 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
535 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
538 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
539 may be installed from ports or packages.
542 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
543 See ping(8) for details.
546 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
547 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
548 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
551 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
552 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
553 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
554 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
555 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
558 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
559 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
560 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
561 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
562 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
566 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
567 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
568 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
569 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
571 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
572 command you want to un-auger the tree is
575 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
576 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
579 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
580 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
581 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
582 unless you want to use new features.
584 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
585 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
586 rebuilding world may fail.
588 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
589 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
591 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
592 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
593 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
594 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
597 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
598 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
599 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
600 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
603 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
604 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
608 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
609 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
612 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
613 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
614 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
615 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
618 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
619 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
620 from sources, so a version bump was done.
623 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
624 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
625 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
626 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
629 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
630 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
631 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
632 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
633 continue to function.
635 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
636 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
637 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
638 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
641 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
642 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
643 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
644 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
645 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
646 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
647 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
650 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
651 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
654 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
655 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
656 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
659 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
660 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
661 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
662 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
664 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
665 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
666 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
667 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
671 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
672 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
673 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
674 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
677 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
678 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
681 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
682 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
683 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
684 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
685 be functional without closefrom(2).
688 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
689 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
690 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
691 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
692 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
693 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
696 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
697 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
698 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
699 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
702 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
703 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
704 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
707 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
710 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
711 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
712 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
715 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
716 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
719 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
720 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
721 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
725 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
726 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
730 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
731 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
732 together with their new kernel.
735 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
736 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
737 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
739 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
740 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
743 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
747 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
748 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
749 external toolchain package.
752 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
753 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
754 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
755 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
756 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
759 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
760 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
761 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
762 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
765 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
766 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
767 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
771 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
774 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
775 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
776 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
777 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
780 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
781 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
782 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
785 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
786 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
787 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
788 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
789 differences between those included in the port and those included in
790 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
791 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
792 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
795 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
796 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
800 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
801 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
802 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
803 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
804 add superio to the set.
807 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
808 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
811 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
812 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
813 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
814 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
815 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
816 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
817 completely in the future.
820 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
821 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
822 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
823 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
824 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
825 will be removed from the list.
828 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
829 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
830 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
831 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
834 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
835 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
836 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
837 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
840 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
841 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
842 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
843 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
846 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
847 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
848 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
851 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
852 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
853 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
854 your scripts, because they had no effect.
856 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
857 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
858 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
859 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
860 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
863 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
864 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
865 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
866 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
867 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
868 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
869 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
872 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
873 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
874 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
875 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
878 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
879 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
880 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
881 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
884 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
885 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
886 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
889 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
890 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
891 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
892 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
893 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
894 avoid running into the limit.
897 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
898 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
901 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
902 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
903 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
904 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
905 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
906 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
909 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
910 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
913 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
914 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
915 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
916 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
917 availability properties.
919 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
920 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
921 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
922 initial condition, if desired.
924 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
925 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
927 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
928 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
929 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
930 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
933 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
934 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
935 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
936 therefore unblocked).
939 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
940 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
941 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
942 is added to the command line.
943 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
944 not affected and should continue to work.
947 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
948 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
949 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
950 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
953 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
954 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
955 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
959 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
960 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
964 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
965 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
966 migrating to the drm ports.
969 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
970 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
971 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
972 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
973 is loaded automatically.
976 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
977 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
978 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
982 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
983 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
984 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
985 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
988 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
989 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
990 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
991 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
992 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
996 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
997 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
998 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1000 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1001 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1003 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1004 removed from the mips port.
1007 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1008 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1009 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1013 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
1014 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1017 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1018 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1019 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
1020 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1023 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1024 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1025 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1028 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1029 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1030 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1034 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1035 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1036 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1038 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1039 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1040 being included using the command:
1044 Stable/12 was branched created.
1047 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1048 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1051 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1052 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1053 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1054 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1055 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1056 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1057 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1058 that as you will get better support.
1060 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1061 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1062 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1063 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1065 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1066 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1067 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1068 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1072 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
1073 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1074 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1075 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1076 be adjusted as necessary.
1079 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
1080 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
1081 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
1082 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1085 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1086 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1087 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1088 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1092 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1093 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1094 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1095 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1099 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1100 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1101 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1102 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1103 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1104 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1107 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1108 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1109 default since FreeBSD-11.
1112 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1113 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
1114 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1117 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1118 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1119 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1120 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1121 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
1122 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1123 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1125 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1126 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1129 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1130 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1131 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1132 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1133 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1134 may not be observed in a future release.
1137 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
1138 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1142 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1143 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1144 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1145 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1148 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1149 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1150 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1151 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1155 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1156 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1157 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1160 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1161 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1162 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1163 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1164 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1167 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1168 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1169 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1170 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1171 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1172 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1175 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1176 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1177 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1180 in /boot/loader.conf
1181 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1182 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1183 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1186 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
1187 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1188 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1189 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1190 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1191 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1192 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1193 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1194 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1195 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1199 Big endian arm support has been removed.
1202 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1203 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
1204 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1205 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1206 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1209 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1210 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1211 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
1212 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
1213 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1214 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1217 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1218 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1221 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1222 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1223 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1224 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1225 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1226 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1227 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1230 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1231 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1232 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1236 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1237 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1238 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1242 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1243 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1246 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1247 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1251 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1252 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1253 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1254 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1257 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1258 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1259 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1263 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
1264 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1265 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1269 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1270 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1271 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1272 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1273 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1274 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1277 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1278 workaround is necessary.
1281 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1282 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1283 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1284 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1287 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1288 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1289 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1290 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1291 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1294 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1295 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1296 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1297 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1300 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1301 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1302 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1306 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1307 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1311 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1312 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1316 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1317 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1318 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1319 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1320 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1322 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1323 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1324 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1325 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1326 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1327 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1328 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1330 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1331 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1334 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1337 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1338 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1339 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1341 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1343 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1344 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1345 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1346 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1347 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1348 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1349 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1351 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1355 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1356 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1357 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1360 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1361 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1362 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1363 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1364 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1365 should be as simple as:
1367 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1368 $ make depend all install
1371 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1372 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1373 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1374 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1375 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1376 provisions for backup boot methods.
1379 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1380 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1381 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1385 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1386 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1387 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1391 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1392 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1393 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1395 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1396 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1399 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1400 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1401 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1402 remove it from kernel config files.
1405 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1406 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1407 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1409 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1410 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1413 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1414 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1415 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1416 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1419 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1420 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1423 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1424 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1425 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1426 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1429 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1430 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1431 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1432 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1433 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1434 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1437 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1438 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1439 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1442 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1443 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1444 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1445 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1446 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1449 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1450 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1451 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1452 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1453 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1457 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1458 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1459 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1460 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1461 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1462 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1463 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1464 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1465 than hardcoding paths.
1468 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1469 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1470 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1473 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1474 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1475 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1476 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1479 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1480 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1483 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1484 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1485 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1486 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1489 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1490 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1491 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1492 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1493 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1496 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1497 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1498 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1499 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1503 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1504 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1505 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1506 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1507 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1510 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1511 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1514 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1515 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1519 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1520 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1524 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1525 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1526 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1527 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1529 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1530 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1531 sandbox if successful.
1533 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1534 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1535 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1536 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1537 an unprivileged user.
1540 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1541 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1542 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1543 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1544 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1545 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1546 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1547 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1548 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1549 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1550 to which you should answer yes.
1553 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1554 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1555 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1556 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1557 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1560 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1561 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1562 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1565 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1566 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1569 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1570 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1571 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1572 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1573 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1574 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1575 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1578 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1579 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1580 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1581 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1582 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1583 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1586 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1587 if you require the GPL compiler.
1590 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1591 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1592 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1593 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1594 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1595 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1598 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1599 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1600 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1603 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1604 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1605 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1609 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1610 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1611 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1612 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1613 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1614 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1617 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1618 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1619 which only require one chipset support.
1621 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1625 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1626 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1627 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1629 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1630 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1633 * load the chip modules in question
1634 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1636 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1637 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1639 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1642 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1643 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1644 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1646 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1647 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1648 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1650 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1651 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1652 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1653 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1654 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1655 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1656 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1657 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1660 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1661 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1662 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1665 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1666 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1667 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1670 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1671 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1672 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1673 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1674 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1675 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1676 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1679 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1680 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1681 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1682 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1685 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1686 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1687 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1690 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1691 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1692 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1695 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1696 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1698 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1699 via one of the following methods:
1700 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1701 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1702 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1703 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1705 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1708 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1709 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1710 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1711 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1715 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1716 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1717 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1718 be prefixed with colon.
1721 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1722 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1723 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1726 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1727 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1728 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1731 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1732 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1733 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1737 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1741 MCA bus support has been removed.
1744 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1745 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1748 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1749 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1752 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1753 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1754 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1758 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1759 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1760 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1763 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1764 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1765 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1768 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1769 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1770 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1773 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1774 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1775 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1776 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1779 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1780 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1782 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1783 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1786 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1787 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1788 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1792 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1793 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1794 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1797 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1798 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1801 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1802 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1803 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1804 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1807 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1808 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1809 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1810 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1811 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1814 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1817 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1818 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1819 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1820 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1823 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1824 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1825 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1829 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1830 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1831 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1832 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1833 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1837 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1838 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1841 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1843 After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1844 from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1845 entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1852 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1853 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1854 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1855 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1856 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1857 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1858 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1859 report a bug if it happens consistently.
1861 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1862 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1863 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1864 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1865 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1866 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1867 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1868 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1871 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1872 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1873 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1874 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1877 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1878 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1879 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1880 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1882 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1883 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1884 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1885 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1886 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1887 should write them with this in mind.
1891 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1892 always follow these three steps:
1894 1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1895 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1897 2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1898 doing a zpool upgrade):
1900 When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1901 block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1902 gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1903 The value $N will typically be 1. For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1905 3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1906 pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1909 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1914 There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1915 current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1916 efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1917 deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1918 fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1919 /boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1920 ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1921 the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1923 Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1924 may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1925 location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1926 mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1928 The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1929 however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1930 root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1931 since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1933 See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1937 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1938 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1939 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1941 make kernel-toolchain
1942 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1943 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1945 To test a kernel once
1946 ---------------------
1947 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1948 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1949 debugging information) run
1950 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1951 nextboot -k testkernel
1953 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1954 -----------------------------------------------------------
1955 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1956 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1958 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1960 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1961 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1963 <reboot in single user> [3]
1970 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1971 --------------------------------------------------
1972 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1973 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1974 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1977 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1980 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1981 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1982 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1983 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1984 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1985 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1986 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1987 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1988 <reboot into current>
1989 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1990 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1994 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1995 ----------------------------------------------
1996 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1998 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1999 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2001 <reboot in single user> [3]
2008 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2009 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2010 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2011 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2012 the UPDATING entries.
2014 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2015 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2016 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2017 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2018 much fewer pitfalls.
2020 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2021 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2022 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2023 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2024 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2025 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2026 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2027 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2029 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2031 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2035 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2036 cd src # full path to source
2037 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2038 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2039 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2041 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2042 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2043 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2044 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2045 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2046 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2048 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2049 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2052 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2053 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2054 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2056 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2057 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2058 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2059 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2060 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2061 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2062 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2063 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2065 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2066 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2067 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2070 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2071 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2072 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2074 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2075 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2076 warn if it is improperly defined.
2079 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2080 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2081 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2082 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2083 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2085 Copyright information:
2087 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2089 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2090 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2091 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2093 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2094 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2095 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2096 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2097 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2098 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2099 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2100 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2101 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2102 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2103 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2105 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of