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4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
6 <!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
8 <!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
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11 <!ENTITY errata SYSTEM "../../share/xml/errata.xml">
13 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
14 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
17 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
20 <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
23 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
25 <!-- Last rev: 284814 -->
29 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
33 <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
43 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
44 a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
45 &release.branch; development line. This document lists
46 applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
47 release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
48 userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
53 <sect1 xml:id="intro">
54 <title>Introduction</title>
56 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
57 &release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or
58 deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on
59 upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
61 <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
62 which these release notes apply represents the latest point
63 along the &release.branch; development branch since
64 &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built,
65 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
67 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
69 <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
70 which these release notes apply represents a point along the
71 &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
72 the future &release.next;. Information regarding pre-built,
73 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
75 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
77 <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
78 &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be
79 found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
80 any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or
81 other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
83 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
84 &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
85 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
86 Handbook</link>.</para>
88 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
89 before installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
90 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
91 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
92 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
93 to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
94 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
96 <para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
97 features in &os; since &release.prev;. In general, changes
98 described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
99 specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
101 <para>Typical release note items document recent security
102 advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
103 support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
104 contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to
105 major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly
106 the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
107 between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
108 advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
112 <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
113 <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
115 <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
116 (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
117 using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade
118 procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
119 unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
120 &os; release. The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
121 the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
123 <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
124 base system from source code) from previous versions are
125 supported, according to the instructions in
126 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
129 <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
130 <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
134 <sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
135 <title>Security and Errata</title>
137 <para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
138 Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
140 <sect2 xml:id="security">
141 <title>Security Advisories</title>
146 <sect2 xml:id="errata">
147 <title>Errata Notices</title>
153 <sect1 xml:id="userland">
154 <title>Userland</title>
156 <para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
157 applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
159 <sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
160 <title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
162 <para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
163 includes files in the
164 <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
165 <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
166 directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
168 <para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
169 updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
170 <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
171 defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
174 <para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
175 &man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
178 <sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
179 <title>Userland Application Changes</title>
181 <para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
182 &google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
183 added, which provides access to functionality that is not
184 available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
187 <para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
188 &man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
189 &man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
190 <quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
192 <para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
193 devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
194 their device name instead of just the selector. Additionally,
195 an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
196 to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
199 <para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
200 has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. This allows
201 the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
202 device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
203 to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
205 <para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
206 devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
208 <para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
209 network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
212 <para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
213 updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
214 filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
215 Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
216 <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
219 <para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
220 to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
221 &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
223 <para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
224 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
225 ends event collection after the specified number of
228 <para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
229 to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
230 displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
233 <para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
234 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
236 <para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
237 updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
238 <literal>4295098369</literal> and
239 <literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
240 change, it would be possible for returned values to be
241 incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
243 <para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
244 updated to include three options used to print information
245 about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
247 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
249 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
250 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
253 <entry>Option</entry>
254 <entry>Output</entry>
260 <entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
261 <entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
266 <entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
267 <entry>The disk image file formats supported by
268 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
272 <entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
273 <entry>The partition schemes supported by
274 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
280 <para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
281 &man.dtrace.1; has been added. With this change,
282 &man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
283 <acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
286 <para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
287 updated to support capability mode provided by
288 &man.capsicum.4;.</para>
290 <para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
291 &man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
292 determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
294 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
295 has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
296 additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
298 <para revision="276893" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
299 &man.mkimg.1; utility has been updated to support the
300 <acronym>MBR</acronym> <acronym>EFI</acronym> partition
303 <para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
304 call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
305 &os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
307 <para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
308 &man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
309 administrative changes to individual devices, such as
310 attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
311 devices. The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
312 &man.devctl.3; library.</para>
314 <para revision="279122" contrib="sponsor"
315 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.netstat.1; utility has been
316 updated to link against the &man.libxo.3; shared
319 <para revision="279139">A new flag, <literal>-c</literal>, has
320 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility, which allows
321 specifying the capacity of the target disk image.</para>
323 <para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
324 &man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
326 <para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
327 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
328 been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
329 a previous upgrade has not been thoroughly completed.</para>
331 <para revision="280870">A regression in the &man.libarchive.3;
332 library that would prevent a directory from being included in
333 the archive when <literal>--one-file-system</literal> is used
334 has been fixed.</para>
336 <para revision="281311" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
337 &man.ar.1; utility has been updated to set
338 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS</literal> and
339 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT</literal> to disallow
340 directory traversal when extracting an archive, similar to
343 <para revision="281617">A race condition in &man.wc.1; that
344 would cause final results to be sent to &man.stderr.4; when
345 receiving the <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal has been
348 <para revision="282208" contrib="sponsor"
349 sponsor="&multiplay;">The &man.chflags.1;, &man.chgrp.1;,
350 &man.chmod.1;, and &man.chown.8; utilities now affect symbolic
351 links when the <literal>-R</literal> flag is specified, as
352 documented in &man.symlink.7;.</para>
354 <para revision="282608">The &man.date.1; utility has been
355 updated to print the modification time of the file passed as
356 an argument to the <literal>-r</literal> flag, improving
357 compatibility with the <acronym>GNU</acronym> &man.date.1;
358 utility behavior.</para>
360 <para revision="283961">The &man.pw.8; utility has been updated
361 with a new flag, <literal>-R</literal>, that sets the root
362 directory within which the utility will operate.</para>
364 <para revision="284297" contrib="sponsor"
365 sponsor="&clusterhq;">The &man.lockstat.1; utility has been
366 updated with several improvements:</para>
370 <para>Spin locks are now reported as the amount of time
371 spinning, instead of loop iterations.</para>
375 <para>Reader locks are now recognized as adaptive that can
380 <para>Lock aquisition events for successful reader try-lock
381 events are now reported.</para>
385 <para>Spin and block events are now reported before lock
386 acquisition events.</para>
390 <para revision="284589" contrib="sponsor"
391 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.fstyp.8; utility has been
392 updated to be able to detect &man.zfs.8; and &man.geli.8;
395 <para revision="285550">The &man.w.1; utility has been updated
396 to display the full IPv6 remote address of the host from which
397 a user is connected.</para>
400 <sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
401 <title>Contributed Software</title>
403 <para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
404 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
405 upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
407 <para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
408 version 20140101.</para>
410 <para revision="261071">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
411 version 3.5.0.</para>
413 <para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
414 been updated to version 3.4.</para>
416 <para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
417 been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
419 <para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
420 been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
422 <para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
423 <application>Clang</application> have been updated to
426 <para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
427 suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
428 patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
431 <para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
432 <application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
433 upstream revision r3136.</para>
435 <para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
436 utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
437 the base system. The <filename
438 role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
439 installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
442 <para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
443 object manipulation tools
444 <application>addr2line</application>,
445 <application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
446 <application>nm</application>,
447 <application>readelf</application>,
448 <application>size</application>, and
449 <application>strings</application> were switched to the
450 versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
452 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
453 has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
454 adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
457 <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
458 to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
460 <para revision="280932" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
461 <application>elftoolchain</application> utilities have been
462 updated to version 3179.</para>
464 <para revision="281316">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
465 to version 5.2.1.</para>
467 <para revision="281373">The &man.nvi.1; utility has been updated
468 to version 2.1.3.</para>
470 <para revision="281806">The &man.wpa.supplicant.8; and
471 &man.hostapd.8; utilities have been updated to version
474 <para revision="282089">The &man.unbound.8; utility has been
475 updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
477 <para revision="282434" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
478 &man.resolvconf.8; utility has been updated to version
481 <para revision="282613">The &man.nc.1; utility has been updated
482 to the OpenBSD 5.7 version.</para>
484 <para revision="283092">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
485 updated to version 20150515.</para>
487 <para revision="284237">The &man.file.1; utility has been
488 updated to version 5.23.</para>
490 <para revision="284254"><application>bmake</application> has
491 been updated to version 20150606.</para>
493 <para revision="284397">Timezone data files have been updated to
494 version 2015e.</para>
496 <para revision="285229"><application>sendmail</application> has
497 been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with &os; 11.0 and
498 sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
499 default, i.e., they will not contain <quote>::</quote>. For
500 example, instead of <quote>::1</quote>, it will be
501 <quote>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1</quote>. This permits a zero subnet to
502 have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
503 IPv6:0:0 versus IPv6:0. This change requires that
504 configuration data (including maps, files, classes, custom
505 ruleset, etc.) must use the same format, so make certain such
506 configuration data is upgrading. As a very simple check
507 search for patterns like 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.
508 To return to the old behavior, set the m4 option
509 <literal>confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES</literal> or the cf
510 option <literal>UseCompressedIPv6Addresses</literal>.</para>
512 <para revision="285329"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
513 been updated to version 1.0.1p.</para>
515 <para revision="285642" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&dell;">The
516 &man.ssh.1; utility has been updated to re-implement hostname
517 canonicalization before locating the host in
518 <filename>known_hosts</filename>.</para>
521 <sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
522 <title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
524 <para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
525 and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
526 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
528 <para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
529 &man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
530 <literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
531 <literal>off</literal> for the <filename
532 class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
533 contents of directories within <filename
534 class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
535 using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
536 <filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
538 <para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
539 updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
540 <acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
541 in a virtual machine, determined when the
542 <literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
543 <literal>1</literal>.</para>
545 <para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
546 updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
547 when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
549 <para revision="285557" contrib="sponsor"
550 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
551 aligning partitions on 1Mb boundaries has been added to
552 &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
554 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
555 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
556 a workaround for various laptops and motherboards that do not
557 boot properly from <acronym>GPT</acronym>-partitioned disks
558 has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;. Additionally, the
559 <literal>active</literal> flag will be set on the partition
562 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
563 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for selecting the partitioning
564 scheme when installing on the <acronym>UFS</acronym>
565 filesystem has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
568 <sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
569 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
572 <para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
573 updated to allow configuring services in <filename
574 class="directory">${LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
575 If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
576 <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
578 <para revision="273955">A new &man.rc.8; script,
579 <filename>growfs</filename>, has been added, which will resize
580 the root filesystem on boot if <filename>/firstboot</filename>
583 <para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
584 &man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system. An
585 equivalent script is available from the <filename
586 role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
588 <para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
589 sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
590 <filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
591 automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
595 <sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
596 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
599 <para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
600 <filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
601 crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
602 <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
604 <para revision="277216" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
605 &man.periodic.8; script,
606 <filename>510.status-world-kernel</filename>, has been added,
607 which evaluates the running userland and kernel versions from
608 the &man.uname.1; <literal>-U</literal> and
609 <literal>-K</literal> arguments, and prints an error if the
610 system userland and kernel are not in sync.</para>
613 <sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
614 <title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
616 <para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
617 format has been changed to
618 <literal>$2b$</literal>.</para>
620 <para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
621 statically linked in software within the base system, and the
622 shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
623 Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
625 <para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
626 updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
627 features <literal>%U</literal> and
628 <literal>%W</literal>.</para>
630 <para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
631 sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
632 changed to always return the path name of the
633 <acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
634 <literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
636 <para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
637 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
638 imported to the base system.</para>
640 <para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
641 userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
642 has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
643 applications to work over compatible
644 <acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
646 <para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
647 providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
650 <para revision="275800" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
651 &man.procctl.2; system call has been updated to include
652 a facility for non-&man.init.8; processes to be declared as
653 the reaper of child processes and their decendants.</para>
655 <para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
656 <literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
657 added. See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
659 <para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
660 has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
661 allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
662 userland applications and libraries without also linking
663 against &man.elf.3;.</para>
665 <para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
666 updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
669 <para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
670 updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
671 platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
674 <para revision="281130">Several standard include headers have
675 been updated to use of <application>gcc</application>
676 attributes, such as <literal>__result_use_check()</literal>,
677 <literal>__alloc_size()</literal>, and
678 <literal>__nonnull()</literal>.</para>
680 <para revision="281845">Support for file verification in
681 <acronym>MAC</acronym> has been added.</para>
683 <para revision="282973" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
684 <literal>libgomp</literal> library is now only built when
685 building <acronym>GCC</acronym> from the base system. An
686 up-to-date version is available in the Ports Collection as
688 role="package">devel/libiomp5-devel</filename>.</para>
690 <para revision="282988">The <filename>stdlib.h</filename> and
691 <filename>malloc.h</filename> headers have been updated to
692 make use of the <application>gcc</application>
693 <literal>alloc_align()</literal> attribute.</para>
695 <para revision="284483" contrib="sponsor"
696 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; library
697 has been updated to support $2y$ hashes.</para>
700 <sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
701 <title>ABI Compatibility</title>
703 <para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
704 been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>. The
705 <literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
706 evaluated when building the <filename
707 role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
712 <sect1 xml:id="kernel">
713 <title>Kernel</title>
715 <para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
716 tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
719 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
720 <title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
722 <para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
723 functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
724 &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
725 Boost ™ enabled has been fixed.</para>
727 <para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
728 &man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
729 &os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
730 and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
731 checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
733 <para revision="271917">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
734 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gif.4; has
737 <para revision="271918">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
738 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gre.4; has
741 <para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
742 potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
743 at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
745 <para revision="280930" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&mitail;">The
746 kernel <acronym>RPC</acronym> has been updated to include
747 several enhancements:</para>
751 <para>The 45 MiB limit on requests queued for
752 &man.nfsd.8; threads has been removed.</para>
756 <para>Avoids unnecessary throttling by not deferring
757 accounting for completed requests.</para>
761 <para>Fixes an integer overflow and signedness bugs.</para>
765 <para revision="281261" arch="powerpc">Support for
766 &man.dtrace.1; has been added for the
767 Book-E ™.</para>
770 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
771 <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
773 <para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
774 kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
775 which enables application execution through emulators, such
776 as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
778 <para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
779 configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
780 driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
781 To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
782 at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
783 <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
784 reboot the system.</para>
786 <para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
787 updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
788 class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
789 argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
791 <para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
792 &os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
793 a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
794 loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
798 <para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
799 The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
803 <para revision="278338" arch="arm">A new module for creating
804 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> has been added for the Raspberry
807 <para revision="278340" arch="arm">The
808 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> module is now installed to
809 <filename class="directory">/boot/dtb/</filename> by
810 default for the Raspberry Pi system.</para>
812 <para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
813 arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
814 (<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
815 has been added.</para>
817 <para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
818 arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
819 &powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
822 <para revision="279824" arch="arm">A new module for creating
823 the <filename>dtb</filename> module for AM335x systems has
826 <para revision="281495" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
827 <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal> kernel configuration option has
828 been added for &os;/&arch.i386;, which instructs &man.pmap.9;
829 to use <acronym>PAE</acronym> format for page tables while
830 maintaining a 32-bit physical address size elsewhere in the
831 kernel. The use of this option can enhance application-level
832 security by enabling the creation of <quote>no execute</quote>
833 mappings on modern &arch.i386; processors. Unlike the
834 <literal>PAE</literal> option, <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>
835 preserves kernel binary interface (<acronym>KBI</acronym>)
836 compatibility with non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernels,
837 allowing non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernel modules and drivers
838 to work with a <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>-enabled kernel.
839 Additionally, system limits are tuned for 4GB maximum
840 <acronym>RAM</acronym>, avoiding kernel virtual address space
841 (<acronym>KVA</acronym>) exhaustion.</para>
843 <para revision="282215">The <literal>SIFTR</literal> kernel
844 configuration has been added, allowing building &man.siftr.4;
845 statically into the kernel.</para>
847 <para revision="282731" arch="arm">The &arch.arm; boot loader,
848 <filename>ubldr</filename>, is now relocatable. In addition,
849 <filename>ubldr.bin</filename> is now created during build
850 time, which is a stripped binary with an entry point of
851 <literal>0</literal>, providing the ability to specify the
852 load address by running <literal>go
853 ${loadaddr}</literal> in
854 <literal>u-boot</literal>.</para>
856 <para revision="282921" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&intelcorp;"
857 arch="amd64,i386">The &man.nvd.4; and &man.nvme.4; drivers are
858 now included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
859 configuration by default.</para>
861 <para revision="283959" contrib="sponsor"
862 sponsor="&limelight;">A new kernel configuration option,
863 <literal>EM_MULTIQUEUE</literal>, has been added which enables
864 multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver.</para>
867 <para>Multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver is not
868 officially supported by &intel;.</para>
872 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
873 <title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
875 <para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
876 &man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
877 increased. The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
878 the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
880 <para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
881 and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
882 &man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
884 <para revision="280308,280949" contrib="sponsor"
885 sponsor="&ix;, &ff;">The &man.devfs.5; device filesystem has
886 been changed to update timestamps for read/write operations
887 using seconds precision. A new &man.sysctl.8;,
888 <literal>vfs.devfs.dotimes</literal> has been added, which
889 when set to a non-zero value, enables default precision
890 timestamps for these operations.</para>
892 <para revision="282213" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
893 &man.sysctl.8;, <literal>kern.racct.enable</literal>, has been
894 added, which when set to a non-zero value allows using
895 &man.rctl.8; with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
896 A new kernel configuration option,
897 <literal>RACCT_DISABLED</literal> has also been added.</para>
899 <para revision="282901" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
900 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration now includes
901 <literal>RACCT</literal> and <literal>RCTL</literal> by
905 <para>To enable <literal>RACCT</literal> and
906 <literal>RCTL</literal> on a system using the
907 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration, add
908 <literal>kern.racct.enable=1</literal> to
909 &man.loader.conf.5;, and reboot the system.</para>
912 <para revision="283136" contrib="sponsor"
913 sponsor="&limelight;">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
914 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache.purgenow</literal>, has
915 been added, which when set to <literal>1</literal> during
916 runtime will flush all
917 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache</literal> entries.</para>
921 <sect1 xml:id="drivers">
922 <title>Devices and Drivers</title>
924 <para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
925 device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
927 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
928 <title>Device Drivers</title>
930 <para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
933 <para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
934 and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
935 Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
936 only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
937 returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts. As
938 this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
939 has been added.</para>
941 <para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
942 added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
943 support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
946 <para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
947 replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
948 &man.sysctl.8; with individual
949 <literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
951 <para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
953 <filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
954 device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
957 <para revision="280183">The <literal>drm</literal> code has
958 been updated to match &linux; version 3.8.13.</para>
960 <para revision="281440">The &man.psm.4; driver has been updated
961 to include improved support for newer Synaptics ®
962 touchpads and the ClickPad ® mouse on newer
963 Lenovo ™ laptops.</para>
965 <para revision="282783" arch="powerpc">Support for the Freescale
966 <acronym>PCI</acronym> Root Complex device has been
970 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
971 <title>Storage Drivers</title>
973 <para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
974 sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
975 device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
976 3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
978 <para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
979 sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
980 providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers. The
981 &man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
982 To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
983 <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
984 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
985 &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
988 <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
989 version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
990 <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
991 &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
994 <para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
995 &man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
996 limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
997 and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
998 to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
1000 <para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
1001 been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
1003 <para revision="281387">The &man.hptnr.4; driver has been
1004 updated to version 1.1.1.</para>
1007 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
1008 <title>Network Drivers</title>
1010 <para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
1011 BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
1014 <para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1015 Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
1017 <para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino™
1018 Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
1021 <para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
1022 removed. Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
1023 advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
1024 the default driver for this hardware since
1025 &os; 7.0.</para>
1027 <para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
1028 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
1029 device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
1030 Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
1033 <para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
1034 the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
1038 <para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
1039 sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
1040 updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
1042 <para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1043 Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
1045 <para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
1046 sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
1047 5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
1049 <para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
1050 to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
1052 <para revision="272906">The &man.pf.4; packet filter default hash
1053 has been changed from <literal>Jenkins</literal> to
1054 <literal>Murmur3</literal>, providing a 3-percent performance
1055 increase in packets-per-second.</para>
1057 <para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
1058 which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
1059 a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network. The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
1060 analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
1061 for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
1063 <para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
1064 &man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
1065 been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
1068 <para revision="278551">The &man.ral.4; driver has been updated
1069 to support the RT5390 and RT5392 chipsets.</para>
1071 <para revision="283514" contrib="sponsor"
1072 sponsor="&solarflare;">The &man.sfxge.4; driver has been
1073 updated to support Solarflare Flareon Ultra 7000-series
1076 <para revision="283766" contrib="sponsor"
1077 sponsor="&limelight;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
1078 with improved transmission queue hang detection.</para>
1080 <para revision="284125">The &man.cdce.4; driver has been updated
1081 to include support for the RTL8153 chipset.</para>
1085 <sect1 xml:id="hardware">
1086 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1088 <para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
1089 machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
1090 as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
1091 other sections of this document.</para>
1093 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
1094 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1096 <para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
1097 updated to support the &apple; MacMini 3,1.</para>
1099 <para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
1100 as of &os; 11.</para>
1102 <para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
1103 hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
1104 <literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
1105 <acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
1106 and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
1108 <para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
1109 subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
1110 certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
1111 PowerBook ®.</para>
1113 <para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1114 driver has been updated to correct performance counter
1115 sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
1117 <para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
1118 sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
1119 <application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
1120 updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
1121 <literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
1122 added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
1124 <para revision="281713" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1125 driver has been updated to support the Freescale e500
1128 <para revision="283766">The &man.ig4.4; driver has been added,
1129 providing support for the fourth generation &intel;
1130 <acronym>I2C</acronym> SMBus.</para>
1132 <para>The &man.uart.4; driver has been updated to support
1133 <acronym>AMT</acronym> devices on newer systems.</para>
1136 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
1137 <title>Virtualization Support</title>
1139 <para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
1140 Delivery</quote> feature of &intel; VT-x is enabled if
1141 supported by the CPU. This feature can be disabled by running
1142 <literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
1143 Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
1144 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
1145 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1147 <para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
1148 Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU. This
1149 feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
1150 hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>. Additionally, to
1151 persist this setting across reboots, add
1152 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
1153 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1155 <para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1156 &man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
1158 <para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1159 &man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
1161 <para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
1162 been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
1164 <para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
1167 <para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
1168 sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
1169 <application>Xen</application> guest instance as
1170 <acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
1171 <acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
1172 Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
1173 I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
1174 tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
1176 <para revision="273375">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1177 updated to support &amd; processors with
1178 <acronym>SVM</acronym> and <acronym>AMD-V</acronym> hardware
1181 <para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
1182 been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
1183 devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
1185 <para revision="279957">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1186 updated to support <literal>DSM TRIM</literal> commands for
1187 virtual <acronym>AHCI</acronym> disks.</para>
1189 <para revision="281439" arch="arm">Support for the
1190 <application>QEMU</application> <literal>virt</literal> system
1191 has been added.</para>
1193 <para revision="282212" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1194 Hyper-V™ drivers have been updated with several
1195 enhancements:</para>
1199 <para>The &man.hv.vmbus.4; driver now has multi-channel
1204 <para>The &man.hv.storvsc.4; driver now has scatter/gather
1205 support, in addition to performance improvements.</para>
1209 <para>The &man.hv.kvp.4; driver has received several bug
1214 <para revision="282274">Support for &man.xen.4; para-virtualized
1215 <literal>domU</literal> kernels has been removed.</para>
1217 <para revision="284746" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1218 &man.hv.netvsc.4; driver has been updated to support checksum
1219 offloading and <acronym>TSO</acronym>.</para>
1222 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
1223 <title>ARM Support</title>
1225 <para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
1226 ARM devices by default.</para>
1228 <para revision="266943" arch="arm">Support for the Exynos 5420
1229 Octa system has been added.</para>
1231 <para revision="267390" arch="arm">The <acronym>SMP</acronym>
1232 option has been enabled for all Exynos 5 systems supported by
1235 <para revision="268838" arch="arm">Support for the Toradex
1236 Apalis i.MX6 development board has been added.</para>
1238 <para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
1239 instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
1240 Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
1242 <para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
1243 driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
1244 frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
1245 <acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
1247 <para revision="277042" arch="arm">Support to turn off the
1248 BeagleBone Black system with the &man.shutdown.8;
1249 <literal>-p</literal> flag or by invoking &man.poweroff.8; has
1252 <para revision="277644" arch="arm">Audio transmission drivers
1253 have been added for Digital Audio Multiplexer
1254 (<acronym>AUDMUXM</acronym>), Smart Direct Memory Access
1255 Controller (<acronym>SDMA</acronym>), and Syncronous Serial
1256 Interface (<acronym>SSI</acronym>).</para>
1258 <para revision="280259" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1259 support for the ARM AArch64 architecture has been
1262 <para revision="282779" arch="arm">Kernel support for Thumb-2
1263 userland has been added.</para>
1265 <para revision="282827">Support for the hardware power button
1266 on the BeagleBone Black system has been added.</para>
1268 <para revision="284273" contrib="sponsor"
1269 sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1270 <acronym>ACPI</acronym> support has been added for
1271 &os;/&arch.arm64;.</para>
1275 <sect1 xml:id="storage">
1276 <title>Storage</title>
1278 <para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
1279 and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
1281 <sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
1282 <title>General Storage</title>
1284 <para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1285 &man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
1286 replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
1287 with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
1289 <para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1290 &man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
1291 non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
1293 <para revision="275681" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1294 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1295 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-media</literal>, which
1296 allows automatically mounting removable media, such as
1297 <acronym>CD</acronym> drives or <acronym>USB</acronym> flash
1300 <para revision="279955" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1301 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1302 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-noauto</literal>, which
1303 handles &man.fstab.5; entries set to
1304 <literal>noauto</literal>.</para>
1307 <sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
1308 <title>Networked Storage</title>
1310 <para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
1311 filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
1312 The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
1313 other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS X™
1314 and Solaris™. The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
1315 a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
1316 is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
1317 and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
1320 <para revision="273849" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Support
1321 for the <literal>timeo</literal>, <literal>actimeo</literal>,
1322 <literal>noac</literal>, and <literal>proto</literal> options
1323 have been added to &man.mount.nfs.8;.</para>
1326 <sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
1329 <para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
1330 statistics are now visible through the
1331 <literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;. As a result of this
1332 change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
1333 &man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
1334 <literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
1335 &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
1338 <sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
1339 <title>&man.geom.4;</title>
1341 <para revision="267359">Support for the
1342 <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
1343 added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1345 <para revision="282465">Support for the
1346 <literal>apple-boot</literal>, <literal>apple-hfs</literal>,
1347 and <literal>apple-ufs</literal> <acronym>MBR</acronym>
1348 partitioning schemes have been added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1352 <sect1 xml:id="boot">
1353 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1355 <para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
1356 boot-related changes.</para>
1358 <sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
1359 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1361 <para revision="258431" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1362 memory test run at boot time on &os;/&arch.amd64; platforms
1363 has been disabled by default.</para>
1365 <para revision="262955">A new &man.ttys.5; class,
1366 <literal>3wire</literal>, has been added. This is similar to
1367 the existing terminal classes, but does not have a defined
1370 <para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
1371 default system console driver. The &man.syscons.4; driver is
1372 still available, and can be enabled by adding
1373 <literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
1374 Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
1375 entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
1376 &man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
1378 <para revision="279950">Support for <literal>bzipfs</literal>
1379 has been added to the <acronym>EFI</acronym> loader.</para>
1381 <para revision="281616">The boot loader has been updated to
1382 support entering the <acronym>GELI</acronym> passphrase before
1383 loading the kernel. To enable this behavior, add
1384 <literal>geom_eli_passphrase_prompt="YES"</literal> to
1385 &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
1387 <para revision="284683" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
1388 arch="arm">The &man.ttys.5; file for &os;/&arch.arm; has been
1389 updated to enable <filename>ttyu1</filename>,
1390 <filename>ttyu2</filename>, and <filename>ttyu3</filename> by
1391 default, if the callin port is an active console port.</para>
1394 <sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
1395 <title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
1401 <sect1 xml:id="network">
1402 <title>Networking</title>
1404 <para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
1407 <sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
1408 <title>Network Procols</title>
1410 <para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
1411 protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
1412 &os; 11 and later releases.</para>
1414 <para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
1415 sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1416 blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
1417 added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default. New
1418 control tunables have been added:</para>
1420 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1422 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1423 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1426 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1427 <entry>Description</entry>
1433 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
1434 <entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1435 blackhole detection</entry>
1439 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1440 <entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
1444 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1445 <entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
1451 <para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
1453 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1455 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1456 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1459 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1460 <entry>Description</entry>
1466 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
1467 <entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
1468 downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1472 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
1473 <entry>Number of times the blackhole
1474 <acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
1479 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
1480 <entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
1481 connect after downshifting the
1482 <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1488 <para revision="280971" contrib="sponsor"
1489 sponsor="&netflix;, &nginx;">Support for <acronym>IP</acronym>
1490 identification for atomic datagrams (<acronym>RFC</acronym>
1491 6864) has been added. Support for this feature can be toggled
1492 with the <literal>net.inet.ip.rfc6864</literal>
1493 &man.sysctl.8;, which is enabled by default.</para>
1497 <sect1 xml:id="ports">
1498 <title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
1500 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Ports
1501 Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
1502 installation tools.</para>
1504 <sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
1505 <title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
1510 <sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
1511 <title>Packaging Changes</title>
1517 <sect1 xml:id="doc">
1518 <title>Documentation</title>
1520 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Documentation
1521 Project sources and toolchain.</para>
1523 <sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
1524 <title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
1529 <sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
1530 <title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
1536 <sect1 xml:id="releng">
1537 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1539 <para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
1540 &os; Release Engineering processes.</para>
1542 <sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
1543 <title>Integration Changes</title>
1545 <para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1546 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1547 support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
1548 cloud hosting providers.</para>
1550 <para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
1551 been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;. By default,
1552 the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
1555 <para revision="281802" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1556 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1557 support for building &os;/&arch.arm64; virtual machine and
1558 memory stick installation images.</para>
1560 <para revision="282693" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1561 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to support
1562 building &os;/&arch.arm; images without external utilities for
1563 supported boards where a corresponding
1564 <literal>u-boot</literal> port exists in the Ports
1567 <para revision="283307" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1568 &os;/&arch.i386; memory stick installation images are now
1569 created using the &man.mkimg.1; utility, matching the way
1570 the &os;/&arch.amd64; images are created.</para>