release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/article.xml

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   2 <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN"
   3         "../../../share/xml/freebsd50.dtd" [
   4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
   5  %release;
   6 <!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
   7  %sponsor;
   8 <!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
   9  %vendor;
  10 <!ENTITY security SYSTEM "../../share/xml/security.xml">
  11 <!ENTITY errata SYSTEM "../../share/xml/errata.xml">
  12 ]>
  13 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
  14   xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
  15
  16   <info>
  17     <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
  18
  19     <author>
  20       <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
  21     </author>
  22
  23     <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
  24
  25     <!-- Last rev: 278934 -->
  26
  27     <copyright>
  28       <year>2015</year>
  29       <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
  30         Project</holder>
  31     </copyright>
  32
  33     <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
  34       &tm-attrib.freebsd;
  35       &tm-attrib.ibm;
  36       &tm-attrib.ieee;
  37       &tm-attrib.intel;
  38       &tm-attrib.sparc;
  39       &tm-attrib.general;
  40     </legalnotice>
  41
  42     <abstract>
  43       <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
  44         a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
  45         &release.branch; development line.  This document lists
  46         applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
  47         release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
  48         userland.  Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
  49         presented.</para>
  50     </abstract>
  51   </info>
  52
  53   <sect1 xml:id="intro">
  54     <title>Introduction</title>
  55
  56     <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
  57       &release.current;.  It describes recently added, changed, or
  58       deleted features of &os;.  It also provides some notes on
  59       upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
  60
  61     <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
  62       which these release notes apply represents the latest point
  63       along the &release.branch; development branch since
  64       &release.branch; was created.  Information regarding pre-built,
  65       binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
  66       found at <uri
  67         xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
  68
  69     <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
  70       which these release notes apply represents a point along the
  71       &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
  72       the future &release.next;.  Information regarding pre-built,
  73       binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
  74       found at <uri
  75         xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
  76
  77     <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
  78       &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution.  It can be
  79       found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
  80       any of its mirrors.  More information on obtaining this (or
  81       other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
  82       <link
  83         xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
  84           &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
  85         xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
  86         Handbook</link>.</para>
  87
  88     <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
  89       before installing &os;.  The errata document is updated with
  90       <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
  91       release cycle or after the release.  Typically, it contains
  92       information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
  93       to documentation.  An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
  94       &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
  95
  96     <para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
  97       features in &os; since &release.prev;.  In general, changes
  98       described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
  99       specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
 100
 101     <para>Typical release note items document recent security
 102       advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
 103       support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
 104       contributed software upgrades.  They may also list changes to
 105       major ports/packages or release engineering practices.  Clearly
 106       the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
 107       between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
 108       advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
 109       improvements.</para>
 110   </sect1>
 111
 112   <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
 113     <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
 114
 115     <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
 116       (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
 117       using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility.  The binary upgrade
 118       procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
 119       unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
 120       &os; release.  The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
 121       the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
 122
 123     <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
 124       base system from source code) from previous versions are
 125       supported, according to the instructions in
 126       <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
 127
 128     <important>
 129       <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
 130         <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
 131     </important>
 132   </sect1>
 133
 134   <sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
 135     <title>Security and Errata</title>
 136
 137     <para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
 138       Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
 139
 140     <sect2 xml:id="security">
 141       <title>Security Advisories</title>
 142
 143       &security;
 144     </sect2>
 145
 146     <sect2 xml:id="errata">
 147       <title>Errata Notices</title>
 148
 149       &errata;
 150     </sect2>
 151   </sect1>
 152
 153   <sect1 xml:id="userland">
 154     <title>Userland</title>
 155
 156     <para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
 157       applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
 158
 159     <sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
 160       <title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
 161
 162       <para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
 163         includes files in the
 164         <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
 165         <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
 166         directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
 167
 168       <para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
 169         updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
 170         <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
 171         defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
 172         if unset.</para>
 173
 174       <para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
 175         &man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
 176     </sect2>
 177
 178     <sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
 179       <title>Userland Application Changes</title>
 180
 181       <para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
 182         &google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
 183         added, which provides access to functionality that is not
 184         available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
 185         sandbox.</para>
 186
 187       <para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
 188         &man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
 189         &man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
 190         <quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
 191
 192       <para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
 193         devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
 194         their device name instead of just the selector.  Additionally,
 195         an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
 196         to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
 197         device.</para>
 198
 199       <para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
 200         has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>.  This allows
 201         the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
 202         device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
 203         to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
 204
 205       <para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
 206         devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
 207
 208       <para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
 209         network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
 210         privileges.</para>
 211
 212       <para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
 213         updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
 214         filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
 215         Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
 216         <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
 217         host system.</para>
 218
 219       <para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
 220         to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
 221         &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
 222
 223       <para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
 224         format has been changed to
 225         <literal>&dollar;2b&dollar;</literal>.</para>
 226
 227       <para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
 228         updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
 229         ends event collection after the specified number of
 230         seconds.</para>
 231
 232       <para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
 233         to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
 234         displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
 235         process.</para>
 236
 237       <para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
 238         been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
 239
 240       <para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
 241         updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
 242         <literal>4295098369</literal> and
 243         <literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
 244         change, it would be possible for returned values to be
 245         incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
 246
 247       <para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
 248         updated to include three options used to print information
 249         about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
 250
 251       <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
 252         <tgroup cols="2">
 253           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
 254           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
 255           <thead>
 256             <row>
 257               <entry>Option</entry>
 258               <entry>Output</entry>
 259             </row>
 260           </thead>
 261
 262           <tbody>
 263             <row>
 264               <entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
 265               <entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
 266                 utility</entry>
 267             </row>
 268
 269             <row>
 270               <entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
 271               <entry>The disk image file formats supported by
 272                 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
 273             </row>
 274
 275             <row>
 276               <entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
 277               <entry>The partition schemes supported by
 278                 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
 279             </row>
 280           </tbody>
 281         </tgroup>
 282       </informaltable>
 283
 284       <para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
 285         &man.dtrace.1; has been added.  With this change,
 286         &man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
 287         <acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
 288         values.</para>
 289
 290       <para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
 291         updated to support capability mode provided by
 292         &man.capsicum.4;.</para>
 293
 294       <para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 295         &man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
 296         determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
 297
 298       <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
 299         has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
 300         additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
 301
 302       <para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
 303         call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
 304         &os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
 305
 306       <para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
 307         &man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
 308         administrative changes to individual devices, such as
 309         attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
 310         devices.  The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
 311         &man.devctl.3; library.</para>
 312
 313       <para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 314         &man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
 315
 316       <para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
 317         sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
 318         been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
 319         a previous upgrade has not been throughly completed.</para>
 320     </sect2>
 321
 322     <sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
 323       <title>Contributed Software</title>
 324
 325       <para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
 326         sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
 327         upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
 328
 329       <para revision="259626">Timezone data files have been updated to
 330         version 2013i.</para>
 331
 332       <para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
 333         version 20140101.</para>
 334
 335       <para revision="261071">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
 336         version 3.5.0.</para>
 337
 338       <para revision="261212"><application>bmake</application> has
 339         been updated to version 20140101.</para>
 340
 341       <para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
 342         been updated to version 3.4.</para>
 343
 344       <para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
 345         been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
 346
 347       <para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
 348         been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
 349
 350       <para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
 351         <application>Clang</application> have been updated to
 352         version 3.4.</para>
 353
 354       <para revision="266527"
 355         role="merged"><application>Sendmail</application> has been
 356         updated from 8.14.7 to 8.14.9.</para>
 357
 358       <para revision="276577"><application>file</application> has been
 359         updated to version 5.22.</para>
 360
 361       <para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
 362         suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
 363         patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
 364         support.</para>
 365
 366       <para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 367         <application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
 368         upstream revision r3136.</para>
 369
 370       <para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
 371         utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
 372         the base system.  The <filename
 373           role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
 374         installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
 375         needed.</para>
 376
 377       <para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
 378         object manipulation tools
 379         <application>addr2line</application>,
 380         <application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
 381         <application>nm</application>,
 382         <application>size</application>, and
 383         <application>strings</application> were switched to the
 384         versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
 385
 386       <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
 387         has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
 388         adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
 389         shell.</para>
 390
 391       <para revision="277270"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
 392         been updated to version 1.0.1l.</para>
 393
 394       <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been udpated
 395         to version 5.2.0.</para>
 396
 397       <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
 398         to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
 399
 400       <para revision="278970">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
 401         updated to version 20150204.</para>
 402     </sect2>
 403
 404     <sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
 405       <title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
 406
 407       <para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
 408         and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
 409         <acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
 410
 411       <para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
 412         &man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
 413         <literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
 414         <literal>off</literal> for the <filename
 415           class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
 416         contents of directories within <filename
 417           class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
 418         using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
 419         <filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
 420
 421       <para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
 422         updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
 423         <acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
 424         in a virtual machine, determined when the
 425         <literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
 426         <literal>1</literal>.</para>
 427
 428       <para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
 429         updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
 430         when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
 431     </sect2>
 432
 433     <sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
 434       <title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
 435         Scripts</title>
 436
 437       <para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
 438         updated to allow configuring services in <filename
 439           class="directory">&dollar;{LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
 440         If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
 441         <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
 442
 443       <para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
 444         &man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system.  An
 445         equivalent script is available from the <filename
 446           role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
 447
 448       <para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
 449         sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
 450         <filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
 451         automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
 452         boot.</para>
 453     </sect2>
 454
 455     <sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
 456       <title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
 457         Scripts</title>
 458
 459       <para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
 460         <filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
 461         crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
 462         <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
 463     </sect2>
 464
 465     <sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
 466       <title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
 467
 468       <para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
 469         statically linked in software within the base system, and the
 470         shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
 471         Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
 472
 473       <para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
 474         updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
 475         features <literal>%U</literal> and
 476         <literal>%W</literal>.</para>
 477
 478       <para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
 479         sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
 480         changed to always return the path name of the
 481         <acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
 482         <literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
 483
 484       <para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
 485         sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
 486         imported to the base system.</para>
 487
 488       <para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
 489         userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
 490         has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
 491         applications to work over compatible
 492         <acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
 493
 494       <para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
 495         providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
 496         interface.</para>
 497
 498       <para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
 499         <literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
 500         added.  See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
 501
 502       <para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
 503         has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
 504         allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
 505         userland applications and libraries without also linking
 506         against &man.elf.3;.</para>
 507
 508       <para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
 509         updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
 510         failure.</para>
 511
 512       <para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
 513         updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
 514         platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
 515         workloads.</para>
 516     </sect2>
 517
 518     <sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
 519       <title>ABI Compatibility</title>
 520
 521       <para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
 522         been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>.  The
 523         <literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
 524         evaluated when building the <filename
 525           role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
 526         ports.</para>
 527     </sect2>
 528   </sect1>
 529
 530   <sect1 xml:id="kernel">
 531     <title>Kernel</title>
 532
 533     <para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
 534       tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
 535       categorized.</para>
 536
 537     <sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
 538       <title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
 539
 540       <para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
 541         functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
 542         &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
 543         Boost&nbsp;&trade; enabled has been fixed.</para>
 544
 545       <para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
 546         &man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
 547         &os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
 548         and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
 549         checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
 550
 551       <para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
 552         potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
 553         at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
 554     </sect2>
 555
 556     <sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
 557       <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
 558
 559       <para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
 560         kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
 561         which enables application execution through emulators, such
 562         as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
 563
 564       <para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
 565         configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
 566         driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
 567         To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
 568         at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
 569         <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
 570         reboot the system.</para>
 571
 572       <para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
 573         updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
 574           class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
 575         argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
 576
 577       <para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
 578         &os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
 579         a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
 580         loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
 581         address.</para>
 582
 583       <important>
 584         <para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
 585           The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
 586           system.</para>
 587       </important>
 588
 589       <para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
 590         arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
 591         (<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
 592         has been added.</para>
 593
 594       <para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
 595         arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
 596         &powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
 597         concurrency.</para>
 598     </sect2>
 599
 600     <sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
 601       <title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
 602
 603       <para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 604         &man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
 605         increased.  The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
 606         the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
 607
 608       <para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
 609         and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
 610         &man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
 611     </sect2>
 612   </sect1>
 613
 614   <sect1 xml:id="drivers">
 615     <title>Devices and Drivers</title>
 616
 617     <para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
 618       device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
 619
 620     <sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
 621       <title>Device Drivers</title>
 622
 623       <para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
 624         &man.uhso.4;.</para>
 625
 626       <para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
 627         and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
 628         Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
 629         only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
 630         returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts.  As
 631         this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
 632         has been added.</para>
 633
 634       <para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
 635         added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
 636         support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
 637         later.</para>
 638
 639       <para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
 640         replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
 641         &man.sysctl.8; with individual
 642         <literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
 643
 644       <para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
 645         to create a
 646         <filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
 647         device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
 648         userspace.</para>
 649     </sect2>
 650
 651     <sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
 652       <title>Storage Drivers</title>
 653
 654       <para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
 655         sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
 656         device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
 657         3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
 658
 659       <para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
 660           sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
 661         providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers.  The
 662         &man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
 663         To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
 664         <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
 665         <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
 666         &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
 667
 668       <note>
 669         <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
 670           version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
 671           <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
 672           &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
 673       </note>
 674
 675       <para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 676         &man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
 677         limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
 678         and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
 679         to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
 680
 681       <para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
 682         been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
 683     </sect2>
 684
 685     <sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
 686       <title>Network Drivers</title>
 687
 688       <para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
 689         BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
 690         &man.bge.4;.</para>
 691
 692       <para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino&trade;
 693         Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
 694
 695       <para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino&trade;
 696         Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
 697         system.</para>
 698
 699       <para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
 700         removed.  Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
 701         advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
 702         the default driver for this hardware since
 703         &os;&nbsp;7.0.</para>
 704
 705       <para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
 706         sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
 707         device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
 708         Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
 709
 710       <note>
 711         <para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
 712           the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
 713           interface.</para>
 714       </note>
 715
 716       <para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
 717         sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
 718         updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
 719
 720       <para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino&trade;
 721         Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
 722
 723       <para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
 724         sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
 725         5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
 726
 727       <para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
 728         to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
 729
 730       <para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
 731         which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
 732         a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network.  The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
 733         analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
 734         for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
 735
 736       <para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
 737         &man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
 738         been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
 739         &man.me.4;.</para>
 740     </sect2>
 741   </sect1>
 742
 743   <sect1 xml:id="hardware">
 744     <title>Hardware Support</title>
 745
 746     <para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
 747       machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
 748       as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
 749       other sections of this document.</para>
 750
 751     <sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
 752       <title>Hardware Support</title>
 753
 754       <para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
 755         updated to support the &apple;&nbsp;MacMini 3,1.</para>
 756
 757       <para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
 758         as of &os;&nbsp;11.</para>
 759
 760       <para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
 761         hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
 762         <literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
 763         <acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
 764         and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
 765
 766       <para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
 767         subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
 768         certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
 769         PowerBook&nbsp;&reg;.</para>
 770
 771       <para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
 772         driver has been updated to correct performance counter
 773         sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
 774
 775       <para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
 776         sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
 777         <application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
 778         updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
 779         <literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
 780         added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
 781     </sect2>
 782
 783     <sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
 784       <title>Virtualization Support</title>
 785
 786       <para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
 787           Delivery</quote> feature of &intel;&nbsp;VT-x is enabled if
 788         supported by the CPU.  This feature can be disabled by running
 789         <literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
 790         Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
 791         <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
 792         <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
 793
 794       <para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
 795           Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU.  This
 796         feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
 797           hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>.  Additionally, to
 798         persist this setting across reboots, add
 799         <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
 800         <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
 801
 802       <para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
 803         &man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
 804
 805       <para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
 806         &man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
 807
 808       <para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
 809         been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
 810
 811       <para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
 812         bhyve.</para>
 813
 814       <para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
 815         sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
 816         <application>Xen</application> guest instance as
 817         <acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
 818         <acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
 819           Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
 820         I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
 821         tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
 822
 823       <para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
 824         been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
 825         devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
 826     </sect2>
 827
 828     <sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
 829       <title>ARM Support</title>
 830
 831       <para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
 832         ARM devices by default.</para>
 833
 834       <para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
 835         instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
 836         Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
 837
 838       <para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
 839         driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
 840         frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
 841         <acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
 842     </sect2>
 843   </sect1>
 844
 845   <sect1 xml:id="storage">
 846     <title>Storage</title>
 847
 848     <para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
 849       and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
 850
 851     <sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
 852       <title>General Storage</title>
 853       <para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 854         &man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
 855         replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
 856         with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
 857
 858       <para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 859         &man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
 860         non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
 861     </sect2>
 862
 863     <sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
 864       <title>Networked Storage</title>
 865
 866       <para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
 867         filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
 868         The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
 869         other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS&nbsp;X&trade;
 870         and Solaris&trade;.  The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
 871         a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
 872         is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
 873         and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
 874         daemons.</para>
 875     </sect2>
 876
 877     <sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
 878       <title>ZFS</title>
 879
 880       <para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
 881         statistics are now visible through the
 882         <literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;.  As a result of this
 883         change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
 884         &man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
 885         <literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
 886         &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
 887     </sect2>
 888
 889     <sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
 890       <title>&man.geom.4;</title>
 891
 892       <para revision="267359">Support for the
 893         <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
 894         added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
 895     </sect2>
 896   </sect1>
 897
 898   <sect1 xml:id="boot">
 899     <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
 900
 901     <para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
 902       boot-related changes.</para>
 903
 904     <sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
 905       <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
 906
 907       <para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
 908         default system console driver.  The &man.syscons.4; driver is
 909         still available, and can be enabled by adding
 910         <literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
 911         Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
 912         entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
 913         &man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
 914     </sect2>
 915
 916     <sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
 917       <title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
 918
 919       <para>&nbsp;</para>
 920     </sect2>
 921   </sect1>
 922
 923   <sect1 xml:id="network">
 924     <title>Networking</title>
 925
 926     <para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
 927       &os;.</para>
 928
 929     <sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
 930       <title>Network Procols</title>
 931
 932       <para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
 933         protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
 934         &os;&nbsp;11 and later releases.</para>
 935
 936       <para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
 937         sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
 938         blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
 939         added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default.  New
 940         control tunables have been added:</para>
 941
 942       <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
 943         <tgroup cols="2">
 944           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
 945           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
 946           <thead>
 947             <row>
 948               <entry>Tunable</entry>
 949               <entry>Description</entry>
 950             </row>
 951           </thead>
 952
 953           <tbody>
 954             <row>
 955               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
 956               <entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
 957                 blackhole detection</entry>
 958             </row>
 959
 960             <row>
 961               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
 962               <entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
 963             </row>
 964
 965             <row>
 966               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
 967               <entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
 968             </row>
 969           </tbody>
 970         </tgroup>
 971       </informaltable>
 972
 973       <para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
 974
 975       <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
 976         <tgroup cols="2">
 977           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
 978           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
 979           <thead>
 980             <row>
 981               <entry>Tunable</entry>
 982               <entry>Description</entry>
 983             </row>
 984           </thead>
 985
 986           <tbody>
 987             <row>
 988               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
 989               <entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
 990                 downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
 991             </row>
 992
 993             <row>
 994               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
 995               <entry>Number of times the blackhole
 996                 <acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
 997                 downshift</entry>
 998             </row>
 999
1000             <row>
1001               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
1002               <entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
1003                 connect after downshifting the
1004                 <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1005             </row>
1006           </tbody>
1007         </tgroup>
1008       </informaltable>
1009     </sect2>
1010   </sect1>
1011
1012   <sect1 xml:id="ports">
1013     <title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
1014
1015     <para>This section covers changes to the &os;&nbsp;Ports
1016       Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
1017       installation tools.</para>
1018
1019     <sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
1020       <title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
1021
1022       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1023     </sect2>
1024
1025     <sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
1026       <title>Packaging Changes</title>
1027
1028       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1029     </sect2>
1030   </sect1>
1031
1032   <sect1 xml:id="doc">
1033     <title>Documentation</title>
1034
1035     <para>This section covers changes to the &os;&nbsp;Documentation
1036       Project sources and toolchain.</para>
1037
1038     <sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
1039       <title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
1040
1041       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1042     </sect2>
1043
1044     <sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
1045       <title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
1046
1047       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1048     </sect2>
1049   </sect1>
1050
1051   <sect1 xml:id="releng">
1052     <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1053
1054     <para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
1055       &os;&nbsp;Release Engineering processes.</para>
1056
1057     <sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
1058       <title>Integration Changes</title>
1059
1060       <para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1061         Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1062         support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
1063         cloud hosting providers.</para>
1064
1065       <para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
1066         been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;.  By default,
1067         the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
1068         available.</para>
1069     </sect2>
1070   </sect1>
1071 </article>