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4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
6 <!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
8 <!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
10 <!ENTITY security SYSTEM "../../share/xml/security.xml">
11 <!ENTITY errata SYSTEM "../../share/xml/errata.xml">
13 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
14 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
17 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
20 <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
23 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
25 <!-- Last rev: 284814 -->
29 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
33 <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
43 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
44 a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
45 &release.branch; development line. This document lists
46 applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
47 release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
48 userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
53 <sect1 xml:id="intro">
54 <title>Introduction</title>
56 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
57 &release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or
58 deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on
59 upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
61 <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
62 which these release notes apply represents the latest point
63 along the &release.branch; development branch since
64 &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built,
65 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
67 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
69 <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
70 which these release notes apply represents a point along the
71 &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
72 the future &release.next;. Information regarding pre-built,
73 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
75 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
77 <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
78 &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be
79 found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
80 any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or
81 other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
83 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
84 &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
85 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
86 Handbook</link>.</para>
88 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
89 before installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
90 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
91 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
92 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
93 to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
94 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
96 <para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
97 features in &os; since &release.prev;. In general, changes
98 described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
99 specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
101 <para>Typical release note items document recent security
102 advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
103 support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
104 contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to
105 major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly
106 the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
107 between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
108 advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
112 <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
113 <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
115 <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
116 (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
117 using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade
118 procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
119 unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
120 &os; release. The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
121 the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
123 <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
124 base system from source code) from previous versions are
125 supported, according to the instructions in
126 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
129 <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
130 <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
134 <sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
135 <title>Security and Errata</title>
137 <para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
138 Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
140 <sect2 xml:id="security">
141 <title>Security Advisories</title>
146 <sect2 xml:id="errata">
147 <title>Errata Notices</title>
153 <sect1 xml:id="userland">
154 <title>Userland</title>
156 <para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
157 applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
159 <sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
160 <title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
162 <para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
163 includes files in the
164 <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
165 <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
166 directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
168 <para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
169 updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
170 <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
171 defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
174 <para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
175 &man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
177 <para revision="285169">The <application>ntp</application> suite
178 has been updated to version 4.2.8p3.</para>
181 <sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
182 <title>Userland Application Changes</title>
184 <para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
185 &google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
186 added, which provides access to functionality that is not
187 available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
190 <para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
191 &man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
192 &man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
193 <quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
195 <para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
196 devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
197 their device name instead of just the selector. Additionally,
198 an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
199 to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
202 <para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
203 has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. This allows
204 the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
205 device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
206 to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
208 <para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
209 devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
211 <para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
212 network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
215 <para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
216 updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
217 filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
218 Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
219 <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
222 <para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
223 to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
224 &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
226 <para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
227 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
228 ends event collection after the specified number of
231 <para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
232 to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
233 displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
236 <para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
237 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
239 <para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
240 updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
241 <literal>4295098369</literal> and
242 <literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
243 change, it would be possible for returned values to be
244 incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
246 <para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
247 updated to include three options used to print information
248 about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
250 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
252 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
253 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
256 <entry>Option</entry>
257 <entry>Output</entry>
263 <entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
264 <entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
269 <entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
270 <entry>The disk image file formats supported by
271 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
275 <entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
276 <entry>The partition schemes supported by
277 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
283 <para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
284 &man.dtrace.1; has been added. With this change,
285 &man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
286 <acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
289 <para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
290 updated to support capability mode provided by
291 &man.capsicum.4;.</para>
293 <para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
294 &man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
295 determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
297 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
298 has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
299 additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
301 <para revision="276893" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
302 &man.mkimg.1; utility has been updated to support the
303 <acronym>MBR</acronym> <acronym>EFI</acronym> partition
306 <para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
307 call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
308 &os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
310 <para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
311 &man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
312 administrative changes to individual devices, such as
313 attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
314 devices. The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
315 &man.devctl.3; library.</para>
317 <para revision="279122" contrib="sponsor"
318 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.netstat.1; utility has been
319 updated to link against the &man.libxo.3; shared
322 <para revision="279139">A new flag, <literal>-c</literal>, has
323 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility, which allows
324 specifying the capacity of the target disk image.</para>
326 <para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
327 &man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
329 <para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
330 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
331 been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
332 a previous upgrade has not been thoroughly completed.</para>
334 <para revision="280870">A regression in the &man.libarchive.3;
335 library that would prevent a directory from being included in
336 the archive when <literal>--one-file-system</literal> is used
337 has been fixed.</para>
339 <para revision="281311" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
340 &man.ar.1; utility has been updated to set
341 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS</literal> and
342 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT</literal> to disallow
343 directory traversal when extracting an archive, similar to
346 <para revision="281617">A race condition in &man.wc.1; that
347 would cause final results to be sent to &man.stderr.4; when
348 receiving the <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal has been
351 <para revision="282208" contrib="sponsor"
352 sponsor="&multiplay;">The &man.chflags.1;, &man.chgrp.1;,
353 &man.chmod.1;, and &man.chown.8; utilities now affect symbolic
354 links when the <literal>-R</literal> flag is specified, as
355 documented in &man.symlink.7;.</para>
357 <para revision="282608">The &man.date.1; utility has been
358 updated to print the modification time of the file passed as
359 an argument to the <literal>-r</literal> flag, improving
360 compatibility with the <acronym>GNU</acronym> &man.date.1;
361 utility behavior.</para>
363 <para revision="283961">The &man.pw.8; utility has been updated
364 with a new flag, <literal>-R</literal>, that sets the root
365 directory within which the utility will operate.</para>
367 <para revision="284297" contrib="sponsor"
368 sponsor="&clusterhq;">The &man.lockstat.1; utility has been
369 updated with several improvements:</para>
373 <para>Spin locks are now reported as the amount of time
374 spinning, instead of loop iterations.</para>
378 <para>Reader locks are now recognized as adaptive that can
383 <para>Lock aquisition events for successful reader try-lock
384 events are now reported.</para>
388 <para>Spin and block events are now reported before lock
389 acquisition events.</para>
393 <para revision="284589" contrib="sponsor"
394 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.fstyp.8; utility has been
395 updated to be able to detect &man.zfs.8; and &man.geli.8;
398 <para revision="284883">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
399 updated to include support for <literal>NTFS</literal>
400 filesystems in both <acronym>MBR</acronym> and
401 <acronym>GPT</acronym> partitioning schemes.</para>
403 <para revision="285253">The &man.quota.1; utility has been
404 updated to include support for <acronym>IPv6</acronym>.</para>
406 <para revision="285420">The &man.jail.8; utility has been
407 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
408 ensures a clean environment in the target jail when used.
409 Additionally, &man.jail.8; will run a shell within the target
410 jail when run no commands are specified.</para>
412 <para revision="285550">The &man.w.1; utility has been updated
413 to display the full IPv6 remote address of the host from which
414 a user is connected.</para>
416 <para revision="285685">The &man.jail.8; framework has been
417 updated to allow mounting &man.linprocfs.5; and
418 &man.linsysfs.5; within a jail.</para>
420 <para revision="285772" contrib="sponsor"
421 sponsor="&emcisilon;">The &man.patch.1; utility has been
422 updated to include a new option to the <literal>-V</literal>
423 flag, <literal>none</literal>, which disables backup file
424 creation when applying a patch.</para>
426 <para revision="286010" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
427 &man.ar.1; utility now enables deterministic mode
428 (<literal>-D</literal>) by default. This behavior can be
429 disabled by specifying the <literal>-U</literal> flag.</para>
431 <para revision="286289" contrib="sponsor"
432 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.xargs.1; utility has been
433 updated to allow specifying <literal>0</literal> as an
434 argument to the <literal>-P</literal> (parallel mode) flag,
435 which allows creating as many concurrent processes as
438 <para revision="286795">The &man.patch.1; utility has been
439 updated to remove the automatic checkout feature.</para>
442 <sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
443 <title>Contributed Software</title>
445 <para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
446 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
447 upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
449 <para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
450 version 20140101.</para>
452 <para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
453 been updated to version 3.4.</para>
455 <para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
456 been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
458 <para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
459 been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
461 <para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
462 <application>Clang</application> have been updated to
465 <para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
466 suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
467 patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
470 <para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
471 <application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
472 upstream revision r3136.</para>
474 <para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
475 utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
476 the base system. The <filename
477 role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
478 installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
481 <para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
482 object manipulation tools
483 <application>addr2line</application>,
484 <application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
485 <application>nm</application>,
486 <application>readelf</application>,
487 <application>size</application>, and
488 <application>strings</application> were switched to the
489 versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
491 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
492 has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
493 adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
496 <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
497 to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
499 <para revision="280932" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
500 <application>elftoolchain</application> utilities have been
501 updated to version 3179.</para>
503 <para revision="281316">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
504 to version 5.2.1.</para>
506 <para revision="281373">The &man.nvi.1; utility has been updated
507 to version 2.1.3.</para>
509 <para revision="281806">The &man.wpa.supplicant.8; and
510 &man.hostapd.8; utilities have been updated to version
513 <para revision="282089">The &man.unbound.8; utility has been
514 updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
516 <para revision="282434" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
517 &man.resolvconf.8; utility has been updated to version
520 <para revision="282613">The &man.nc.1; utility has been updated
521 to the OpenBSD 5.7 version.</para>
523 <para revision="284237">The &man.file.1; utility has been
524 updated to version 5.23.</para>
526 <para revision="284254"><application>bmake</application> has
527 been updated to version 20150606.</para>
529 <para revision="285229"><application>sendmail</application> has
530 been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with &os; 11.0 and
531 sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
532 default, i.e., they will not contain <quote>::</quote>. For
533 example, instead of <quote>::1</quote>, it will be
534 <quote>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1</quote>. This permits a zero subnet to
535 have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
536 IPv6:0:0 versus IPv6:0. This change requires that
537 configuration data (including maps, files, classes, custom
538 ruleset, etc.) must use the same format, so make certain such
539 configuration data is upgrading. As a very simple check
540 search for patterns like 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.
541 To return to the old behavior, set the m4 option
542 <literal>confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES</literal> or the cf
543 option <literal>UseCompressedIPv6Addresses</literal>.</para>
545 <para revision="285275">The &man.tcpdump.1; utility has been
546 updated to version 4.7.4.</para>
548 <para revision="285329"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
549 been updated to version 1.0.1p.</para>
551 <para revision="285642" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&dell;">The
552 &man.ssh.1; utility has been updated to re-implement hostname
553 canonicalization before locating the host in
554 <filename>known_hosts</filename>.</para>
556 <para revision="285972">The &man.libarchive.3; library has been
557 updated to properly skip a sparse file entry in a &man.tar.1;
558 file, which would previously produce errors.</para>
560 <para revision="286503">The <application>apr</application>
561 library used by &man.svnlite.1; has been updated to version
564 <para revision="286505">The <application>serf</application>
565 library used by &man.svnlite.1; has been updated to version
568 <para revision="286505">The &man.svnlite.1; utility has been
569 updated to version 1.8.14.</para>
571 <para revision="286510">The <application>sqlite3</application>
572 library used by &man.svnlite.1; and &man.kerberos.8; has been
573 updated to version 3.8.11.1.</para>
575 <para revision="286750">Timezone data files have been updated to
576 version 2015f.</para>
578 <para revision="287168">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
579 updated to version 20150818.</para>
581 <para revision="288090">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
582 version 4.0.2.</para>
585 <sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
586 <title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
588 <para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
589 and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
590 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
592 <para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
593 &man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
594 <literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
595 <literal>off</literal> for the <filename
596 class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
597 contents of directories within <filename
598 class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
599 using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
600 <filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
602 <para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
603 updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
604 <acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
605 in a virtual machine, determined when the
606 <literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
607 <literal>1</literal>.</para>
609 <para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
610 updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
611 when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
613 <para revision="285557" contrib="sponsor"
614 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
615 aligning partitions on 1Mb boundaries has been added to
616 &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
618 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
619 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
620 a workaround for various laptops and motherboards that do not
621 boot properly from <acronym>GPT</acronym>-partitioned disks
622 has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;. Additionally, the
623 <literal>active</literal> flag will be set on the partition
626 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
627 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for selecting the partitioning
628 scheme when installing on the <acronym>UFS</acronym>
629 filesystem has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
632 <sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
633 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
636 <para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
637 updated to allow configuring services in <filename
638 class="directory">${LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
639 If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
640 <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
642 <para revision="273955">A new &man.rc.8; script,
643 <filename>growfs</filename>, has been added, which will resize
644 the root filesystem on boot if <filename>/firstboot</filename>
647 <para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
648 &man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system. An
649 equivalent script is available from the <filename
650 role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
652 <para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
653 sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
654 <filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
655 automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
659 <sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
660 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
663 <para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
664 <filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
665 crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
666 <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
668 <para revision="277216" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
669 &man.periodic.8; script,
670 <filename>510.status-world-kernel</filename>, has been added,
671 which evaluates the running userland and kernel versions from
672 the &man.uname.1; <literal>-U</literal> and
673 <literal>-K</literal> arguments, and prints an error if the
674 system userland and kernel are not in sync.</para>
677 <sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
678 <title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
680 <para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
681 format has been changed to
682 <literal>$2b$</literal>.</para>
684 <para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
685 statically linked in software within the base system, and the
686 shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
687 Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
689 <para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
690 updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
691 features <literal>%U</literal> and
692 <literal>%W</literal>.</para>
694 <para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
695 sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
696 changed to always return the path name of the
697 <acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
698 <literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
700 <para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
701 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
702 imported to the base system.</para>
704 <para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
705 userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
706 has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
707 applications to work over compatible
708 <acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
710 <para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
711 providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
714 <para revision="275800" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
715 &man.procctl.2; system call has been updated to include
716 a facility for non-&man.init.8; processes to be declared as
717 the reaper of child processes and their decendants.</para>
719 <para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
720 <literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
721 added. See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
723 <para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
724 has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
725 allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
726 userland applications and libraries without also linking
727 against &man.elf.3;.</para>
729 <para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
730 updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
733 <para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
734 updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
735 platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
738 <para revision="281130">Several standard include headers have
739 been updated to use of <application>gcc</application>
740 attributes, such as <literal>__result_use_check()</literal>,
741 <literal>__alloc_size()</literal>, and
742 <literal>__nonnull()</literal>.</para>
744 <para revision="281845">Support for file verification in
745 <acronym>MAC</acronym> has been added.</para>
747 <para revision="282973" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
748 <literal>libgomp</literal> library is now only built when
749 building <acronym>GCC</acronym> from the base system. An
750 up-to-date version is available in the Ports Collection as
752 role="package">devel/libiomp5-devel</filename>.</para>
754 <para revision="282988">The <filename>stdlib.h</filename> and
755 <filename>malloc.h</filename> headers have been updated to
756 make use of the <application>gcc</application>
757 <literal>alloc_align()</literal> attribute.</para>
759 <para revision="284483" contrib="sponsor"
760 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; library
761 has been updated to support $2y$ hashes.</para>
763 <para revision="285277">The &man.execl.3; and &man.execlp.3;
764 library functions have been updated to use the
765 <literal>__sentinel</literal> <application>gcc</application>
769 <sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
770 <title>ABI Compatibility</title>
772 <para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
773 been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>. The
774 <literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
775 evaluated when building the <filename
776 role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
781 <sect1 xml:id="kernel">
782 <title>Kernel</title>
784 <para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
785 tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
788 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
789 <title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
791 <para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
792 functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
793 &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
794 Boost ™ enabled has been fixed.</para>
796 <para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
797 &man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
798 &os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
799 and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
800 checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
802 <para revision="271917">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
803 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gif.4; has
806 <para revision="271918">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
807 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gre.4; has
810 <para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
811 potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
812 at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
814 <para revision="280930" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&mitail;">The
815 kernel <acronym>RPC</acronym> has been updated to include
816 several enhancements:</para>
820 <para>The 45 MiB limit on requests queued for
821 &man.nfsd.8; threads has been removed.</para>
825 <para>Avoids unnecessary throttling by not deferring
826 accounting for completed requests.</para>
830 <para>Fixes an integer overflow and signedness bugs.</para>
834 <para revision="281261" arch="powerpc">Support for
835 &man.dtrace.1; has been added for the
836 Book-E ™.</para>
839 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
840 <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
842 <para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
843 kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
844 which enables application execution through emulators, such
845 as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
847 <para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
848 configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
849 driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
850 To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
851 at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
852 <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
853 reboot the system.</para>
855 <para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
856 updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
857 class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
858 argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
860 <para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
861 &os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
862 a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
863 loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
867 <para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
868 The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
872 <para revision="278338" arch="arm">A new module for creating
873 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> has been added for the Raspberry
876 <para revision="278340" arch="arm">The
877 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> module is now installed to
878 <filename class="directory">/boot/dtb/</filename> by
879 default for the Raspberry Pi system.</para>
881 <para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
882 arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
883 (<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
884 has been added.</para>
886 <para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
887 arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
888 &powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
891 <para revision="279824" arch="arm">A new module for creating
892 the <filename>dtb</filename> module for AM335x systems has
895 <para revision="281495" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
896 <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal> kernel configuration option has
897 been added for &os;/&arch.i386;, which instructs &man.pmap.9;
898 to use <acronym>PAE</acronym> format for page tables while
899 maintaining a 32-bit physical address size elsewhere in the
900 kernel. The use of this option can enhance application-level
901 security by enabling the creation of <quote>no execute</quote>
902 mappings on modern &arch.i386; processors. Unlike the
903 <literal>PAE</literal> option, <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>
904 preserves kernel binary interface (<acronym>KBI</acronym>)
905 compatibility with non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernels,
906 allowing non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernel modules and drivers
907 to work with a <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>-enabled kernel.
908 Additionally, system limits are tuned for 4GB maximum
909 <acronym>RAM</acronym>, avoiding kernel virtual address space
910 (<acronym>KVA</acronym>) exhaustion.</para>
912 <para revision="282215">The <literal>SIFTR</literal> kernel
913 configuration has been added, allowing building &man.siftr.4;
914 statically into the kernel.</para>
916 <para revision="282731" arch="arm">The &arch.arm; boot loader,
917 <filename>ubldr</filename>, is now relocatable. In addition,
918 <filename>ubldr.bin</filename> is now created during build
919 time, which is a stripped binary with an entry point of
920 <literal>0</literal>, providing the ability to specify the
921 load address by running <literal>go
922 ${loadaddr}</literal> in
923 <literal>u-boot</literal>.</para>
925 <para revision="282921" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&intelcorp;"
926 arch="amd64,i386">The &man.nvd.4; and &man.nvme.4; drivers are
927 now included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
928 configuration by default.</para>
930 <para revision="283959" contrib="sponsor"
931 sponsor="&limelight;">A new kernel configuration option,
932 <literal>EM_MULTIQUEUE</literal>, has been added which enables
933 multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver.</para>
936 <para>Multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver is not
937 officially supported by &intel;.</para>
940 <para revision="285142" contrib="sponsor"
941 sponsor="&netgate;">The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
942 configuration has been updated to include the
943 <literal>IPSEC</literal> option by default.</para>
945 <para revision="285387" contrib="sponsor"
946 sponsor="&norse;, &dell;">Initial <acronym>NUMA</acronym>
947 affinity and policy configuration has been added. See
948 &man.numactl.1;, and &man.numa.getaffinity.2;, for usage
951 <para revision="286231">The &man.pms.4; driver has been added
952 to the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel configuration for
953 supported architectures.</para>
956 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
957 <title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
959 <para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
960 &man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
961 increased. The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
962 the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
964 <para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
965 and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
966 &man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
968 <para revision="280308,280949" contrib="sponsor"
969 sponsor="&ix;, &ff;">The &man.devfs.5; device filesystem has
970 been changed to update timestamps for read/write operations
971 using seconds precision. A new &man.sysctl.8;,
972 <literal>vfs.devfs.dotimes</literal> has been added, which
973 when set to a non-zero value, enables default precision
974 timestamps for these operations.</para>
976 <para revision="282213" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
977 &man.sysctl.8;, <literal>kern.racct.enable</literal>, has been
978 added, which when set to a non-zero value allows using
979 &man.rctl.8; with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
980 A new kernel configuration option,
981 <literal>RACCT_DISABLED</literal> has also been added.</para>
983 <para revision="282901" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
984 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration now includes
985 <literal>RACCT</literal> and <literal>RCTL</literal> by
989 <para>To enable <literal>RACCT</literal> and
990 <literal>RCTL</literal> on a system using the
991 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration, add
992 <literal>kern.racct.enable=1</literal> to
993 &man.loader.conf.5;, and reboot the system.</para>
996 <para revision="283136" contrib="sponsor"
997 sponsor="&limelight;">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
998 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache.purgenow</literal>, has
999 been added, which when set to <literal>1</literal> during
1000 runtime will flush all
1001 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache</literal> entries.</para>
1003 <para revision="285524">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
1004 <literal>hw.model</literal>, has been added, which displays
1005 <acronym>CPU</acronym> model information.</para>
1007 <para revision="286591">The &man.uart.4; driver has been
1008 updated to allow tuning packets per second captured during
1013 <sect1 xml:id="drivers">
1014 <title>Devices and Drivers</title>
1016 <para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
1017 device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
1019 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
1020 <title>Device Drivers</title>
1022 <para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
1023 &man.uhso.4;.</para>
1025 <para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
1026 and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
1027 Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
1028 only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
1029 returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts. As
1030 this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
1031 has been added.</para>
1033 <para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
1034 added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
1035 support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
1038 <para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
1039 replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
1040 &man.sysctl.8; with individual
1041 <literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
1043 <para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
1045 <filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
1046 device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
1049 <para revision="280183">The <literal>drm</literal> code has
1050 been updated to match &linux; version 3.8.13.</para>
1052 <para revision="281440">The &man.psm.4; driver has been updated
1053 to include improved support for newer Synaptics ®
1054 touchpads and the ClickPad ® mouse on newer
1055 Lenovo ™ laptops.</para>
1057 <para revision="282783" arch="powerpc">Support for the Freescale
1058 <acronym>PCI</acronym> Root Complex device has been
1061 <para revision="285876">The &man.cyapa.4; driver has been added,
1062 supporting the Cypress APA I2C trackpad.</para>
1064 <para revision="285883">The &man.isl.4; driver has been added,
1065 supporting the Intersil I2C ISL29018 digital ambient light
1069 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
1070 <title>Storage Drivers</title>
1072 <para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
1073 sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
1074 device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
1075 3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
1077 <para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
1078 sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
1079 providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers. The
1080 &man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
1081 To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
1082 <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
1083 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
1084 &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
1087 <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
1088 version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
1089 <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
1090 &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
1093 <para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1094 &man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
1095 limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
1096 and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
1097 to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
1099 <para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
1100 been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
1102 <para revision="281387">The &man.hptnr.4; driver has been
1103 updated to version 1.1.1.</para>
1105 <para revision="285662">The &man.pms.4; driver has been added,
1106 providing support for the PMC Sierra line of
1107 <acronym>SAS</acronym>/<acronym>SATA</acronym> host bus
1111 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
1112 <title>Network Drivers</title>
1114 <para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
1115 BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
1118 <para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1119 Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
1121 <para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino™
1122 Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
1125 <para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
1126 removed. Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
1127 advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
1128 the default driver for this hardware since
1129 &os; 7.0.</para>
1131 <para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
1132 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
1133 device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
1134 Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
1137 <para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
1138 the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
1142 <para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
1143 sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
1144 updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
1146 <para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1147 Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
1149 <para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
1150 sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
1151 5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
1153 <para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
1154 to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
1156 <para revision="272906">The &man.pf.4; packet filter default hash
1157 has been changed from <literal>Jenkins</literal> to
1158 <literal>Murmur3</literal>, providing a 3-percent performance
1159 increase in packets-per-second.</para>
1161 <para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
1162 which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
1163 a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network. The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
1164 analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
1165 for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
1167 <para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
1168 &man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
1169 been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
1172 <para revision="278551">The &man.ral.4; driver has been updated
1173 to support the RT5390 and RT5392 chipsets.</para>
1175 <para revision="283514" contrib="sponsor"
1176 sponsor="&solarflare;">The &man.sfxge.4; driver has been
1177 updated to support Solarflare Flareon Ultra 7000-series
1180 <para revision="283766" contrib="sponsor"
1181 sponsor="&limelight;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
1182 with improved transmission queue hang detection.</para>
1184 <para revision="284125">The &man.cdce.4; driver has been updated
1185 to include support for the RTL8153 chipset.</para>
1187 <para revision="286441">The &man.iwm.4; driver has been imported
1188 from OpenBSD, providing support for &intel; 3160/7260/7265
1189 wireless chipsets.</para>
1191 <para revision="286829" contrib="sponsor"
1192 sponsor="&limelight;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
1193 to allow disabling <acronym>CRC</acronym> stripping.</para>
1197 <sect1 xml:id="hardware">
1198 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1200 <para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
1201 machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
1202 as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
1203 other sections of this document.</para>
1205 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
1206 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1208 <para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
1209 updated to support the &apple; MacMini 3,1.</para>
1211 <para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
1212 as of &os; 11.</para>
1214 <para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
1215 hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
1216 <literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
1217 <acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
1218 and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
1220 <para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
1221 subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
1222 certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
1223 PowerBook ®.</para>
1225 <para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1226 driver has been updated to correct performance counter
1227 sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
1229 <para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
1230 sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
1231 <application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
1232 updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
1233 <literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
1234 added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
1236 <para revision="281713" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1237 driver has been updated to support the Freescale e500
1240 <para revision="283766">The &man.ig4.4; driver has been added,
1241 providing support for the fourth generation &intel;
1242 <acronym>I2C</acronym> SMBus.</para>
1244 <para>The &man.uart.4; driver has been updated to support
1245 <acronym>AMT</acronym> devices on newer systems.</para>
1247 <para revision="285316" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
1248 arch="arm64">Initial <acronym>SMP</acronym> support has been
1249 added to the &os;/&arch.arm64; port.</para>
1252 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
1253 <title>Virtualization Support</title>
1255 <para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
1256 Delivery</quote> feature of &intel; VT-x is enabled if
1257 supported by the CPU. This feature can be disabled by running
1258 <literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
1259 Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
1260 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
1261 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1263 <para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
1264 Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU. This
1265 feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
1266 hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>. Additionally, to
1267 persist this setting across reboots, add
1268 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
1269 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1271 <para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1272 &man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
1274 <para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1275 &man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
1277 <para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
1278 been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
1280 <para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
1283 <para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
1284 sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
1285 <application>Xen</application> guest instance as
1286 <acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
1287 <acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
1288 Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
1289 I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
1290 tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
1292 <para revision="273375">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1293 updated to support &amd; processors with
1294 <acronym>SVM</acronym> and <acronym>AMD-V</acronym> hardware
1297 <para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
1298 been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
1299 devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
1301 <para revision="279957">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1302 updated to support <literal>DSM TRIM</literal> commands for
1303 virtual <acronym>AHCI</acronym> disks.</para>
1305 <para revision="281439" arch="arm">Support for the
1306 <application>QEMU</application> <literal>virt</literal> system
1307 has been added.</para>
1309 <para revision="282212" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1310 Hyper-V™ drivers have been updated with several
1311 enhancements:</para>
1315 <para>The &man.hv.vmbus.4; driver now has multi-channel
1320 <para>The &man.hv.storvsc.4; driver now has scatter/gather
1321 support, in addition to performance improvements.</para>
1325 <para>The &man.hv.kvp.4; driver has received several bug
1330 <para revision="282274">Support for &man.xen.4; para-virtualized
1331 <literal>domU</literal> kernels has been removed.</para>
1333 <para revision="284746" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1334 &man.hv.netvsc.4; driver has been updated to support checksum
1335 offloading and <acronym>TSO</acronym>.</para>
1337 <para revision="286062">The &man.xen.4; driver has been updated
1338 to include support for <literal>blkif</literal> indirect
1342 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
1343 <title>ARM Support</title>
1345 <para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
1346 ARM devices by default.</para>
1348 <para revision="266943" arch="arm">Support for the Exynos 5420
1349 Octa system has been added.</para>
1351 <para revision="267390" arch="arm">The <acronym>SMP</acronym>
1352 option has been enabled for all Exynos 5 systems supported by
1355 <para revision="268838" arch="arm">Support for the Toradex
1356 Apalis i.MX6 development board has been added.</para>
1358 <para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
1359 instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
1360 Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
1362 <para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
1363 driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
1364 frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
1365 <acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
1367 <para revision="277042" arch="arm">Support to turn off the
1368 BeagleBone Black system with the &man.shutdown.8;
1369 <literal>-p</literal> flag or by invoking &man.poweroff.8; has
1372 <para revision="277644" arch="arm">Audio transmission drivers
1373 have been added for Digital Audio Multiplexer
1374 (<acronym>AUDMUXM</acronym>), Smart Direct Memory Access
1375 Controller (<acronym>SDMA</acronym>), and Syncronous Serial
1376 Interface (<acronym>SSI</acronym>).</para>
1378 <para revision="280259" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1379 support for the ARM AArch64 architecture has been
1382 <para revision="282779" arch="arm">Kernel support for Thumb-2
1383 userland has been added.</para>
1385 <para revision="282827">Support for the hardware power button
1386 on the BeagleBone Black system has been added.</para>
1388 <para revision="284273" contrib="sponsor"
1389 sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1390 <acronym>ACPI</acronym> support has been added for
1391 &os;/&arch.arm64;.</para>
1395 <sect1 xml:id="storage">
1396 <title>Storage</title>
1398 <para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
1399 and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
1401 <sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
1402 <title>General Storage</title>
1404 <para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1405 &man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
1406 replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
1407 with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
1409 <para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1410 &man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
1411 non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
1413 <para revision="275681" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1414 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1415 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-media</literal>, which
1416 allows automatically mounting removable media, such as
1417 <acronym>CD</acronym> drives or <acronym>USB</acronym> flash
1420 <para revision="279955" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1421 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1422 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-noauto</literal>, which
1423 handles &man.fstab.5; entries set to
1424 <literal>noauto</literal>.</para>
1426 <para revision="286444">The <acronym>GELI</acronym> class has
1427 been updated to support the <literal>BIO_DELETE</literal>
1428 &man.g.bio.9; <literal>bio_cmd</literal> field, providing
1429 <acronym>TRIM</acronym>/<acronym>UNMAP</acronym> support on
1430 <acronym>GELI</acronym>-backed <acronym>SSD</acronym> storage
1434 <sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
1435 <title>Networked Storage</title>
1437 <para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
1438 filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
1439 The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
1440 other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS X™
1441 and Solaris™. The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
1442 a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
1443 is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
1444 and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
1447 <para revision="273849" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Support
1448 for the <literal>timeo</literal>, <literal>actimeo</literal>,
1449 <literal>noac</literal>, and <literal>proto</literal> options
1450 have been added to &man.mount.nfs.8;.</para>
1453 <sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
1456 <para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
1457 statistics are now visible through the
1458 <literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;. As a result of this
1459 change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
1460 &man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
1461 <literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
1462 &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
1465 <sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
1466 <title>&man.geom.4;</title>
1468 <para revision="267359">Support for the
1469 <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
1470 added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1472 <para revision="282465">Support for the
1473 <literal>apple-boot</literal>, <literal>apple-hfs</literal>,
1474 and <literal>apple-ufs</literal> <acronym>MBR</acronym>
1475 partitioning schemes have been added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1477 <para revision="285594" contrib="sponsor"
1478 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.gpart.8; utility has been
1479 updated to include a new attribute for <acronym>GPT</acronym>
1480 partitions, <literal>lenovofix</literal>, which when set,
1481 which works around <acronym>BIOS</acronym> compatibility
1482 issues reported on several Lenovo ™ laptops.</para>
1486 <sect1 xml:id="boot">
1487 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1489 <para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
1490 boot-related changes.</para>
1492 <sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
1493 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1495 <para revision="258431" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1496 memory test run at boot time on &os;/&arch.amd64; platforms
1497 has been disabled by default.</para>
1499 <para revision="262955">A new &man.ttys.5; class,
1500 <literal>3wire</literal>, has been added. This is similar to
1501 the existing terminal classes, but does not have a defined
1504 <para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
1505 default system console driver. The &man.syscons.4; driver is
1506 still available, and can be enabled by adding
1507 <literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
1508 Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
1509 entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
1510 &man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
1512 <para revision="279950">Support for <literal>bzipfs</literal>
1513 has been added to the <acronym>EFI</acronym> loader.</para>
1515 <para revision="281616">The boot loader has been updated to
1516 support entering the <acronym>GELI</acronym> passphrase before
1517 loading the kernel. To enable this behavior, add
1518 <literal>geom_eli_passphrase_prompt="YES"</literal> to
1519 &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
1521 <para revision="284683" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
1522 arch="arm">The &man.ttys.5; file for &os;/&arch.arm; has been
1523 updated to enable <filename>ttyu1</filename>,
1524 <filename>ttyu2</filename>, and <filename>ttyu3</filename> by
1525 default, if the callin port is an active console port.</para>
1528 <sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
1529 <title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
1535 <sect1 xml:id="network">
1536 <title>Networking</title>
1538 <para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
1541 <sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
1542 <title>Network Protocols</title>
1544 <para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
1545 protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
1546 &os; 11 and later releases.</para>
1548 <para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
1549 sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1550 blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
1551 added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default. New
1552 control tunables have been added:</para>
1554 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1556 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1557 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1560 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1561 <entry>Description</entry>
1567 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
1568 <entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1569 blackhole detection</entry>
1573 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1574 <entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
1578 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1579 <entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
1585 <para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
1587 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1589 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1590 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1593 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1594 <entry>Description</entry>
1600 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
1601 <entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
1602 downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1606 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
1607 <entry>Number of times the blackhole
1608 <acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
1613 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
1614 <entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
1615 connect after downshifting the
1616 <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1622 <para revision="280971" contrib="sponsor"
1623 sponsor="&netflix;, &nginx;">Support for <acronym>IP</acronym>
1624 identification for atomic datagrams (<acronym>RFC</acronym>
1625 6864) has been added. Support for this feature can be toggled
1626 with the <literal>net.inet.ip.rfc6864</literal>
1627 &man.sysctl.8;, which is enabled by default.</para>
1629 <para revision="285336" contrib="sponsor"
1630 sponsor="&netgate;">The <acronym>IPSEC</acronym> has been
1631 updated to include support for <acronym>AES</acronym> modes on
1632 both software-only and hardware-backed (&man.aesni.4;)
1637 <sect1 xml:id="ports">
1638 <title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
1640 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Ports
1641 Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
1642 installation tools.</para>
1644 <sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
1645 <title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
1650 <sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
1651 <title>Packaging Changes</title>
1657 <sect1 xml:id="doc">
1658 <title>Documentation</title>
1660 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Documentation
1661 Project sources and toolchain.</para>
1663 <sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
1664 <title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
1669 <sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
1670 <title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
1676 <sect1 xml:id="releng">
1677 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1679 <para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
1680 &os; Release Engineering processes.</para>
1682 <sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
1683 <title>Integration Changes</title>
1685 <para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1686 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1687 support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
1688 cloud hosting providers.</para>
1690 <para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
1691 been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;. By default,
1692 the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
1695 <para revision="281802" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1696 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1697 support for building &os;/&arch.arm64; virtual machine and
1698 memory stick installation images.</para>
1700 <para revision="282693" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1701 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to support
1702 building &os;/&arch.arm; images without external utilities for
1703 supported boards where a corresponding
1704 <literal>u-boot</literal> port exists in the Ports
1707 <para revision="283307" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1708 &os;/&arch.i386; memory stick installation images are now
1709 created using the &man.mkimg.1; utility, matching the way
1710 the &os;/&arch.amd64; images are created.</para>