1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16 the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17 older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
19 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 11.x IS SLOW:
20 FreeBSD 11.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
24 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
25 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
26 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
30 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
35 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
36 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
37 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
39 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
40 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
43 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
44 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
45 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
46 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
47 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
48 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
49 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
50 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
51 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
52 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
53 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
54 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
57 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
58 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
60 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
61 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
62 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
64 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
65 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
67 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
68 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
69 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
71 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
72 entopy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
73 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
74 and it is assumed you know what you need.
76 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
77 habit of tweeking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
78 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
79 behaviour from your security subsystems.
81 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
82 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
83 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
84 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
85 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
86 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
87 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
88 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
92 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
93 entry below has been been committed in revision 284717.
96 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
97 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
100 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
101 below has been been committed in revision 284436. The work
102 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
103 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
104 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
107 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
108 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
109 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
110 with Kyuafile and kyua.
113 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
114 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
115 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
116 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
117 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
118 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
119 2048 bit DH parameter by:
121 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
122 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
123 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
125 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
126 a file path, create a new file with:
127 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
128 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
129 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
131 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
133 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
137 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
138 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
139 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
140 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
143 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
146 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
147 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
148 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
151 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
152 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
155 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
156 same but content is different now
157 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
158 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
159 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
160 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
161 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
164 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
165 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
166 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
169 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
170 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
173 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
174 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
177 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
178 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
179 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
182 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
183 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
184 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
185 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
188 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
189 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
190 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
193 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
194 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
195 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
196 kernel before rebooting.
199 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
200 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
201 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
202 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
203 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
204 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
207 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
208 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
212 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
213 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
214 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
217 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
218 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
219 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
220 are not already using 3.5.0.
223 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
224 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
225 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
226 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
227 binutils tools, if necessary.
230 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
231 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
232 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
233 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
236 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
237 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
240 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
242 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
243 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
244 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
245 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
246 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
247 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
250 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
251 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
254 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
255 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
256 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
257 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
259 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
260 the instructions for 9.x above.
262 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
263 default, and do not build clang.
265 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
266 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
267 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
269 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
270 the following are most likely to appear:
274 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
275 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
276 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
277 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
278 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
279 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
280 cast, or disable the warning.
282 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
283 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
284 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
285 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
288 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
289 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
291 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
292 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
293 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
294 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
296 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
297 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
298 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
299 unreachable could be optimized away.
302 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
303 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
304 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
305 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
306 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
307 the utilities will report errors.
310 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
311 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
312 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
313 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
314 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
318 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
319 has been obsolete for a very long time.
322 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
323 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
324 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
327 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
328 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
329 indicate what you need to do.
331 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
332 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
333 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
335 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
336 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
340 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
341 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
345 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
346 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
350 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
354 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
355 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
356 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
357 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
358 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
359 their next update cycle.
362 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
363 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
364 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
365 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
369 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
370 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
373 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
374 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
375 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
376 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
377 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
381 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
382 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
384 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
387 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
388 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
389 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
390 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
394 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
395 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
399 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
400 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
401 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
402 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
403 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
406 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
407 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
408 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
411 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
412 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
413 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
416 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
417 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
418 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
419 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
420 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
421 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
422 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
425 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
426 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
427 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
430 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
431 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
432 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
433 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
434 be removed during a clean upgrade.
437 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
440 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
441 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
445 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
446 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
447 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
448 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
449 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
450 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
451 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
452 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
453 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
454 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
455 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
456 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
458 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
459 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
460 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
464 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
465 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
468 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
469 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
470 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
471 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
472 build hosts for older releases.
474 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
475 r276991, respectively.
478 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
479 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
480 will silently lack HESIOD.
483 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
484 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
485 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
486 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
487 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
488 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
489 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
490 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
491 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
492 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
493 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
494 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
497 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
498 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
499 with command line option -W.
502 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
503 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
504 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
505 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
506 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
509 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
512 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
513 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
516 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
517 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
518 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
519 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
520 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
523 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
524 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
525 kernel is still highly recommended.
528 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
529 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
530 capability mode support in kernel.
533 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
534 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
535 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
536 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
537 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
540 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
541 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
542 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
543 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
544 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
545 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
548 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
549 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
550 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
551 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
552 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
553 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
554 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
555 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
556 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
559 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
560 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
561 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
562 should change your settings to use the latter.
565 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
566 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
567 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
568 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
569 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
572 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
573 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
574 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
576 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
578 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
581 The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
582 configuration file. The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
583 for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
584 /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
585 This is transparently backward compatible. See below about some
586 incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
588 These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
589 file. One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
590 a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
591 running the jail(8) utility. The default pathname of the
592 configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
593 using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
595 Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
596 this moment. Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
600 BIND has been removed from the base system. If all you need
601 is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
602 service instead. Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
603 available in the ports tree. The dns/bind99 port is one example.
605 With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
606 system. Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
607 in the base system. Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
608 be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
611 With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
612 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
613 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
616 OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
617 silently trust signed SSHFP records. This can be controlled with
618 the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting. DNSSEC support
619 can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
622 The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
623 are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
624 compiler. You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
628 The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
629 configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
630 If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
634 The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
635 in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
636 have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
637 following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
638 advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
639 kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
642 AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc. The AES-NI module
643 has been updated to use this support. A new gcc is required to build
644 the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
647 The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
648 Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
649 used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
652 WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets. WITH_ICONV now
653 enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
654 WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
655 compatability. Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
656 If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
657 need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
660 INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
661 Illumos origin, including ZFS. If you have INVARIANTS in your
662 kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
664 DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
665 locks if WITNESS option was set. Because that generated a lot of
666 witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
667 positives, this is no longer done. New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
668 can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
671 Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
672 of time_second. Although this is not a user-visible functional
673 change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
674 rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
678 find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
679 instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
680 not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
683 find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
685 Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
686 without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
687 directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
688 old as well as the new version of find.
691 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
692 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
693 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
694 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
695 subdirectories must be reviewed.
698 The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
699 incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
700 need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
702 To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
704 NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
705 users are advised to upgrade.
708 pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
709 you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
712 Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
713 keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
714 statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
717 Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
718 so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
720 NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
721 it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
722 overloading the machine.
725 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
726 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
727 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
728 write access to that file.
731 CVS has been removed from the base system. An exact copy
732 of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
735 Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
737 make: illegal option -- J
738 usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
740 *** [buildworld] Error code 2
742 this likely due to an old instance of make in
743 ${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
744 which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
745 you see the above error:
747 rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
752 Use bmake by default.
753 Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
754 -DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
755 make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
757 It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
758 line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
759 command line. Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
760 than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
761 behavior in parallel build.
764 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
767 The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
768 the IDEA patent expired.
771 The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
772 from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
776 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
777 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
778 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
779 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
780 the install command does not support -l, you will need to
781 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
782 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
786 Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
787 FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources. Kernel modules
788 atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
789 removed. Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
793 SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
794 and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
795 automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
796 binaries will not work on older kernels.
799 CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
800 information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
803 Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
804 so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
805 in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
806 by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
809 The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
810 but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
811 option) to save memory. To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
812 option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
813 in /boot/loader.conf.
816 The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
817 This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
818 initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
819 a CAM target device was created. This makes a FreeBSD system
820 unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
823 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please
824 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
826 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
827 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
830 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
831 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
832 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
833 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
834 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
837 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
838 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
839 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
840 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
841 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
845 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
846 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the
847 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
848 and the command line contained at least two files and a target
849 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M
850 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
851 use is expected to be extremely rare.
854 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
855 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
856 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
859 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
860 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
861 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
865 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To
866 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
867 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
872 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
873 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
874 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
877 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
878 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
879 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
880 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
881 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
882 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
885 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
886 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
887 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
888 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building
889 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
890 of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
891 build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
895 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
896 functionality now turned on by default.
899 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
900 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
901 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
902 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
903 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
904 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
905 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
906 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
907 of the two kernel options.
910 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
911 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
912 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
913 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
916 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
917 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
921 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
922 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
923 portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
926 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
927 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
928 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
929 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
930 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
933 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
934 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
935 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
936 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
939 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
942 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
943 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
944 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
948 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
949 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
953 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
954 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be
955 recompiled to work with the new kernel.
958 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
959 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
960 Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
961 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
962 device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
966 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
967 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
970 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
971 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
972 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
973 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
977 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
978 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
979 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
982 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring
983 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are
984 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
987 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
988 with other variables:
989 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
990 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
993 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort
994 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
995 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be
996 installed as "bsdsort".
999 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
1000 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
1001 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
1002 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
1003 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
1004 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
1005 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
1006 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1007 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1010 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
1011 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to
1012 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
1013 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
1014 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details
1015 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
1019 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb
1020 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is
1021 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party
1022 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian
1023 settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
1024 from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
1025 your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
1028 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
1032 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously
1033 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
1034 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
1035 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
1036 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
1037 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
1040 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
1041 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
1042 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile
1043 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
1044 comes from 20111215.
1047 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All
1048 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
1049 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
1050 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
1052 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
1053 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
1056 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
1057 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
1058 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
1060 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
1063 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
1064 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
1065 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
1066 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
1067 not supported anymore.
1069 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
1070 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
1071 need to be recompiled.
1074 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
1078 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
1079 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
1080 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
1084 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
1085 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
1088 sysinstall has been removed
1091 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
1092 RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
1098 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1099 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1100 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1101 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1102 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1103 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1104 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1106 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1107 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1108 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1109 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1110 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1112 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1113 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1114 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1115 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try
1116 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1118 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1119 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1120 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1121 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1125 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1128 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1129 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1131 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1133 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1134 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1135 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1137 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1141 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1142 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1143 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1145 make kernel-toolchain
1146 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1147 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1149 To test a kernel once
1150 ---------------------
1151 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1152 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1153 debugging information) run
1154 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1155 nextboot -k testkernel
1157 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1158 --------------------------------------------------------------
1159 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace
1160 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1161 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1163 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1164 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1165 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1170 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1172 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1173 -----------------------------------------------------------
1174 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1175 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1177 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1179 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1181 <reboot in single user> [3]
1188 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1189 --------------------------------------------------
1190 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1191 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1192 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1195 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1198 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1199 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1200 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1201 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1202 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1203 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1204 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1205 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1206 <reboot into current>
1207 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1208 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1212 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1213 ----------------------------------------------
1214 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1216 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1218 <reboot in single user> [3]
1225 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1226 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
1227 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1228 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1229 the UPDATING entries.
1231 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1232 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
1233 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1234 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1235 much fewer pitfalls.
1237 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1238 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1241 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1246 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
1247 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1248 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1250 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
1251 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1252 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1253 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1254 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1255 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
1256 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1258 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time
1259 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1260 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
1261 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1262 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1263 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1265 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1266 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1267 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1269 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1270 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1271 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1272 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1273 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
1274 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1276 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1277 last time you updated your kernel config file.
1279 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1280 cvs prune empty directories.
1282 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1283 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1284 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1286 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1287 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
1288 warn if it is improperly defined.
1291 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1292 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1293 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
1294 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1295 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1297 Copyright information:
1299 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
1301 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1302 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1303 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1305 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1306 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1307 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1308 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1309 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1310 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1311 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1312 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1313 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1314 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1315 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1317 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of