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4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
6 <!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
8 <!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
10 <!ENTITY security SYSTEM "../../share/xml/security.xml">
11 <!ENTITY errata SYSTEM "../../share/xml/errata.xml">
13 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
14 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
17 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
20 <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
23 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
25 <!-- Last rev: 284814 -->
29 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
33 <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
43 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
44 a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
45 &release.branch; development line. This document lists
46 applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
47 release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
48 userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
53 <sect1 xml:id="intro">
54 <title>Introduction</title>
56 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
57 &release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or
58 deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on
59 upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
61 <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
62 which these release notes apply represents the latest point
63 along the &release.branch; development branch since
64 &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built,
65 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
67 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
69 <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
70 which these release notes apply represents a point along the
71 &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
72 the future &release.next;. Information regarding pre-built,
73 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
75 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
77 <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
78 &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be
79 found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
80 any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or
81 other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
83 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
84 &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
85 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
86 Handbook</link>.</para>
88 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
89 before installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
90 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
91 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
92 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
93 to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
94 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
96 <para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
97 features in &os; since &release.prev;. In general, changes
98 described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
99 specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
101 <para>Typical release note items document recent security
102 advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
103 support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
104 contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to
105 major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly
106 the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
107 between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
108 advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
112 <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
113 <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
115 <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
116 (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
117 using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade
118 procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
119 unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
120 &os; release. The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
121 the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
123 <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
124 base system from source code) from previous versions are
125 supported, according to the instructions in
126 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
129 <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
130 <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
134 <sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
135 <title>Security and Errata</title>
137 <para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
138 Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
140 <sect2 xml:id="security">
141 <title>Security Advisories</title>
146 <sect2 xml:id="errata">
147 <title>Errata Notices</title>
153 <sect1 xml:id="userland">
154 <title>Userland</title>
156 <para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
157 applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
159 <sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
160 <title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
162 <para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
163 includes files in the
164 <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
165 <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
166 directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
168 <para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
169 updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
170 <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
171 defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
174 <para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
175 &man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
177 <para revision="285169">The <application>ntp</application> suite
178 has been updated to version 4.2.8p3.</para>
181 <sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
182 <title>Userland Application Changes</title>
184 <para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
185 &google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
186 added, which provides access to functionality that is not
187 available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
190 <para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
191 &man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
192 &man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
193 <quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
195 <para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
196 devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
197 their device name instead of just the selector. Additionally,
198 an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
199 to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
202 <para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
203 has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. This allows
204 the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
205 device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
206 to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
208 <para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
209 devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
211 <para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
212 network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
215 <para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
216 updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
217 filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
218 Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
219 <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
222 <para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
223 to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
224 &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
226 <para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
227 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
228 ends event collection after the specified number of
231 <para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
232 to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
233 displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
236 <para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
237 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
239 <para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
240 updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
241 <literal>4295098369</literal> and
242 <literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
243 change, it would be possible for returned values to be
244 incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
246 <para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
247 updated to include three options used to print information
248 about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
250 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
252 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
253 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
256 <entry>Option</entry>
257 <entry>Output</entry>
263 <entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
264 <entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
269 <entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
270 <entry>The disk image file formats supported by
271 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
275 <entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
276 <entry>The partition schemes supported by
277 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
283 <para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
284 &man.dtrace.1; has been added. With this change,
285 &man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
286 <acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
289 <para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
290 updated to support capability mode provided by
291 &man.capsicum.4;.</para>
293 <para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
294 &man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
295 determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
297 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
298 has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
299 additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
301 <para revision="276893" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
302 &man.mkimg.1; utility has been updated to support the
303 <acronym>MBR</acronym> <acronym>EFI</acronym> partition
306 <para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
307 call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
308 &os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
310 <para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
311 &man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
312 administrative changes to individual devices, such as
313 attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
314 devices. The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
315 &man.devctl.3; library.</para>
317 <para revision="279122" contrib="sponsor"
318 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.netstat.1; utility has been
319 updated to link against the &man.libxo.3; shared
322 <para revision="279139">A new flag, <literal>-c</literal>, has
323 been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility, which allows
324 specifying the capacity of the target disk image.</para>
326 <para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
327 &man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
329 <para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
330 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
331 been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
332 a previous upgrade has not been thoroughly completed.</para>
334 <para revision="280870">A regression in the &man.libarchive.3;
335 library that would prevent a directory from being included in
336 the archive when <literal>--one-file-system</literal> is used
337 has been fixed.</para>
339 <para revision="281311" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
340 &man.ar.1; utility has been updated to set
341 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS</literal> and
342 <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT</literal> to disallow
343 directory traversal when extracting an archive, similar to
346 <para revision="281617">A race condition in &man.wc.1; that
347 would cause final results to be sent to &man.stderr.4; when
348 receiving the <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal has been
351 <para revision="282208" contrib="sponsor"
352 sponsor="&multiplay;">The &man.chflags.1;, &man.chgrp.1;,
353 &man.chmod.1;, and &man.chown.8; utilities now affect symbolic
354 links when the <literal>-R</literal> flag is specified, as
355 documented in &man.symlink.7;.</para>
357 <para revision="282608">The &man.date.1; utility has been
358 updated to print the modification time of the file passed as
359 an argument to the <literal>-r</literal> flag, improving
360 compatibility with the <acronym>GNU</acronym> &man.date.1;
361 utility behavior.</para>
363 <para revision="283961">The &man.pw.8; utility has been updated
364 with a new flag, <literal>-R</literal>, that sets the root
365 directory within which the utility will operate.</para>
367 <para revision="284297" contrib="sponsor"
368 sponsor="&clusterhq;">The &man.lockstat.1; utility has been
369 updated with several improvements:</para>
373 <para>Spin locks are now reported as the amount of time
374 spinning, instead of loop iterations.</para>
378 <para>Reader locks are now recognized as adaptive that can
383 <para>Lock aquisition events for successful reader try-lock
384 events are now reported.</para>
388 <para>Spin and block events are now reported before lock
389 acquisition events.</para>
393 <para revision="284589" contrib="sponsor"
394 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.fstyp.8; utility has been
395 updated to be able to detect &man.zfs.8; and &man.geli.8;
398 <para revision="284883">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
399 updated to include support for <literal>NTFS</literal>
400 filesystems in both <acronym>MBR</acronym> and
401 <acronym>GPT</acronym> partitioning schemes.</para>
403 <para revision="285253">The &man.quota.1; utility has been
404 updated to include support for <acronym>IPv6</acronym>.</para>
406 <para revision="285420">The &man.jail.8; utility has been
407 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
408 ensures a clean environment in the target jail when used.
409 Additionally, &man.jail.8; will run a shell within the target
410 jail when run no commands are specified.</para>
412 <para revision="285550">The &man.w.1; utility has been updated
413 to display the full IPv6 remote address of the host from which
414 a user is connected.</para>
417 <sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
418 <title>Contributed Software</title>
420 <para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
421 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
422 upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
424 <para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
425 version 20140101.</para>
427 <para revision="261071">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
428 version 3.5.0.</para>
430 <para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
431 been updated to version 3.4.</para>
433 <para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
434 been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
436 <para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
437 been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
439 <para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
440 <application>Clang</application> have been updated to
443 <para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
444 suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
445 patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
448 <para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
449 <application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
450 upstream revision r3136.</para>
452 <para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
453 utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
454 the base system. The <filename
455 role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
456 installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
459 <para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
460 object manipulation tools
461 <application>addr2line</application>,
462 <application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
463 <application>nm</application>,
464 <application>readelf</application>,
465 <application>size</application>, and
466 <application>strings</application> were switched to the
467 versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
469 <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
470 has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
471 adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
474 <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
475 to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
477 <para revision="280932" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
478 <application>elftoolchain</application> utilities have been
479 updated to version 3179.</para>
481 <para revision="281316">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
482 to version 5.2.1.</para>
484 <para revision="281373">The &man.nvi.1; utility has been updated
485 to version 2.1.3.</para>
487 <para revision="281806">The &man.wpa.supplicant.8; and
488 &man.hostapd.8; utilities have been updated to version
491 <para revision="282089">The &man.unbound.8; utility has been
492 updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
494 <para revision="282434" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
495 &man.resolvconf.8; utility has been updated to version
498 <para revision="282613">The &man.nc.1; utility has been updated
499 to the OpenBSD 5.7 version.</para>
501 <para revision="283092">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
502 updated to version 20150515.</para>
504 <para revision="284237">The &man.file.1; utility has been
505 updated to version 5.23.</para>
507 <para revision="284254"><application>bmake</application> has
508 been updated to version 20150606.</para>
510 <para revision="284397">Timezone data files have been updated to
511 version 2015e.</para>
513 <para revision="285229"><application>sendmail</application> has
514 been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with &os; 11.0 and
515 sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
516 default, i.e., they will not contain <quote>::</quote>. For
517 example, instead of <quote>::1</quote>, it will be
518 <quote>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1</quote>. This permits a zero subnet to
519 have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
520 IPv6:0:0 versus IPv6:0. This change requires that
521 configuration data (including maps, files, classes, custom
522 ruleset, etc.) must use the same format, so make certain such
523 configuration data is upgrading. As a very simple check
524 search for patterns like 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.
525 To return to the old behavior, set the m4 option
526 <literal>confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES</literal> or the cf
527 option <literal>UseCompressedIPv6Addresses</literal>.</para>
529 <para revision="285275">The &man.tcpdump.1; utility has been
530 updated to version 4.7.4.</para>
532 <para revision="285329"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
533 been updated to version 1.0.1p.</para>
535 <para revision="285642" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&dell;">The
536 &man.ssh.1; utility has been updated to re-implement hostname
537 canonicalization before locating the host in
538 <filename>known_hosts</filename>.</para>
541 <sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
542 <title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
544 <para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
545 and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
546 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
548 <para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
549 &man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
550 <literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
551 <literal>off</literal> for the <filename
552 class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
553 contents of directories within <filename
554 class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
555 using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
556 <filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
558 <para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
559 updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
560 <acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
561 in a virtual machine, determined when the
562 <literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
563 <literal>1</literal>.</para>
565 <para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
566 updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
567 when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
569 <para revision="285557" contrib="sponsor"
570 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
571 aligning partitions on 1Mb boundaries has been added to
572 &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
574 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
575 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for detecting and implementing
576 a workaround for various laptops and motherboards that do not
577 boot properly from <acronym>GPT</acronym>-partitioned disks
578 has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;. Additionally, the
579 <literal>active</literal> flag will be set on the partition
582 <para revision="285679" contrib="sponsor"
583 sponsor="&scaleengine;">Support for selecting the partitioning
584 scheme when installing on the <acronym>UFS</acronym>
585 filesystem has been added to &man.bsdinstall.8;.</para>
588 <sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
589 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
592 <para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
593 updated to allow configuring services in <filename
594 class="directory">${LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
595 If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
596 <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
598 <para revision="273955">A new &man.rc.8; script,
599 <filename>growfs</filename>, has been added, which will resize
600 the root filesystem on boot if <filename>/firstboot</filename>
603 <para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
604 &man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system. An
605 equivalent script is available from the <filename
606 role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
608 <para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
609 sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
610 <filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
611 automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
615 <sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
616 <title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
619 <para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
620 <filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
621 crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
622 <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
624 <para revision="277216" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
625 &man.periodic.8; script,
626 <filename>510.status-world-kernel</filename>, has been added,
627 which evaluates the running userland and kernel versions from
628 the &man.uname.1; <literal>-U</literal> and
629 <literal>-K</literal> arguments, and prints an error if the
630 system userland and kernel are not in sync.</para>
633 <sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
634 <title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
636 <para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
637 format has been changed to
638 <literal>$2b$</literal>.</para>
640 <para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
641 statically linked in software within the base system, and the
642 shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
643 Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
645 <para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
646 updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
647 features <literal>%U</literal> and
648 <literal>%W</literal>.</para>
650 <para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
651 sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
652 changed to always return the path name of the
653 <acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
654 <literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
656 <para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
657 sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
658 imported to the base system.</para>
660 <para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
661 userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
662 has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
663 applications to work over compatible
664 <acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
666 <para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
667 providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
670 <para revision="275800" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
671 &man.procctl.2; system call has been updated to include
672 a facility for non-&man.init.8; processes to be declared as
673 the reaper of child processes and their decendants.</para>
675 <para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
676 <literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
677 added. See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
679 <para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
680 has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
681 allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
682 userland applications and libraries without also linking
683 against &man.elf.3;.</para>
685 <para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
686 updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
689 <para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
690 updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
691 platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
694 <para revision="281130">Several standard include headers have
695 been updated to use of <application>gcc</application>
696 attributes, such as <literal>__result_use_check()</literal>,
697 <literal>__alloc_size()</literal>, and
698 <literal>__nonnull()</literal>.</para>
700 <para revision="281845">Support for file verification in
701 <acronym>MAC</acronym> has been added.</para>
703 <para revision="282973" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
704 <literal>libgomp</literal> library is now only built when
705 building <acronym>GCC</acronym> from the base system. An
706 up-to-date version is available in the Ports Collection as
708 role="package">devel/libiomp5-devel</filename>.</para>
710 <para revision="282988">The <filename>stdlib.h</filename> and
711 <filename>malloc.h</filename> headers have been updated to
712 make use of the <application>gcc</application>
713 <literal>alloc_align()</literal> attribute.</para>
715 <para revision="284483" contrib="sponsor"
716 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; library
717 has been updated to support $2y$ hashes.</para>
719 <para revision="285277">The &man.execl.3; and &man.execlp.3;
720 library functions have been updated to use the
721 <literal>__sentinel</literal> <application>gcc</application>
725 <sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
726 <title>ABI Compatibility</title>
728 <para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
729 been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>. The
730 <literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
731 evaluated when building the <filename
732 role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
737 <sect1 xml:id="kernel">
738 <title>Kernel</title>
740 <para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
741 tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
744 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
745 <title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
747 <para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
748 functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
749 &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
750 Boost ™ enabled has been fixed.</para>
752 <para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
753 &man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
754 &os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
755 and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
756 checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
758 <para revision="271917">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
759 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gif.4; has
762 <para revision="271918">A kernel panic triggered when destroying
763 a &man.vnet.9; &man.jail.8; configured with &man.gre.4; has
766 <para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
767 potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
768 at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
770 <para revision="280930" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&mitail;">The
771 kernel <acronym>RPC</acronym> has been updated to include
772 several enhancements:</para>
776 <para>The 45 MiB limit on requests queued for
777 &man.nfsd.8; threads has been removed.</para>
781 <para>Avoids unnecessary throttling by not deferring
782 accounting for completed requests.</para>
786 <para>Fixes an integer overflow and signedness bugs.</para>
790 <para revision="281261" arch="powerpc">Support for
791 &man.dtrace.1; has been added for the
792 Book-E ™.</para>
795 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
796 <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
798 <para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
799 kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
800 which enables application execution through emulators, such
801 as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
803 <para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
804 configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
805 driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
806 To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
807 at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
808 <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
809 reboot the system.</para>
811 <para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
812 updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
813 class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
814 argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
816 <para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
817 &os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
818 a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
819 loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
823 <para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
824 The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
828 <para revision="278338" arch="arm">A new module for creating
829 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> has been added for the Raspberry
832 <para revision="278340" arch="arm">The
833 <filename>rpi.dtb</filename> module is now installed to
834 <filename class="directory">/boot/dtb/</filename> by
835 default for the Raspberry Pi system.</para>
837 <para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
838 arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
839 (<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
840 has been added.</para>
842 <para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
843 arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
844 &powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
847 <para revision="279824" arch="arm">A new module for creating
848 the <filename>dtb</filename> module for AM335x systems has
851 <para revision="281495" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
852 <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal> kernel configuration option has
853 been added for &os;/&arch.i386;, which instructs &man.pmap.9;
854 to use <acronym>PAE</acronym> format for page tables while
855 maintaining a 32-bit physical address size elsewhere in the
856 kernel. The use of this option can enhance application-level
857 security by enabling the creation of <quote>no execute</quote>
858 mappings on modern &arch.i386; processors. Unlike the
859 <literal>PAE</literal> option, <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>
860 preserves kernel binary interface (<acronym>KBI</acronym>)
861 compatibility with non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernels,
862 allowing non-<literal>PAE</literal> kernel modules and drivers
863 to work with a <literal>PAE_TABLES</literal>-enabled kernel.
864 Additionally, system limits are tuned for 4GB maximum
865 <acronym>RAM</acronym>, avoiding kernel virtual address space
866 (<acronym>KVA</acronym>) exhaustion.</para>
868 <para revision="282215">The <literal>SIFTR</literal> kernel
869 configuration has been added, allowing building &man.siftr.4;
870 statically into the kernel.</para>
872 <para revision="282731" arch="arm">The &arch.arm; boot loader,
873 <filename>ubldr</filename>, is now relocatable. In addition,
874 <filename>ubldr.bin</filename> is now created during build
875 time, which is a stripped binary with an entry point of
876 <literal>0</literal>, providing the ability to specify the
877 load address by running <literal>go
878 ${loadaddr}</literal> in
879 <literal>u-boot</literal>.</para>
881 <para revision="282921" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&intelcorp;"
882 arch="amd64,i386">The &man.nvd.4; and &man.nvme.4; drivers are
883 now included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
884 configuration by default.</para>
886 <para revision="283959" contrib="sponsor"
887 sponsor="&limelight;">A new kernel configuration option,
888 <literal>EM_MULTIQUEUE</literal>, has been added which enables
889 multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver.</para>
892 <para>Multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver is not
893 officially supported by &intel;.</para>
896 <para revision="285142" contrib="sponsor"
897 sponsor="&netgate;">The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
898 configuration has been updated to include the
899 <literal>IPSEC</literal> option by default.</para>
901 <para revision="285387" contrib="sponsor"
902 sponsor="&norse;, &dell;">Initial <acronym>NUMA</acronym>
903 affinity and policy configuration has been added. See
904 &man.numactl.1;, and &man.numa.getaffinity.2;, for usage
908 <sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
909 <title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
911 <para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
912 &man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
913 increased. The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
914 the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
916 <para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
917 and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
918 &man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
920 <para revision="280308,280949" contrib="sponsor"
921 sponsor="&ix;, &ff;">The &man.devfs.5; device filesystem has
922 been changed to update timestamps for read/write operations
923 using seconds precision. A new &man.sysctl.8;,
924 <literal>vfs.devfs.dotimes</literal> has been added, which
925 when set to a non-zero value, enables default precision
926 timestamps for these operations.</para>
928 <para revision="282213" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
929 &man.sysctl.8;, <literal>kern.racct.enable</literal>, has been
930 added, which when set to a non-zero value allows using
931 &man.rctl.8; with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
932 A new kernel configuration option,
933 <literal>RACCT_DISABLED</literal> has also been added.</para>
935 <para revision="282901" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
936 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration now includes
937 <literal>RACCT</literal> and <literal>RCTL</literal> by
941 <para>To enable <literal>RACCT</literal> and
942 <literal>RCTL</literal> on a system using the
943 <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration, add
944 <literal>kern.racct.enable=1</literal> to
945 &man.loader.conf.5;, and reboot the system.</para>
948 <para revision="283136" contrib="sponsor"
949 sponsor="&limelight;">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
950 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache.purgenow</literal>, has
951 been added, which when set to <literal>1</literal> during
952 runtime will flush all
953 <literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache</literal> entries.</para>
955 <para revision="285524">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
956 <literal>hw.model</literal>, has been added, which displays
957 <acronym>CPU</acronym> model information.</para>
961 <sect1 xml:id="drivers">
962 <title>Devices and Drivers</title>
964 <para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
965 device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
967 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
968 <title>Device Drivers</title>
970 <para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
973 <para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
974 and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
975 Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
976 only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
977 returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts. As
978 this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
979 has been added.</para>
981 <para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
982 added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
983 support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
986 <para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
987 replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
988 &man.sysctl.8; with individual
989 <literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
991 <para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
993 <filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
994 device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
997 <para revision="280183">The <literal>drm</literal> code has
998 been updated to match &linux; version 3.8.13.</para>
1000 <para revision="281440">The &man.psm.4; driver has been updated
1001 to include improved support for newer Synaptics ®
1002 touchpads and the ClickPad ® mouse on newer
1003 Lenovo ™ laptops.</para>
1005 <para revision="282783" arch="powerpc">Support for the Freescale
1006 <acronym>PCI</acronym> Root Complex device has been
1010 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
1011 <title>Storage Drivers</title>
1013 <para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
1014 sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
1015 device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
1016 3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
1018 <para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
1019 sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
1020 providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers. The
1021 &man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
1022 To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
1023 <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
1024 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
1025 &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
1028 <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
1029 version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
1030 <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
1031 &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
1034 <para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1035 &man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
1036 limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
1037 and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
1038 to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
1040 <para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
1041 been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
1043 <para revision="281387">The &man.hptnr.4; driver has been
1044 updated to version 1.1.1.</para>
1047 <sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
1048 <title>Network Drivers</title>
1050 <para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
1051 BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
1054 <para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1055 Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
1057 <para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino™
1058 Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
1061 <para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
1062 removed. Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
1063 advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
1064 the default driver for this hardware since
1065 &os; 7.0.</para>
1067 <para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
1068 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
1069 device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
1070 Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
1073 <para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
1074 the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
1078 <para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
1079 sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
1080 updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
1082 <para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
1083 Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
1085 <para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
1086 sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
1087 5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
1089 <para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
1090 to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
1092 <para revision="272906">The &man.pf.4; packet filter default hash
1093 has been changed from <literal>Jenkins</literal> to
1094 <literal>Murmur3</literal>, providing a 3-percent performance
1095 increase in packets-per-second.</para>
1097 <para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
1098 which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
1099 a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network. The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
1100 analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
1101 for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
1103 <para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
1104 &man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
1105 been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
1108 <para revision="278551">The &man.ral.4; driver has been updated
1109 to support the RT5390 and RT5392 chipsets.</para>
1111 <para revision="283514" contrib="sponsor"
1112 sponsor="&solarflare;">The &man.sfxge.4; driver has been
1113 updated to support Solarflare Flareon Ultra 7000-series
1116 <para revision="283766" contrib="sponsor"
1117 sponsor="&limelight;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
1118 with improved transmission queue hang detection.</para>
1120 <para revision="284125">The &man.cdce.4; driver has been updated
1121 to include support for the RTL8153 chipset.</para>
1125 <sect1 xml:id="hardware">
1126 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1128 <para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
1129 machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
1130 as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
1131 other sections of this document.</para>
1133 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
1134 <title>Hardware Support</title>
1136 <para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
1137 updated to support the &apple; MacMini 3,1.</para>
1139 <para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
1140 as of &os; 11.</para>
1142 <para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
1143 hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
1144 <literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
1145 <acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
1146 and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
1148 <para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
1149 subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
1150 certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
1151 PowerBook ®.</para>
1153 <para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1154 driver has been updated to correct performance counter
1155 sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
1157 <para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
1158 sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
1159 <application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
1160 updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
1161 <literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
1162 added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
1164 <para revision="281713" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
1165 driver has been updated to support the Freescale e500
1168 <para revision="283766">The &man.ig4.4; driver has been added,
1169 providing support for the fourth generation &intel;
1170 <acronym>I2C</acronym> SMBus.</para>
1172 <para>The &man.uart.4; driver has been updated to support
1173 <acronym>AMT</acronym> devices on newer systems.</para>
1175 <para revision="285316" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
1176 arch="arm64">Initial <acronym>SMP</acronym> support has been
1177 added to the &os;/&arch.arm64; port.</para>
1180 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
1181 <title>Virtualization Support</title>
1183 <para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
1184 Delivery</quote> feature of &intel; VT-x is enabled if
1185 supported by the CPU. This feature can be disabled by running
1186 <literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
1187 Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
1188 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
1189 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1191 <para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
1192 Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU. This
1193 feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
1194 hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>. Additionally, to
1195 persist this setting across reboots, add
1196 <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
1197 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
1199 <para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1200 &man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
1202 <para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
1203 &man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
1205 <para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
1206 been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
1208 <para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
1211 <para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
1212 sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
1213 <application>Xen</application> guest instance as
1214 <acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
1215 <acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
1216 Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
1217 I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
1218 tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
1220 <para revision="273375">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1221 updated to support &amd; processors with
1222 <acronym>SVM</acronym> and <acronym>AMD-V</acronym> hardware
1225 <para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
1226 been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
1227 devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
1229 <para revision="279957">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
1230 updated to support <literal>DSM TRIM</literal> commands for
1231 virtual <acronym>AHCI</acronym> disks.</para>
1233 <para revision="281439" arch="arm">Support for the
1234 <application>QEMU</application> <literal>virt</literal> system
1235 has been added.</para>
1237 <para revision="282212" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1238 Hyper-V™ drivers have been updated with several
1239 enhancements:</para>
1243 <para>The &man.hv.vmbus.4; driver now has multi-channel
1248 <para>The &man.hv.storvsc.4; driver now has scatter/gather
1249 support, in addition to performance improvements.</para>
1253 <para>The &man.hv.kvp.4; driver has received several bug
1258 <para revision="282274">Support for &man.xen.4; para-virtualized
1259 <literal>domU</literal> kernels has been removed.</para>
1261 <para revision="284746" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
1262 &man.hv.netvsc.4; driver has been updated to support checksum
1263 offloading and <acronym>TSO</acronym>.</para>
1266 <sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
1267 <title>ARM Support</title>
1269 <para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
1270 ARM devices by default.</para>
1272 <para revision="266943" arch="arm">Support for the Exynos 5420
1273 Octa system has been added.</para>
1275 <para revision="267390" arch="arm">The <acronym>SMP</acronym>
1276 option has been enabled for all Exynos 5 systems supported by
1279 <para revision="268838" arch="arm">Support for the Toradex
1280 Apalis i.MX6 development board has been added.</para>
1282 <para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
1283 instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
1284 Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
1286 <para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
1287 driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
1288 frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
1289 <acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
1291 <para revision="277042" arch="arm">Support to turn off the
1292 BeagleBone Black system with the &man.shutdown.8;
1293 <literal>-p</literal> flag or by invoking &man.poweroff.8; has
1296 <para revision="277644" arch="arm">Audio transmission drivers
1297 have been added for Digital Audio Multiplexer
1298 (<acronym>AUDMUXM</acronym>), Smart Direct Memory Access
1299 Controller (<acronym>SDMA</acronym>), and Syncronous Serial
1300 Interface (<acronym>SSI</acronym>).</para>
1302 <para revision="280259" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1303 support for the ARM AArch64 architecture has been
1306 <para revision="282779" arch="arm">Kernel support for Thumb-2
1307 userland has been added.</para>
1309 <para revision="282827">Support for the hardware power button
1310 on the BeagleBone Black system has been added.</para>
1312 <para revision="284273" contrib="sponsor"
1313 sponsor="&ff;">Initial
1314 <acronym>ACPI</acronym> support has been added for
1315 &os;/&arch.arm64;.</para>
1319 <sect1 xml:id="storage">
1320 <title>Storage</title>
1322 <para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
1323 and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
1325 <sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
1326 <title>General Storage</title>
1328 <para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1329 &man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
1330 replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
1331 with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
1333 <para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
1334 &man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
1335 non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
1337 <para revision="275681" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1338 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1339 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-media</literal>, which
1340 allows automatically mounting removable media, such as
1341 <acronym>CD</acronym> drives or <acronym>USB</acronym> flash
1344 <para revision="279955" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1345 &man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
1346 &man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-noauto</literal>, which
1347 handles &man.fstab.5; entries set to
1348 <literal>noauto</literal>.</para>
1351 <sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
1352 <title>Networked Storage</title>
1354 <para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
1355 filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
1356 The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
1357 other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS X™
1358 and Solaris™. The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
1359 a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
1360 is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
1361 and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
1364 <para revision="273849" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Support
1365 for the <literal>timeo</literal>, <literal>actimeo</literal>,
1366 <literal>noac</literal>, and <literal>proto</literal> options
1367 have been added to &man.mount.nfs.8;.</para>
1370 <sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
1373 <para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
1374 statistics are now visible through the
1375 <literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;. As a result of this
1376 change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
1377 &man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
1378 <literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
1379 &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
1382 <sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
1383 <title>&man.geom.4;</title>
1385 <para revision="267359">Support for the
1386 <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
1387 added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1389 <para revision="282465">Support for the
1390 <literal>apple-boot</literal>, <literal>apple-hfs</literal>,
1391 and <literal>apple-ufs</literal> <acronym>MBR</acronym>
1392 partitioning schemes have been added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
1394 <para revision="285594" contrib="sponsor"
1395 sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.gpart.8; utility has been
1396 updated to include a new attribute for <acronym>GPT</acronym>
1397 partitions, <literal>lenovofix</literal>, which when set,
1398 which works around <acronym>BIOS</acronym> compatibility
1399 issues reported on several Lenovo ™ laptops.</para>
1403 <sect1 xml:id="boot">
1404 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1406 <para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
1407 boot-related changes.</para>
1409 <sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
1410 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
1412 <para revision="258431" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1413 memory test run at boot time on &os;/&arch.amd64; platforms
1414 has been disabled by default.</para>
1416 <para revision="262955">A new &man.ttys.5; class,
1417 <literal>3wire</literal>, has been added. This is similar to
1418 the existing terminal classes, but does not have a defined
1421 <para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
1422 default system console driver. The &man.syscons.4; driver is
1423 still available, and can be enabled by adding
1424 <literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
1425 Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
1426 entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
1427 &man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
1429 <para revision="279950">Support for <literal>bzipfs</literal>
1430 has been added to the <acronym>EFI</acronym> loader.</para>
1432 <para revision="281616">The boot loader has been updated to
1433 support entering the <acronym>GELI</acronym> passphrase before
1434 loading the kernel. To enable this behavior, add
1435 <literal>geom_eli_passphrase_prompt="YES"</literal> to
1436 &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
1438 <para revision="284683" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
1439 arch="arm">The &man.ttys.5; file for &os;/&arch.arm; has been
1440 updated to enable <filename>ttyu1</filename>,
1441 <filename>ttyu2</filename>, and <filename>ttyu3</filename> by
1442 default, if the callin port is an active console port.</para>
1445 <sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
1446 <title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
1452 <sect1 xml:id="network">
1453 <title>Networking</title>
1455 <para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
1458 <sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
1459 <title>Network Protocols</title>
1461 <para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
1462 protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
1463 &os; 11 and later releases.</para>
1465 <para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
1466 sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1467 blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
1468 added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default. New
1469 control tunables have been added:</para>
1471 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1473 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1474 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1477 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1478 <entry>Description</entry>
1484 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
1485 <entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1486 blackhole detection</entry>
1490 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1491 <entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
1495 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1496 <entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
1502 <para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
1504 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1506 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1507 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1510 <entry>Tunable</entry>
1511 <entry>Description</entry>
1517 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
1518 <entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
1519 downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1523 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
1524 <entry>Number of times the blackhole
1525 <acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
1530 <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
1531 <entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
1532 connect after downshifting the
1533 <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1539 <para revision="280971" contrib="sponsor"
1540 sponsor="&netflix;, &nginx;">Support for <acronym>IP</acronym>
1541 identification for atomic datagrams (<acronym>RFC</acronym>
1542 6864) has been added. Support for this feature can be toggled
1543 with the <literal>net.inet.ip.rfc6864</literal>
1544 &man.sysctl.8;, which is enabled by default.</para>
1546 <para revision="285336" contrib="sponsor"
1547 sponsor="&netgate;">The <acronym>IPSEC</acronym> has been
1548 updated to include support for <acronym>AES</acronym> modes on
1549 both software-only and hardware-backed (&man.aesni.4;)
1554 <sect1 xml:id="ports">
1555 <title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
1557 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Ports
1558 Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
1559 installation tools.</para>
1561 <sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
1562 <title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
1567 <sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
1568 <title>Packaging Changes</title>
1574 <sect1 xml:id="doc">
1575 <title>Documentation</title>
1577 <para>This section covers changes to the &os; Documentation
1578 Project sources and toolchain.</para>
1580 <sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
1581 <title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
1586 <sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
1587 <title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
1593 <sect1 xml:id="releng">
1594 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1596 <para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
1597 &os; Release Engineering processes.</para>
1599 <sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
1600 <title>Integration Changes</title>
1602 <para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1603 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1604 support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
1605 cloud hosting providers.</para>
1607 <para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
1608 been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;. By default,
1609 the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
1612 <para revision="281802" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1613 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1614 support for building &os;/&arch.arm64; virtual machine and
1615 memory stick installation images.</para>
1617 <para revision="282693" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1618 Release Engineering build tools have been updated to support
1619 building &os;/&arch.arm; images without external utilities for
1620 supported boards where a corresponding
1621 <literal>u-boot</literal> port exists in the Ports
1624 <para revision="283307" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1625 &os;/&arch.i386; memory stick installation images are now
1626 created using the &man.mkimg.1; utility, matching the way
1627 the &os;/&arch.amd64; images are created.</para>