2 * This implements the various checks for CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY*,
3 * which are designed to protect kernel memory from needless exposure
4 * and overwrite under many unintended conditions. This code is based
5 * on PAX_USERCOPY, which is:
7 * Copyright (C) 2001-2016 PaX Team, Bradley Spengler, Open Source
10 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
12 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
15 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
18 #include <linux/slab.h>
19 #include <linux/sched.h>
20 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
21 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
22 #include <linux/thread_info.h>
23 #include <asm/sections.h>
26 * Checks if a given pointer and length is contained by the current
27 * stack frame (if possible).
30 * NOT_STACK: not at all on the stack
31 * GOOD_FRAME: fully within a valid stack frame
32 * GOOD_STACK: fully on the stack (when can't do frame-checking)
33 * BAD_STACK: error condition (invalid stack position or bad stack frame)
35 static noinline int check_stack_object(const void *obj, unsigned long len)
37 const void * const stack = task_stack_page(current);
38 const void * const stackend = stack + THREAD_SIZE;
41 /* Object is not on the stack at all. */
42 if (obj + len <= stack || stackend <= obj)
46 * Reject: object partially overlaps the stack (passing the
47 * the check above means at least one end is within the stack,
48 * so if this check fails, the other end is outside the stack).
50 if (obj < stack || stackend < obj + len)
53 /* Check if object is safely within a valid frame. */
54 ret = arch_within_stack_frames(stack, stackend, obj, len);
62 * If these functions are reached, then CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY has found
63 * an unexpected state during a copy_from_user() or copy_to_user() call.
64 * There are several checks being performed on the buffer by the
65 * __check_object_size() function. Normal stack buffer usage should never
66 * trip the checks, and kernel text addressing will always trip the check.
67 * For cache objects, it is checking that only the whitelisted range of
68 * bytes for a given cache is being accessed (via the cache's usersize and
69 * useroffset fields). To adjust a cache whitelist, use the usercopy-aware
70 * kmem_cache_create_usercopy() function to create the cache (and
71 * carefully audit the whitelist range).
73 void usercopy_warn(const char *name, const char *detail, bool to_user,
74 unsigned long offset, unsigned long len)
76 WARN_ONCE(1, "Bad or missing usercopy whitelist? Kernel memory %s attempt detected %s %s%s%s%s (offset %lu, size %lu)!\n",
77 to_user ? "exposure" : "overwrite",
78 to_user ? "from" : "to",
80 detail ? " '" : "", detail ? : "", detail ? "'" : "",
84 void __noreturn usercopy_abort(const char *name, const char *detail,
85 bool to_user, unsigned long offset,
88 pr_emerg("Kernel memory %s attempt detected %s %s%s%s%s (offset %lu, size %lu)!\n",
89 to_user ? "exposure" : "overwrite",
90 to_user ? "from" : "to",
92 detail ? " '" : "", detail ? : "", detail ? "'" : "",
96 * For greater effect, it would be nice to do do_group_exit(),
97 * but BUG() actually hooks all the lock-breaking and per-arch
98 * Oops code, so that is used here instead.
103 /* Returns true if any portion of [ptr,ptr+n) over laps with [low,high). */
104 static bool overlaps(const unsigned long ptr, unsigned long n,
105 unsigned long low, unsigned long high)
107 const unsigned long check_low = ptr;
108 unsigned long check_high = check_low + n;
110 /* Does not overlap if entirely above or entirely below. */
111 if (check_low >= high || check_high <= low)
117 /* Is this address range in the kernel text area? */
118 static inline void check_kernel_text_object(const unsigned long ptr,
119 unsigned long n, bool to_user)
121 unsigned long textlow = (unsigned long)_stext;
122 unsigned long texthigh = (unsigned long)_etext;
123 unsigned long textlow_linear, texthigh_linear;
125 if (overlaps(ptr, n, textlow, texthigh))
126 usercopy_abort("kernel text", NULL, to_user, ptr - textlow, n);
129 * Some architectures have virtual memory mappings with a secondary
130 * mapping of the kernel text, i.e. there is more than one virtual
131 * kernel address that points to the kernel image. It is usually
132 * when there is a separate linear physical memory mapping, in that
133 * __pa() is not just the reverse of __va(). This can be detected
136 textlow_linear = (unsigned long)lm_alias(textlow);
137 /* No different mapping: we're done. */
138 if (textlow_linear == textlow)
141 /* Check the secondary mapping... */
142 texthigh_linear = (unsigned long)lm_alias(texthigh);
143 if (overlaps(ptr, n, textlow_linear, texthigh_linear))
144 usercopy_abort("linear kernel text", NULL, to_user,
145 ptr - textlow_linear, n);
148 static inline void check_bogus_address(const unsigned long ptr, unsigned long n,
151 /* Reject if object wraps past end of memory. */
153 usercopy_abort("wrapped address", NULL, to_user, 0, ptr + n);
155 /* Reject if NULL or ZERO-allocation. */
156 if (ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(ptr))
157 usercopy_abort("null address", NULL, to_user, ptr, n);
160 /* Checks for allocs that are marked in some way as spanning multiple pages. */
161 static inline void check_page_span(const void *ptr, unsigned long n,
162 struct page *page, bool to_user)
164 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY_PAGESPAN
165 const void *end = ptr + n - 1;
166 struct page *endpage;
167 bool is_reserved, is_cma;
170 * Sometimes the kernel data regions are not marked Reserved (see
171 * check below). And sometimes [_sdata,_edata) does not cover
172 * rodata and/or bss, so check each range explicitly.
175 /* Allow reads of kernel rodata region (if not marked as Reserved). */
176 if (ptr >= (const void *)__start_rodata &&
177 end <= (const void *)__end_rodata) {
179 usercopy_abort("rodata", NULL, to_user, 0, n);
183 /* Allow kernel data region (if not marked as Reserved). */
184 if (ptr >= (const void *)_sdata && end <= (const void *)_edata)
187 /* Allow kernel bss region (if not marked as Reserved). */
188 if (ptr >= (const void *)__bss_start &&
189 end <= (const void *)__bss_stop)
192 /* Is the object wholly within one base page? */
193 if (likely(((unsigned long)ptr & (unsigned long)PAGE_MASK) ==
194 ((unsigned long)end & (unsigned long)PAGE_MASK)))
197 /* Allow if fully inside the same compound (__GFP_COMP) page. */
198 endpage = virt_to_head_page(end);
199 if (likely(endpage == page))
203 * Reject if range is entirely either Reserved (i.e. special or
204 * device memory), or CMA. Otherwise, reject since the object spans
205 * several independently allocated pages.
207 is_reserved = PageReserved(page);
208 is_cma = is_migrate_cma_page(page);
209 if (!is_reserved && !is_cma)
210 usercopy_abort("spans multiple pages", NULL, to_user, 0, n);
212 for (ptr += PAGE_SIZE; ptr <= end; ptr += PAGE_SIZE) {
213 page = virt_to_head_page(ptr);
214 if (is_reserved && !PageReserved(page))
215 usercopy_abort("spans Reserved and non-Reserved pages",
216 NULL, to_user, 0, n);
217 if (is_cma && !is_migrate_cma_page(page))
218 usercopy_abort("spans CMA and non-CMA pages", NULL,
224 static inline void check_heap_object(const void *ptr, unsigned long n,
229 if (!virt_addr_valid(ptr))
232 page = virt_to_head_page(ptr);
234 if (PageSlab(page)) {
235 /* Check slab allocator for flags and size. */
236 __check_heap_object(ptr, n, page, to_user);
238 /* Verify object does not incorrectly span multiple pages. */
239 check_page_span(ptr, n, page, to_user);
244 * Validates that the given object is:
245 * - not bogus address
246 * - known-safe heap or stack object
247 * - not in kernel text
249 void __check_object_size(const void *ptr, unsigned long n, bool to_user)
251 /* Skip all tests if size is zero. */
255 /* Check for invalid addresses. */
256 check_bogus_address((const unsigned long)ptr, n, to_user);
258 /* Check for bad heap object. */
259 check_heap_object(ptr, n, to_user);
261 /* Check for bad stack object. */
262 switch (check_stack_object(ptr, n)) {
264 /* Object is not touching the current process stack. */
269 * Object is either in the correct frame (when it
270 * is possible to check) or just generally on the
271 * process stack (when frame checking not available).
275 usercopy_abort("process stack", NULL, to_user, 0, n);
278 /* Check for object in kernel to avoid text exposure. */
279 check_kernel_text_object((const unsigned long)ptr, n, to_user);
281 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__check_object_size);