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32 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/systat/systat.1,v 1.23.2.9 2002/12/29 16:35:40 schweikh Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/systat/systat.1,v 1.5 2007/05/31 11:38:37 hasso Exp $
41 .Nd display system statistics on a crt
45 .Op Ar refresh-interval
49 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
50 using the curses screen display library,
55 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
56 is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
57 upper window depicts the current system load average. The
58 information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
59 user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user
60 input and error messages.
64 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
65 in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk
69 virtual memory statistics (a la
71 network ``mbuf'' utilization,
74 and network connections (a la
77 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
78 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
79 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
80 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This
81 allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
84 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
104 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
108 .It Ar refresh-interval
111 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
114 Certain characters cause immediate action by
121 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
122 the lower window and the refresh interval.
124 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
125 line typed as a command. While entering a command the
126 current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
130 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
134 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
136 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
139 Stop refreshing the screen.
144 Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric,
145 argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
147 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
152 (This may be abbreviated to
156 The available displays are:
159 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
160 memory and getting the
161 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
162 When less than 100% of the
163 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
164 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
166 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
167 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
169 The left half of the screen displays information about received
170 packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
175 display understands two commands:
181 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
182 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
184 show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
187 show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
189 show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
191 show the absolute value of each statistic
196 command resets the baseline for
200 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
203 This display is like the
206 but displays statistics for IPv6 ICMP.
208 Otherwise identical to the
210 display, except that it displays
219 except that it displays
229 Display, in the lower window, statistics about network throughput on
230 a per-interface basis.
232 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
233 and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as
234 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
235 in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
236 system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
237 and idle (``idle''). Statistics
238 on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
239 average number of disk transactions per second, and
240 average kilobytes of data per transaction. This information may be
241 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar
242 graphs are shown by default.
244 The following commands are specific to the
246 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
248 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
252 statistics in numeric form. Values are
253 displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
257 statistics in bar graph form (default).
259 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
261 not display kilobytes per transaction).
264 Show information about swap space usage on all the
265 swap areas compiled into the kernel.
266 The first column is the device name of the partition.
267 The next column is the total space available in the partition.
270 column indicates the total blocks used so far;
271 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
272 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
273 a total line is also shown.
274 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
276 Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
277 for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
279 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
280 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
281 device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk
285 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
286 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
287 and fifteen minute intervals.
288 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
289 The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
290 active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
292 The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
293 The first column reports on the number of physical pages
294 claimed by processes.
295 The second column reports the number of physical pages that
296 are devoted to read only text pages.
297 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
298 virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
299 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
300 Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages
303 Below the memory display is a list of the
304 average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
305 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
306 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
307 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
308 The row also shows the average number of context switches
309 (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
310 interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
313 Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
314 a bar graph showing the amount of
315 system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
316 nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
318 Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
319 It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
320 the number and percentage of the translations that were
321 handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
322 the number and percentage of the translations that were
323 handled by the per process name translation cache.
325 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
326 It reports the number of
327 kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
328 per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
329 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
330 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device. In general, up
331 to seven devices are displayed. The devices displayed by default are the
332 first devices in the kernel's device list. See
336 for details on the devstat system.
338 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
339 on paging and swapping activity.
340 The first two columns report the average number of pages
341 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
342 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
343 The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
344 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
345 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
346 The first row of the display shows the average
347 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
348 the second row of the display shows the average
349 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
351 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
352 memory system which list the average number of
353 pages copied on write (`cow'),
354 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
355 slow (on-the-fly) zero fills percentage (`%slo-z'),
356 pages wired down (`wire'),
357 active pages (`act'),
358 inactive pages (`inact'),
359 pages on the buffer cache queue (`cache'),
360 number of free pages (`free'),
361 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
362 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
363 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
364 times the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
365 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
367 intransit blocking page faults (`intrn')
368 per second over the refresh interval.
370 At the bottom of this column are lines showing the
371 amount of memory, in kilobytes, used for the buffer cache (`buf'),
372 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dirtybuf'),
373 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desiredvnodes') (mostly unused,
374 except to size the name cache),
375 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvnodes'),
377 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`freevnodes').
379 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
380 of the interrupts being handled by the system.
381 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
382 over the time interval.
383 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
385 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
387 The following commands are specific to the
389 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
391 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
393 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
395 Display statistics as a running total from the point this
398 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
400 Toggle the display of fd devices in the disk usage display.
402 Reset running statistics to zero.
405 Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default,
406 network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address
407 is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
408 when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
409 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
410 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
412 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
414 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
415 is the equivalent of the
420 Display network addresses numerically.
422 Display network addresses symbolically.
423 .It Cm proto Ar protocol
424 Display only network connections using the indicated
426 Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
427 .It Cm ignore Op Ar items
428 Do not display information about connections associated with
429 the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified
430 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses
431 use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items
432 may be specified with a single command by separating them with
434 .It Cm display Op Ar items
435 Display information about the connections associated with the
436 specified hosts or ports. As for
439 may be names or numbers.
440 .It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
441 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
442 hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored
443 are prefixed with a `!'. If
447 is supplied as an argument to
449 then only the requested information will be displayed.
451 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
452 (any protocol, port, or host).
456 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
457 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
458 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
459 insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10
462 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When
463 a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
464 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
466 The following commands are common to each display which shows
467 information about disk drives. These commands are used to
468 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
469 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
472 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
473 .It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
474 Do not display information about the drives indicated. Multiple
475 drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
476 .It Cm display Op Ar drives
477 Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple drives
478 may be specified, separated by spaces.
479 .It Cm only Op Ar drives
480 Display only the specified drives. Multiple drives may be specified,
483 Display a list of available devices.
485 .Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
488 Display devices matching the given pattern. The basic matching
489 expressions are the same as those used in
491 with one difference. Instead of specifying multiple
493 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
494 matching expressions joined by the pipe
498 separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
499 then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together. Any
500 device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
501 to display it. For example:
503 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
505 This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
507 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
509 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
510 and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
513 .Bl -tag -width /etc/networks -compact
517 For information in main memory.
548 the notion of having different display modes for the
554 statistics was stolen from the
562 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
565 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
566 a separate display rather than created as a new program).