1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.216 2012/07/06 06:38:03 jmc Exp $ */
3 * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4 * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
6 * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
8 * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9 * can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
10 * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11 * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12 * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
20 #include <sys/param.h>
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
45 #include "pathnames.h"
52 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
54 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key. This value can be set on the command line. */
55 #define DEFAULT_BITS 2048
56 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA 1024
57 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA 256
61 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase. This can be
62 * set on the command line.
64 int change_passphrase = 0;
67 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment. This can be set
68 * on the command line.
70 int change_comment = 0;
74 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
76 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
78 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
80 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
83 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
86 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
87 int print_fingerprint = 0;
88 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
90 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
91 char identity_file[1024];
92 int have_identity = 0;
94 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
95 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
97 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
98 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
100 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
101 char *identity_comment = NULL;
103 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
104 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
106 /* Certificate serial number */
107 long long cert_serial = 0;
109 /* Key type when certifying */
110 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
112 /* "key ID" of signed key */
113 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
115 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
116 char *cert_principals = NULL;
118 /* Validity period for certificates */
119 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
120 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
122 /* Certificate options */
123 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD (1)
124 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD (1<<1)
125 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD (1<<2)
126 #define CERTOPT_PTY (1<<3)
127 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
128 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
129 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
130 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
131 char *certflags_command = NULL;
132 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
134 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
136 int convert_from = 0;
141 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
142 int print_public = 0;
143 int print_generic = 0;
145 char *key_type_name = NULL;
147 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
148 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
151 extern char *__progname;
153 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
156 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
157 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
161 type_bits_valid(int type, u_int32_t *bitsp)
165 if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
166 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
171 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
172 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA)
173 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
175 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
177 maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
178 OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
179 if (*bitsp > maxbits) {
180 fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
183 if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
184 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
185 else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && *bitsp < 768)
186 fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
187 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && key_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
188 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
189 "256, 384 or 521 bits");
193 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
198 if (key_type_name == NULL)
199 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
201 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
203 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
206 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
208 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
210 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
213 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
217 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
219 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
222 fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
227 snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
228 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
229 if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
231 buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
232 if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
233 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
238 load_identity(char *filename)
243 prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
245 if (identity_passphrase)
246 pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
248 pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
250 prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
251 memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
257 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
258 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
259 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
260 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC 0x3f6ff9eb
263 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
269 if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
270 fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
273 if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
274 fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
277 /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
278 snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
279 "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
280 key_size(k), key_type(k),
281 pw->pw_name, hostname);
283 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
284 fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
285 dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
286 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
293 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
295 switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
298 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
299 fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
302 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
303 fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
305 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
307 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
308 fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
312 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
318 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
320 switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
323 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
324 fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
326 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
328 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
329 fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
334 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
340 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
346 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
347 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
348 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
349 if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
350 if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
351 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
356 switch (convert_format) {
358 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
361 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
364 do_convert_to_pem(k);
367 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
373 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
375 u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
376 u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
378 if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
379 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
380 "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
381 if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
382 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
383 buffer_consume(b, bytes);
387 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
392 u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
393 int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
398 buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
400 magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
401 if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
402 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
406 i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
407 type = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
408 cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
409 i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
410 i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
411 i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
412 debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
413 if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
414 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
422 if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
424 } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
431 key = key_new_private(ktype);
436 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
437 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
438 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
439 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
440 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
443 e = buffer_get_char(&b);
447 e += buffer_get_char(&b);
450 e += buffer_get_char(&b);
453 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
458 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
459 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
460 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
461 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
462 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
463 rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
466 rlen = buffer_len(&b);
468 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
469 "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
473 key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
474 key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
480 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
486 while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
487 if (pos >= len - 1) {
488 fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
494 if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
495 fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
510 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
520 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
521 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
523 while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
524 if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
526 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
527 strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
528 if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
530 if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
533 /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
538 /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
541 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
543 len = strlen(encoded);
544 if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
545 (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
546 (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
547 (encoded[len-3] == '='))
548 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
549 blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
551 fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
555 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
556 key_from_blob(blob, blen);
558 fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
565 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
570 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
571 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
572 if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
573 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
577 switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
579 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
580 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
581 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
584 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
585 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
586 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
588 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
590 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
591 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
592 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
593 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = key_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
597 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
598 EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
600 EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
605 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
613 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
614 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
615 if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
616 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
617 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
622 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
624 if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
625 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
626 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
633 fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
637 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
640 int private = 0, ok = 0;
644 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
645 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
646 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
648 switch (convert_format) {
650 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
653 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
656 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
659 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
663 ok = key_write(k, stdout);
665 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
669 ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
670 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
672 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
674 ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
675 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
679 ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
680 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
683 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
689 fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
697 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
703 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
704 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
705 perror(identity_file);
708 prv = load_identity(identity_file);
710 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
713 if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
714 fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
716 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
721 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
728 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
730 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
731 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
732 key_write(keys[i], stdout);
734 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
740 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
741 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
745 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
749 char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
750 int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
755 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
756 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
759 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
760 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
761 perror(identity_file);
764 public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
765 if (public != NULL) {
766 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
767 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
768 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
770 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
783 if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
784 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
786 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
787 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
788 error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
800 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
801 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
803 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
805 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
806 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
809 for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
810 *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
811 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
812 cp++; /* Skip both */
821 public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
822 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
825 public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
826 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
831 comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
832 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
833 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
834 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
835 comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
836 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
846 printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
853 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
857 char *key_type_display;
860 { "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
861 { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
862 { "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
863 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
864 { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
871 Key *private, *public;
876 for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
877 if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
879 if (errno != ENOENT) {
880 printf("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
888 printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
890 printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
893 type = key_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
894 strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
896 type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
897 private = key_generate(type, bits);
898 if (private == NULL) {
899 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
903 public = key_from_private(private);
904 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
906 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, "", comment)) {
907 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
915 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
916 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
918 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n",
926 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
931 if (!key_write(public, f)) {
932 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
937 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
947 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
949 if (print_fingerprint) {
954 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
955 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
956 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
957 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
958 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
960 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
965 if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
966 fatal("hash_host failed");
967 fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
968 if (!key_write(public, f))
969 fatal("key_write failed");
975 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
977 FILE *in, *out = stdout;
979 char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
980 char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
981 int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
984 if (!have_identity) {
985 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
986 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
987 sizeof(identity_file))
988 fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
992 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
993 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
996 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
997 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
999 if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1000 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1001 strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1002 strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1003 strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1004 fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1006 if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1007 fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1008 if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
1011 fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
1016 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
1017 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
1018 error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
1030 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
1031 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1033 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
1035 fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
1038 /* Check whether this is a CA key */
1039 if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
1040 (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
1041 cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
1043 cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
1047 /* Find the end of the host name portion. */
1048 for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
1051 if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
1052 error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
1060 pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
1061 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1064 pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
1065 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1066 error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
1074 if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
1075 if (find_host || delete_host) {
1076 cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
1078 error("line %d: invalid hashed "
1079 "name: %.64s...", num, line);
1083 c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
1084 if (find_host && c) {
1085 printf("# Host %s found: "
1086 "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1088 ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1089 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1091 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
1092 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1093 } else if (hash_hosts)
1094 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1096 if (find_host || delete_host) {
1097 c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
1099 if (find_host && c) {
1100 printf("# Host %s found: "
1101 "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1103 ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1104 printhost(out, name, pub,
1105 ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
1107 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
1108 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1109 } else if (hash_hosts) {
1110 for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
1111 cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
1112 cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
1114 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1115 "ignoring CA key for host: "
1117 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1118 } else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
1120 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1121 "ignoring host name with "
1122 "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
1124 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1126 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
1136 fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
1139 fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1140 "file because of errors\n");
1150 /* Backup existing file */
1151 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1152 fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1153 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1154 fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1156 /* Move new one into place */
1157 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1158 error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1165 fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1166 fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1168 fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1170 fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1179 * Perform changing a passphrase. The argument is the passwd structure
1180 * for the current user.
1183 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1186 char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1191 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1192 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1193 perror(identity_file);
1196 /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1197 private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1198 if (private == NULL) {
1199 if (identity_passphrase)
1200 old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1203 read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1205 private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1207 memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
1208 xfree(old_passphrase);
1209 if (private == NULL) {
1210 printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1214 printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1216 /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1217 if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1218 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1222 read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1223 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1224 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1227 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1228 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1229 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1230 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1233 printf("Pass phrases do not match. Try again.\n");
1236 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1237 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1241 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1242 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
1243 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1244 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1250 /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1251 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1253 key_free(private); /* Destroys contents */
1256 printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1261 * Print the SSHFP RR.
1264 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1267 char *comment = NULL;
1271 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1272 if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1273 if (errno == ENOENT)
1278 public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1279 if (public != NULL) {
1280 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1288 printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1293 * Change the comment of a private key file.
1296 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1298 char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1306 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1307 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1308 perror(identity_file);
1311 private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1312 if (private == NULL) {
1313 if (identity_passphrase)
1314 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1315 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1316 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1318 passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1320 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1321 private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1322 if (private == NULL) {
1323 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1325 printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1329 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1331 if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1332 fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1336 printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1338 if (identity_comment) {
1339 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1341 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1343 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1344 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1348 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1351 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1352 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
1353 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1354 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1360 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1362 public = key_from_private(private);
1365 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1366 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1368 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1371 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1373 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1376 if (!key_write(public, f))
1377 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1379 fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1384 printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1389 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1391 char from[32], to[32];
1392 static char ret[64];
1397 if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1400 if (valid_from != 0) {
1401 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1402 tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1403 tm = localtime(&tt);
1404 strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1406 if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1407 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1408 tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1409 tm = localtime(&tt);
1410 strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1413 if (valid_from == 0) {
1414 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1417 if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1418 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1422 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1427 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1429 debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1430 buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1431 buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1435 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1439 debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1441 buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1443 buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1444 buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1449 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL 1
1450 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS 2
1452 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1455 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1456 certflags_command != NULL)
1457 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1458 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1459 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1460 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1461 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1462 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1463 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1464 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1465 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1466 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1467 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1468 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1469 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1470 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1471 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1472 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1473 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1474 certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1475 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1479 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1481 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1482 Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1485 if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1486 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1488 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1489 debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1491 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1492 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1493 if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1503 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1504 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1508 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1513 char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1515 int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1517 if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1518 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1519 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1520 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1524 if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1527 } else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1531 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1537 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1538 if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1539 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1540 fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1541 } else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1542 fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1545 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1546 /* Split list of principals */
1548 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1549 otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1551 for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1552 plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1553 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1554 fatal("Empty principal name");
1559 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1560 if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1561 fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1562 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1563 public->type != KEY_ECDSA)
1564 fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1565 __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1567 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1568 if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1569 fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1570 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1571 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1572 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1573 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1574 public->cert->principals = plist;
1575 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1576 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1578 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1579 OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1581 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1583 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
1584 OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1586 public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1588 if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1589 fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1591 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1593 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1596 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1597 fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1599 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1600 fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1601 if (!key_write(public, f))
1602 fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1603 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1607 logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1608 "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1609 out, public->cert->key_id,
1610 (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1611 cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1612 cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1613 fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1624 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1628 mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1630 if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1631 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1632 if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1633 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1634 return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1638 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1645 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1646 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1647 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1649 switch (strlen(s)) {
1652 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1655 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1656 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1657 s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1660 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1663 bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
1664 if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1665 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1666 if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1667 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1668 return (u_int64_t)tt;
1672 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1675 time_t now = time(NULL);
1678 /* +timespec relative to now */
1679 if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1680 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1681 fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1682 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1684 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1685 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1687 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1693 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1694 * to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1696 from = xstrdup(timespec);
1697 to = strchr(from, ':');
1698 if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1699 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1702 if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1703 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1705 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1707 if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1708 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
1710 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1712 if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1713 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1718 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1722 if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1723 certflags_flags = 0;
1724 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1725 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1726 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1727 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1728 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1729 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1730 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1731 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1732 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1733 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1734 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1735 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1736 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1737 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1738 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1739 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1740 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1741 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1742 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1743 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1744 else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1747 fatal("Empty force-command option");
1748 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1749 fatal("force-command already specified");
1750 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1751 } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1754 fatal("Empty source-address option");
1755 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1756 fatal("source-address already specified");
1757 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1758 fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1759 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1761 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1765 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1767 u_char *name, *data;
1769 Buffer options, option;
1771 buffer_init(&options);
1772 buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1774 buffer_init(&option);
1775 while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1776 name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1777 data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1778 buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1779 printf(" %s", name);
1780 if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1781 (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1782 strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1783 strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1784 strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1785 strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1787 else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1788 (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1789 strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1790 data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
1791 printf(" %s\n", data);
1794 printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1795 buffer_len(&option));
1796 buffer_clear(&option);
1799 if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1800 fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1802 buffer_free(&option);
1803 buffer_free(&options);
1807 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1811 char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1815 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1816 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1817 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1818 if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1819 fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1820 if (!key_is_cert(key))
1821 fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1822 v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1824 key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1825 ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1826 SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1828 printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1829 printf(" Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1830 key_cert_type(key));
1831 printf(" Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1832 printf(" Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1833 key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1834 printf(" Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1836 printf(" Serial: %llu\n",
1837 (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1839 printf(" Valid: %s\n",
1840 fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1841 printf(" Principals: ");
1842 if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1845 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1847 key->cert->principals[i]);
1850 printf(" Critical Options: ");
1851 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
1855 show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1858 printf(" Extensions: ");
1859 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1863 show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1872 fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
1873 fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
1874 fprintf(stderr, " -A Generate non-existent host keys for all key types.\n");
1875 fprintf(stderr, " -a trials Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1876 fprintf(stderr, " -B Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
1877 fprintf(stderr, " -b bits Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
1878 fprintf(stderr, " -C comment Provide new comment.\n");
1879 fprintf(stderr, " -c Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
1880 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1881 fprintf(stderr, " -D pkcs11 Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
1883 fprintf(stderr, " -e Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
1884 fprintf(stderr, " -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
1885 fprintf(stderr, " -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
1886 fprintf(stderr, " -G file Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1887 fprintf(stderr, " -g Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
1888 fprintf(stderr, " -H Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
1889 fprintf(stderr, " -h Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
1890 fprintf(stderr, " -I key_id Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
1891 fprintf(stderr, " -i Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
1892 fprintf(stderr, " -J number Screen this number of moduli lines.\n");
1893 fprintf(stderr, " -j number Start screening moduli at specified line.\n");
1894 fprintf(stderr, " -K checkpt Write checkpoints to this file.\n");
1895 fprintf(stderr, " -L Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
1896 fprintf(stderr, " -l Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
1897 fprintf(stderr, " -M memory Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1898 fprintf(stderr, " -m key_fmt Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
1899 fprintf(stderr, " -N phrase Provide new passphrase.\n");
1900 fprintf(stderr, " -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
1901 fprintf(stderr, " -O option Specify a certificate option.\n");
1902 fprintf(stderr, " -P phrase Provide old passphrase.\n");
1903 fprintf(stderr, " -p Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
1904 fprintf(stderr, " -q Quiet.\n");
1905 fprintf(stderr, " -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
1906 fprintf(stderr, " -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
1907 fprintf(stderr, " -S start Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1908 fprintf(stderr, " -s ca_key Certify keys with CA key.\n");
1909 fprintf(stderr, " -T file Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1910 fprintf(stderr, " -t type Specify type of key to create.\n");
1911 fprintf(stderr, " -V from:to Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
1912 fprintf(stderr, " -v Verbose.\n");
1913 fprintf(stderr, " -W gen Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1914 fprintf(stderr, " -y Read private key file and print public key.\n");
1915 fprintf(stderr, " -z serial Specify a serial number.\n");
1921 * Main program for key management.
1924 main(int argc, char **argv)
1926 char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1927 char *checkpoint = NULL;
1928 char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *rr_hostname = NULL;
1929 Key *private, *public;
1933 u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
1934 int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
1935 int gen_all_hostkeys = 0;
1936 unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
1937 BIGNUM *start = NULL;
1942 extern char *optarg;
1944 /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
1947 __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
1949 OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
1950 log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1954 /* we need this for the home * directory. */
1955 pw = getpwuid(getuid());
1957 printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
1960 if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
1961 perror("gethostname");
1965 while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "AegiqpclBHLhvxXyF:b:f:t:D:I:J:j:K:P:"
1966 "m:N:n:O:C:r:g:R:T:G:M:S:s:a:V:W:z")) != -1) {
1969 gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
1972 bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
1974 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
1979 rr_hostname = optarg;
1985 cert_key_id = optarg;
1988 lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
1991 start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
1995 rr_hostname = optarg;
2001 print_fingerprint = 1;
2004 print_bubblebabble = 1;
2007 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2008 strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2009 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2012 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2013 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2016 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2017 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2020 fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2022 cert_principals = optarg;
2025 change_passphrase = 1;
2031 if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
2032 sizeof(identity_file))
2033 fatal("Identity filename too long");
2040 identity_passphrase = optarg;
2043 identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2046 add_cert_option(optarg);
2049 identity_comment = optarg;
2060 cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2061 certflags_flags = 0;
2072 ca_key_path = optarg;
2075 key_type_name = optarg;
2078 pkcs11provider = optarg;
2081 if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2082 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2084 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2085 log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2090 rr_hostname = optarg;
2093 generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2096 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
2100 trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2102 fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
2106 memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2108 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2111 do_gen_candidates = 1;
2112 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2114 fatal("Output filename too long");
2117 do_screen_candidates = 1;
2118 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2120 fatal("Output filename too long");
2123 if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXPATHLEN)
2124 fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2125 checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2128 /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2129 if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2130 fatal("Invalid start point.");
2133 parse_cert_times(optarg);
2136 cert_serial = strtonum(optarg, 0, LLONG_MAX, &errstr);
2138 fatal("Invalid serial number: %s", errstr);
2147 log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2152 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2154 printf("Too few arguments.\n");
2157 } else if (argc > 0) {
2158 printf("Too many arguments.\n");
2161 if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2162 printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
2165 if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2166 printf("Cannot use -l with -D or -R.\n");
2169 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2170 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2171 fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2172 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2176 if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2177 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2178 if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2180 if (change_passphrase)
2181 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2183 do_change_comment(pw);
2187 do_convert_from(pw);
2189 do_print_public(pw);
2190 if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2193 if (have_identity) {
2194 n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2195 identity_file, rr_hostname);
2197 perror(identity_file);
2203 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2204 _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2205 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2206 _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2207 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2208 _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2211 fatal("no keys found.");
2215 if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2218 if (do_gen_candidates) {
2219 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2222 error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2223 out_file, strerror(errno));
2227 bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2228 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2229 fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2234 if (do_screen_candidates) {
2236 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2238 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2239 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2240 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2241 "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2248 fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2249 out_file, strerror(errno));
2251 if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2252 start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2253 fatal("modulus screening failed");
2257 if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2258 do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2264 if (key_type_name == NULL)
2265 key_type_name = "rsa";
2267 type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2268 type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
2271 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2272 private = key_generate(type, bits);
2273 if (private == NULL) {
2274 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2277 public = key_from_private(private);
2280 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2282 /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2283 snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2284 pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2285 if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2286 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2287 if (errno != ENOENT) {
2288 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2290 } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2291 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2292 dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2294 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2297 /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2298 if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2300 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2301 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2303 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2305 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2308 /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2309 if (identity_passphrase)
2310 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2311 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2312 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2316 read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2317 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2318 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2320 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2322 * The passphrases do not match. Clear them and
2325 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2326 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2329 printf("Passphrases do not match. Try again.\n");
2330 goto passphrase_again;
2332 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2333 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2337 if (identity_comment) {
2338 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2340 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2341 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2344 /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2345 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
2346 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2347 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2351 /* Clear the passphrase. */
2352 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2355 /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2360 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2362 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2363 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2365 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2368 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2370 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2373 if (!key_write(public, f))
2374 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2375 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2379 char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2380 char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2382 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2384 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2385 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2386 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");