/*- * Copyright (c) 1993, 1994 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * Copyright (c) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 * Keith Bostic. All rights reserved. * * See the LICENSE file for redistribution information. */ #include "config.h" #ifndef lint static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)recover.c 10.21 (Berkeley) 9/15/96"; #endif /* not lint */ #include #include /* XXX: param.h may not have included types.h */ #include #include /* * We include , because the open #defines were found there * on historical systems. We also include because the open(2) * #defines are found there on newer systems. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "common.h" #include "pathnames.h" /* * Recovery code. * * The basic scheme is as follows. In the EXF structure, we maintain full * paths of a b+tree file and a mail recovery file. The former is the file * used as backing store by the DB package. The latter is the file that * contains an email message to be sent to the user if we crash. The two * simple states of recovery are: * * + first starting the edit session: * the b+tree file exists and is mode 700, the mail recovery * file doesn't exist. * + after the file has been modified: * the b+tree file exists and is mode 600, the mail recovery * file exists, and is exclusively locked. * * In the EXF structure we maintain a file descriptor that is the locked * file descriptor for the mail recovery file. NOTE: we sometimes have to * do locking with fcntl(2). This is a problem because if you close(2) any * file descriptor associated with the file, ALL of the locks go away. Be * sure to remember that if you have to modify the recovery code. (It has * been rhetorically asked of what the designers could have been thinking * when they did that interface. The answer is simple: they weren't.) * * To find out if a recovery file/backing file pair are in use, try to get * a lock on the recovery file. * * To find out if a backing file can be deleted at boot time, check for an * owner execute bit. (Yes, I know it's ugly, but it's either that or put * special stuff into the backing file itself, or correlate the files at * boot time, neither of which looks like fun.) Note also that there's a * window between when the file is created and the X bit is set. It's small, * but it's there. To fix the window, check for 0 length files as well. * * To find out if a file can be recovered, check the F_RCV_ON bit. Note, * this DOES NOT mean that any initialization has been done, only that we * haven't yet failed at setting up or doing recovery. * * To preserve a recovery file/backing file pair, set the F_RCV_NORM bit. * If that bit is not set when ending a file session: * If the EXF structure paths (rcv_path and rcv_mpath) are not NULL, * they are unlink(2)'d, and free(3)'d. * If the EXF file descriptor (rcv_fd) is not -1, it is closed. * * The backing b+tree file is set up when a file is first edited, so that * the DB package can use it for on-disk caching and/or to snapshot the * file. When the file is first modified, the mail recovery file is created, * the backing file permissions are updated, the file is sync(2)'d to disk, * and the timer is started. Then, at RCV_PERIOD second intervals, the * b+tree file is synced to disk. RCV_PERIOD is measured using SIGALRM, which * means that the data structures (SCR, EXF, the underlying tree structures) * must be consistent when the signal arrives. * * The recovery mail file contains normal mail headers, with two additions, * which occur in THIS order, as the FIRST TWO headers: * * X-vi-recover-file: file_name * X-vi-recover-path: recover_path * * Since newlines delimit the headers, this means that file names cannot have * newlines in them, but that's probably okay. As these files aren't intended * to be long-lived, changing their format won't be too painful. * * Btree files are named "vi.XXXX" and recovery files are named "recover.XXXX". */ #define VI_FHEADER "X-vi-recover-file: " #define VI_PHEADER "X-vi-recover-path: " static int rcv_copy __P((SCR *, int, char *)); static void rcv_email __P((SCR *, char *)); static char *rcv_gets __P((char *, size_t, int)); static int rcv_mailfile __P((SCR *, int, char *)); static int rcv_mktemp __P((SCR *, char *, char *, int)); /* * rcv_tmp -- * Build a file name that will be used as the recovery file. * * PUBLIC: int rcv_tmp __P((SCR *, EXF *, char *)); */ int rcv_tmp(sp, ep, name) SCR *sp; EXF *ep; char *name; { struct stat sb; int fd; char *dp, *p, path[MAXPATHLEN]; /* * !!! * ep MAY NOT BE THE SAME AS sp->ep, DON'T USE THE LATTER. * * * If the recovery directory doesn't exist, try and create it. As * the recovery files are themselves protected from reading/writing * by other than the owner, the worst that can happen is that a user * would have permission to remove other user's recovery files. If * the sticky bit has the BSD semantics, that too will be impossible. */ if (opts_empty(sp, O_RECDIR, 0)) goto err; dp = O_STR(sp, O_RECDIR); if (stat(dp, &sb)) { if (errno != ENOENT || mkdir(dp, 0)) { msgq(sp, M_SYSERR, "%s", dp); goto err; } (void)chmod(dp, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO | S_ISVTX); } /* Newlines delimit the mail messages. */ for (p = name; *p; ++p) if (*p == '\n') { msgq(sp, M_ERR, "055|Files with newlines in the name are unrecoverable"); goto err; } (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/vi.XXXXXX", dp); if ((fd = rcv_mktemp(sp, path, dp, S_IRWXU)) == -1) goto err; (void)close(fd); if ((ep->rcv_path = strdup(path)) == NULL) { msgq(sp, M_SYSERR, NULL); (void)unlink(path); err: msgq(sp, M_ERR, "056|Modifications not recoverable if the session fails"); return (1); } /* We believe the file is recoverable. */ F_SET(ep, F_RCV_ON); return (0); } /* * rcv_init -- * Force the file to be snapshotted for recovery. * * PUBLIC: int rcv_init __P((SCR *)); */ int rcv_init(sp) SCR *sp; { EXF *ep; recno_t lno; ep = sp->ep; /* Only do this once. */ F_CLR(ep, F_FIRSTMODIFY); /* If we already know the file isn't recoverable, we're done. */ if (!F_ISSET(ep, F_RCV_ON)) return (0); /* Turn off recoverability until we figure out if this will work. */ F_CLR(ep, F_RCV_ON); /* Test if we're recovering a file, not editing one. */ if (ep->rcv_mpath == NULL) { /* Build a file to mail to the user. */ if (rcv_mailfile(sp, 0, NULL)) goto err; /* Force a read of the entire file. */ if (db_last(sp, &lno)) goto err; /* Turn on a busy message, and sync it to backing store. */ sp->gp->scr_busy(sp, "057|Copying file for recovery...", BUSY_ON); if (ep->db->sync(ep->db, R_RECNOSYNC)) { msgq_str(sp, M_SYSERR, ep->rcv_path, "058|Preservation failed: %s"); sp->gp->scr_busy(sp, NULL, BUSY_OFF); goto err; } sp->gp->scr_busy(sp, NULL, BUSY_OFF); } /* Turn off the owner execute bit. */ (void)chmod(ep->rcv_path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR); /* We believe the file is recoverable. */ F_SET(ep, F_RCV_ON); return (0); err: msgq(sp, M_ERR, "059|Modifications not recoverable if the session fails"); return (1); } /* * rcv_sync -- * Sync the file, optionally: * flagging the backup file to be preserved * snapshotting the backup file and send email to the user * sending email to the user if the file was modified * ending the file session * * PUBLIC: int rcv_sync __P((SCR *, u_int)); */ int rcv_sync(sp, flags) SCR *sp; u_int flags; { EXF *ep; int fd, rval; char *dp, buf[1024]; /* Make sure that there's something to recover/sync. */ ep = sp->ep; if (ep == NULL || !F_ISSET(ep, F_RCV_ON)) return (0); /* Sync the file if it's been modified. */ if (F_ISSET(ep, F_MODIFIED)) { SIGBLOCK; if (ep->db->sync(ep->db, R_RECNOSYNC)) { F_CLR(ep, F_RCV_ON | F_RCV_NORM); msgq_str(sp, M_SYSERR, ep->rcv_path, "060|File backup failed: %s"); SIGUNBLOCK; return (1); } SIGUNBLOCK; /* REQUEST: don't remove backing file on exit. */ if (LF_ISSET(RCV_PRESERVE)) F_SET(ep, F_RCV_NORM); /* REQUEST: send email. */ if (LF_ISSET(RCV_EMAIL)) rcv_email(sp, ep->rcv_mpath); } /* * !!! * Each time the user exec's :preserve, we have to snapshot all of * the recovery information, i.e. it's like the user re-edited the * file. We copy the DB(3) backing file, and then create a new mail * recovery file, it's simpler than exiting and reopening all of the * underlying files. * * REQUEST: snapshot the file. */ rval = 0; if (LF_ISSET(RCV_SNAPSHOT)) { if (opts_empty(sp, O_RECDIR, 0)) goto err; dp = O_STR(sp, O_RECDIR); (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/vi.XXXXXX", dp); if ((fd = rcv_mktemp(sp, buf, dp, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) == -1) goto err; sp->gp->scr_busy(sp, "061|Copying file for recovery...", BUSY_ON); if (rcv_copy(sp, fd, ep->rcv_path) || close(fd) || rcv_mailfile(sp, 1, buf)) { (void)unlink(buf); (void)close(fd); rval = 1; } sp->gp->scr_busy(sp, NULL, BUSY_OFF); } if (0) { err: rval = 1; } /* REQUEST: end the file session. */ if (LF_ISSET(RCV_ENDSESSION) && file_end(sp, NULL, 1)) rval = 1; return (rval); } /* * rcv_mailfile -- * Build the file to mail to the user. */ static int rcv_mailfile(sp, issync, cp_path) SCR *sp; int issync; char *cp_path; { EXF *ep; GS *gp; struct passwd *pw; size_t len; time_t now; uid_t uid; int fd; char *dp, *p, *t, buf[4096], mpath[MAXPATHLEN]; char *t1, *t2, *t3; /* * XXX * MAXHOSTNAMELEN is in various places on various systems, including * and . If not found, use a large default. */ #ifndef MAXHOSTNAMELEN #define MAXHOSTNAMELEN 1024 #endif char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; gp = sp->gp; if ((pw = getpwuid(uid = getuid())) == NULL) { msgq(sp, M_ERR, "062|Information on user id %u not found", uid); return (1); } if (opts_empty(sp, O_RECDIR, 0)) return (1); dp = O_STR(sp, O_RECDIR); (void)snprintf(mpath, sizeof(mpath), "%s/recover.XXXXXX", dp); if ((fd = rcv_mktemp(sp, mpath, dp, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) == -1) return (1); /* * XXX * We keep an open lock on the file so that the recover option can * distinguish between files that are live and those that need to * be recovered. There's an obvious window between the mkstemp call * and the lock, but it's pretty small. */ ep = sp->ep; if (file_lock(sp, NULL, NULL, fd, 1) != LOCK_SUCCESS) msgq(sp, M_SYSERR, "063|Unable to lock recovery file"); if (!issync) { /* Save the recover file descriptor, and mail path. */ ep->rcv_fd = fd; if ((ep->rcv_mpath = strdup(mpath)) == NULL) { msgq(sp, M_SYSERR, NULL); goto err; } cp_path = ep->rcv_path; } /* * XXX * We can't use stdio(3) here. The problem is that we may be using * fcntl(2), so if ANY file descriptor into the file is closed, the * lock is lost. So, we could never close the FILE *, even if we * dup'd the fd first. */ t = sp->frp->name; if ((p = strrchr(t, '/')) == NULL) p = t; else ++p; (void)time(&now); (void)gethostname(host, sizeof(host)); len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s\n%s%s\n%s\n%s\n%s%s\n%s%s\n%s\n\n", VI_FHEADER, t, /* Non-standard. */ VI_PHEADER, cp_path, /* Non-standard. */ "Reply-To: root", "From: root (Nvi recovery program)", "To: ", pw->pw_name, "Subject: Nvi saved the file ", p, "Precedence: bulk"); /* For vacation(1). */ if (len > sizeof(buf) - 1) goto lerr; if (write(fd, buf, len) != len) goto werr; len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%.24s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n\n", "On ", ctime(&now), ", the user ", pw->pw_name, " was editing a file named ", t, " on the machine ", host, ", when it was saved for recovery. ", "You can recover most, if not all, of the changes ", "to this file using the -r option to ", gp->progname, ":\n\n\t", gp->progname, " -r ", t); if (len > sizeof(buf) - 1) { lerr: msgq(sp, M_ERR, "064|Recovery file buffer overrun"); goto err; } /* * Format the message. (Yes, I know it's silly.) * Requires that the message end in a . */ #define FMTCOLS 60 for (t1 = buf; len > 0; len -= t2 - t1, t1 = t2) { /* Check for a short length. */ if (len <= FMTCOLS) { t2 = t1 + (len - 1); goto wout; } /* Check for a required . */ t2 = strchr(t1, '\n'); if (t2 - t1 <= FMTCOLS) goto wout; /* Find the closest space, if any. */ for (t3 = t2; t2 > t1; --t2) if (*t2 == ' ') { if (t2 - t1 <= FMTCOLS) goto wout; t3 = t2; } t2 = t3; /* t2 points to the last character to display. */ wout: *t2++ = '\n'; /* t2 points one after the last character to display. */ if (write(fd, t1, t2 - t1) != t2 - t1) goto werr; } if (issync) { rcv_email(sp, mpath); if (close(fd)) { werr: msgq(sp, M_SYSERR, "065|Recovery file"); goto err; } } return (0); err: if (!issync) ep->rcv_fd = -1; if (fd != -1) (void)close(fd); return (1); } /* * people making love * never exactly the same * just like a snowflake * * rcv_list -- * List the files that can be recovered by this user. * * PUBLIC: int rcv_list __P((SCR *)); */ int rcv_list(sp) SCR *sp; { struct dirent *dp; struct stat sb; DIR *dirp; FILE *fp; int found; char *p, *t, file[MAXPATHLEN], path[MAXPATHLEN]; /* Open the recovery directory for reading. */ if (opts_empty(sp, O_RECDIR, 0)) return (1); p = O_STR(sp, O_RECDIR); if (chdir(p) || (dirp = opendir(".")) == NULL) { msgq_str(sp, M_SYSERR, p, "recdir: %s"); return (1); } /* Read the directory. */ for (found = 0; (dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL;) { if (strncmp(dp->d_name, "recover.", 8)) continue; /* * If it's readable, it's recoverable. * * XXX * Should be "r", we don't want to write the file. However, * if we're using fcntl(2), there's no way to lock a file * descriptor that's not open for writing. */ if ((fp = fopen(dp->d_name, "r+")) == NULL) continue; switch (file_lock(sp, NULL, NULL, fileno(fp), 1)) { case LOCK_FAILED: /* * XXX * Assume that a lock can't be acquired, but that we * should permit recovery anyway. If this is wrong, * and someone else is using the file, we're going to * die horribly. */ break; case LOCK_SUCCESS: break; case LOCK_UNAVAIL: /* If it's locked, it's live. */ (void)fclose(fp); continue; } /* Check the headers. */ if (fgets(file, sizeof(file), fp) == NULL || strncmp(file, VI_FHEADER, sizeof(VI_FHEADER) - 1) || (p = strchr(file, '\n')) == NULL || fgets(path, sizeof(path), fp) == NULL || strncmp(path, VI_PHEADER, sizeof(VI_PHEADER) - 1) || (t = strchr(path, '\n')) == NULL) { msgq_str(sp, M_ERR, dp->d_name, "066|%s: malformed recovery file"); goto next; } *p = *t = '\0'; /* * If the file doesn't exist, it's an orphaned recovery file, * toss it. * * XXX * This can occur if the backup file was deleted and we crashed * before deleting the email file. */ errno = 0; if (stat(path + sizeof(VI_PHEADER) - 1, &sb) && errno == ENOENT) { (void)unlink(dp->d_name); goto next; } /* Get the last modification time and display. */ (void)fstat(fileno(fp), &sb); (void)printf("%.24s: %s\n", ctime(&sb.st_mtime), file + sizeof(VI_FHEADER) - 1); found = 1; /* Close, discarding lock. */ next: (void)fclose(fp); } if (found == 0) (void)printf("vi: no files to recover.\n"); (void)closedir(dirp); return (0); } /* * rcv_read -- * Start a recovered file as the file to edit. * * PUBLIC: int rcv_read __P((SCR *, FREF *)); */ int rcv_read(sp, frp) SCR *sp; FREF *frp; { struct dirent *dp; struct stat sb; DIR *dirp; EXF *ep; time_t rec_mtime; int fd, found, locked, requested, sv_fd; char *name, *p, *t, *rp, *recp, *pathp; char file[MAXPATHLEN], path[MAXPATHLEN], recpath[MAXPATHLEN]; if (opts_empty(sp, O_RECDIR, 0)) return (1); rp = O_STR(sp, O_RECDIR); if ((dirp = opendir(rp)) == NULL) { msgq_str(sp, M_ERR, rp, "%s"); return (1); } name = frp->name; sv_fd = -1; rec_mtime = 0; recp = pathp = NULL; for (found = requested = 0; (dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL;) { if (strncmp(dp->d_name, "recover.", 8)) continue; (void)snprintf(recpath, sizeof(recpath), "%s/%s", rp, dp->d_name); /* * If it's readable, it's recoverable. It would be very * nice to use stdio(3), but, we can't because that would * require closing and then reopening the file so that we * could have a lock and still close the FP. Another tip * of the hat to fcntl(2). * * XXX * Should be O_RDONLY, we don't want to write it. However, * if we're using fcntl(2), there's no way to lock a file * descriptor that's not open for writing. */ if ((fd = open(recpath, O_RDWR, 0)) == -1) continue; switch (file_lock(sp, NULL, NULL, fd, 1)) { case LOCK_FAILED: /* * XXX * Assume that a lock can't be acquired, but that we * should permit recovery anyway. If this is wrong, * and someone else is using the file, we're going to * die horribly. */ locked = 0; break; case LOCK_SUCCESS: locked = 1; break; case LOCK_UNAVAIL: /* If it's locked, it's live. */ (void)close(fd); continue; } /* Check the headers. */ if (rcv_gets(file, sizeof(file), fd) == NULL || strncmp(file, VI_FHEADER, sizeof(VI_FHEADER) - 1) || (p = strchr(file, '\n')) == NULL || rcv_gets(path, sizeof(path), fd) == NULL || strncmp(path, VI_PHEADER, sizeof(VI_PHEADER) - 1) || (t = strchr(path, '\n')) == NULL) { msgq_str(sp, M_ERR, recpath, "067|%s: malformed recovery file"); goto next; } *p = *t = '\0'; ++found; /* * If the file doesn't exist, it's an orphaned recovery file, * toss it. * * XXX * This can occur if the backup file was deleted and we crashed * before deleting the email file. */ errno = 0; if (stat(path + sizeof(VI_PHEADER) - 1, &sb) && errno == ENOENT) { (void)unlink(dp->d_name); goto next; } /* Check the file name. */ if (strcmp(file + sizeof(VI_FHEADER) - 1, name)) goto next; ++requested; /* * If we've found more than one, take the most recent. * * XXX * Since we're using st_mtime, for portability reasons, * we only get a single second granularity, instead of * getting it right. */ (void)fstat(fd, &sb); if (recp == NULL || rec_mtime < sb.st_mtime) { p = recp; t = pathp; if ((recp = strdup(recpath)) == NULL) { msgq(sp, M_SYSERR, NULL); recp = p; goto next; } if ((pathp = strdup(path)) == NULL) { msgq(sp, M_SYSERR, NULL); free(recp); recp = p; pathp = t; goto next; } if (p != NULL) { free(p); free(t); } rec_mtime = sb.st_mtime; if (sv_fd != -1) (void)close(sv_fd); sv_fd = fd; } else next: (void)close(fd); } (void)closedir(dirp); if (recp == NULL) { msgq_str(sp, M_INFO, name, "068|No files named %s, readable by you, to recover"); return (1); } if (found) { if (requested > 1) msgq(sp, M_INFO, "069|There are older versions of this file for you to recover"); if (found > requested) msgq(sp, M_INFO, "070|There are other files for you to recover"); } /* * Create the FREF structure, start the btree file. * * XXX * file_init() is going to set ep->rcv_path. */ if (file_init(sp, frp, pathp + sizeof(VI_PHEADER) - 1, 0)) { free(recp); free(pathp); (void)close(sv_fd); return (1); } /* * We keep an open lock on the file so that the recover option can * distinguish between files that are live and those that need to * be recovered. The lock is already acquired, just copy it. */ ep = sp->ep; ep->rcv_mpath = recp; ep->rcv_fd = sv_fd; if (!locked) F_SET(frp, FR_UNLOCKED); /* We believe the file is recoverable. */ F_SET(ep, F_RCV_ON); return (0); } /* * rcv_copy -- * Copy a recovery file. */ static int rcv_copy(sp, wfd, fname) SCR *sp; int wfd; char *fname; { int nr, nw, off, rfd; char buf[8 * 1024]; if ((rfd = open(fname, O_RDONLY, 0)) == -1) goto err; while ((nr = read(rfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) for (off = 0; nr; nr -= nw, off += nw) if ((nw = write(wfd, buf + off, nr)) < 0) goto err; if (nr == 0) return (0); err: msgq_str(sp, M_SYSERR, fname, "%s"); return (1); } /* * rcv_gets -- * Fgets(3) for a file descriptor. */ static char * rcv_gets(buf, len, fd) char *buf; size_t len; int fd; { int nr; char *p; if ((nr = read(fd, buf, len - 1)) == -1) return (NULL); if ((p = strchr(buf, '\n')) == NULL) return (NULL); (void)lseek(fd, (off_t)((p - buf) + 1), SEEK_SET); return (buf); } /* * rcv_mktemp -- * Paranoid make temporary file routine. */ static int rcv_mktemp(sp, path, dname, perms) SCR *sp; char *path, *dname; int perms; { int fd; /* * !!! * We expect mkstemp(3) to set the permissions correctly. On * historic System V systems, mkstemp didn't. Do it here, on * GP's. * * XXX * The variable perms should really be a mode_t, and it would * be nice to use fchmod(2) instead of chmod(2), here. */ if ((fd = mkstemp(path)) == -1) msgq_str(sp, M_SYSERR, dname, "%s"); else (void)chmod(path, perms); return (fd); } /* * rcv_email -- * Send email. */ static void rcv_email(sp, fname) SCR *sp; char *fname; { struct stat sb; char buf[MAXPATHLEN * 2 + 20]; if (_PATH_SENDMAIL[0] != '/' || stat(_PATH_SENDMAIL, &sb)) msgq_str(sp, M_SYSERR, _PATH_SENDMAIL, "071|not sending email: %s"); else { /* * !!! * If you need to port this to a system that doesn't have * sendmail, the -t flag causes sendmail to read the message * for the recipients instead of specifying them some other * way. */ (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s -t < %s", _PATH_SENDMAIL, fname); (void)system(buf); } }