1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.197 2010/08/04 06:07:11 djm Exp $ */
3 * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4 * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
6 * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
8 * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9 * can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
10 * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11 * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12 * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
20 #include <sys/param.h>
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
45 #include "pathnames.h"
54 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
57 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key. This value can be set on the command line. */
58 #define DEFAULT_BITS 2048
59 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA 1024
63 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase. This can be
64 * set on the command line.
66 int change_passphrase = 0;
69 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment. This can be set
70 * on the command line.
72 int change_comment = 0;
76 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
78 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
80 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
82 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
85 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
88 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
89 int print_fingerprint = 0;
90 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
92 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
93 char identity_file[1024];
94 int have_identity = 0;
96 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
97 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
99 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
100 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
102 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
103 char *identity_comment = NULL;
105 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
106 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
108 /* Certificate serial number */
109 long long cert_serial = 0;
111 /* Key type when certifying */
112 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
114 /* "key ID" of signed key */
115 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
117 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
118 char *cert_principals = NULL;
120 /* Validity period for certificates */
121 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
122 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
124 /* Certificate options */
125 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD (1)
126 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD (1<<1)
127 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD (1<<2)
128 #define CERTOPT_PTY (1<<3)
129 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
130 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
131 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
132 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
133 char *certflags_command = NULL;
134 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
136 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
138 int convert_from = 0;
143 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
144 int print_public = 0;
145 int print_generic = 0;
147 char *key_type_name = NULL;
149 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
150 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
153 extern char *__progname;
155 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
158 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
159 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t);
162 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
167 if (key_type_name == NULL)
168 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
170 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
172 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
175 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
177 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
180 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
182 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
185 fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
190 snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
191 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
192 if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
194 buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
195 if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
196 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
201 load_identity(char *filename)
206 prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
208 if (identity_passphrase)
209 pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
211 pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
213 prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
214 memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
220 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
221 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
222 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
223 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC 0x3f6ff9eb
226 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
232 if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
233 fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
236 /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
237 snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
238 "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
239 key_size(k), key_type(k),
240 pw->pw_name, hostname);
242 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
243 fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
244 dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
245 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
252 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
254 switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
256 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
257 fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
260 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
261 fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
264 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
270 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
272 switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
274 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
275 fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
277 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
279 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
280 fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
284 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
290 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
296 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
297 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
298 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
299 if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
300 if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
301 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
305 if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
306 fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
310 switch (convert_format) {
312 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
315 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
318 do_convert_to_pem(k);
321 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
327 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
329 u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
330 u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
332 if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
333 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
334 "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
335 if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
336 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
337 buffer_consume(b, bytes);
341 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
346 u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
347 int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
352 buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
354 magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
355 if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
356 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
360 i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
361 type = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
362 cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
363 i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
364 i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
365 i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
366 debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
367 if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
368 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
376 if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
378 } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
385 key = key_new_private(ktype);
390 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
391 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
392 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
393 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
394 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
397 e = buffer_get_char(&b);
401 e += buffer_get_char(&b);
404 e += buffer_get_char(&b);
407 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
412 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
413 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
414 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
415 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
416 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
417 rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
420 rlen = buffer_len(&b);
422 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
423 "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
427 key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
428 key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
434 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
440 while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
441 if (pos >= len - 1) {
442 fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
448 if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
449 fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
464 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
474 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
475 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
477 while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
478 if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
480 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
481 strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
482 if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
484 if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
487 /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
492 /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
495 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
497 len = strlen(encoded);
498 if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
499 (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
500 (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
501 (encoded[len-3] == '='))
502 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
503 blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
505 fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
509 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
510 key_from_blob(blob, blen);
512 fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
519 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
524 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
525 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
526 if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
527 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
531 switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
533 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
534 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
535 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
538 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
539 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
540 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
543 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
544 EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
546 EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
551 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
559 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
560 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
561 if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
562 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
563 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
568 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
570 if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
571 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
572 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
578 fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
582 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
585 int private = 0, ok = 0;
589 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
590 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
591 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
593 switch (convert_format) {
595 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
598 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
601 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
604 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
608 ok = key_write(k, stdout);
610 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
614 ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
615 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
618 ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
619 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
622 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
628 fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
636 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
642 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
643 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
644 perror(identity_file);
647 prv = load_identity(identity_file);
649 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
652 if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
653 fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
655 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
660 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
667 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
669 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
670 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
671 key_write(keys[i], stdout);
673 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
679 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
680 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
684 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
688 char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
689 int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
694 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
695 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
698 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
699 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
700 perror(identity_file);
703 public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
704 if (public != NULL) {
705 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
706 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
707 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
709 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
722 if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
723 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
725 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
726 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
727 error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
739 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
740 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
742 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
744 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
745 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
748 for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
749 *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
750 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
751 cp++; /* Skip both */
760 public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
761 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
764 public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
765 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
770 comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
771 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
772 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
773 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
774 comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
775 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
785 printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
792 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
794 if (print_fingerprint) {
799 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
800 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
801 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
802 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
803 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
805 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
810 if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
811 fatal("hash_host failed");
812 fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
813 if (!key_write(public, f))
814 fatal("key_write failed");
820 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
822 FILE *in, *out = stdout;
824 char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
825 char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
826 int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
829 if (!have_identity) {
830 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
831 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
832 sizeof(identity_file))
833 fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
837 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
838 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
841 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
842 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
844 if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
845 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
846 strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
847 strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
848 strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
849 fatal("known_hosts path too long");
851 if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
852 fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
853 if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
856 fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
861 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
862 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
863 error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
875 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
876 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
878 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
880 fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
883 /* Check whether this is a CA key */
884 if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
885 (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
886 cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
888 cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
892 /* Find the end of the host name portion. */
893 for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
896 if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
897 error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
905 pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
906 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
909 pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
910 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
911 error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
919 if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
920 if (find_host || delete_host) {
921 cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
923 error("line %d: invalid hashed "
924 "name: %.64s...", num, line);
928 c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
929 if (find_host && c) {
930 printf("# Host %s found: "
931 "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
933 ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
934 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
936 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
937 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
938 } else if (hash_hosts)
939 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
941 if (find_host || delete_host) {
942 c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
944 if (find_host && c) {
945 printf("# Host %s found: "
946 "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
948 ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
949 printhost(out, name, pub,
950 ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
952 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
953 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
954 } else if (hash_hosts) {
955 for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
956 cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
957 cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
959 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
960 "ignoring CA key for host: "
962 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
963 } else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
965 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
966 "ignoring host name with "
967 "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
969 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
971 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
981 fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
984 fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
985 "file because of errors\n");
995 /* Backup existing file */
996 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
997 fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
998 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
999 fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1001 /* Move new one into place */
1002 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1003 error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1010 fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1011 fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1013 fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1015 fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1024 * Perform changing a passphrase. The argument is the passwd structure
1025 * for the current user.
1028 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1031 char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1036 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1037 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1038 perror(identity_file);
1041 /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1042 private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1043 if (private == NULL) {
1044 if (identity_passphrase)
1045 old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1048 read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1050 private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1052 memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
1053 xfree(old_passphrase);
1054 if (private == NULL) {
1055 printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1059 printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1061 /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1062 if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1063 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1067 read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1068 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1069 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1072 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1073 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1074 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1075 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1078 printf("Pass phrases do not match. Try again.\n");
1081 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1082 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1086 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1087 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
1088 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1089 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1095 /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1096 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1098 key_free(private); /* Destroys contents */
1101 printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1106 * Print the SSHFP RR.
1109 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1112 char *comment = NULL;
1116 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1117 if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1118 if (errno == ENOENT)
1123 public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1124 if (public != NULL) {
1125 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1133 printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1138 * Change the comment of a private key file.
1141 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1143 char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1151 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1152 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1153 perror(identity_file);
1156 private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1157 if (private == NULL) {
1158 if (identity_passphrase)
1159 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1160 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1161 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1163 passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1165 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1166 private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1167 if (private == NULL) {
1168 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1170 printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1174 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1176 if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1177 fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1181 printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1183 if (identity_comment) {
1184 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1186 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1188 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1189 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1193 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1196 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1197 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
1198 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1199 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1205 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1207 public = key_from_private(private);
1210 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1211 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1213 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1216 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1218 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1221 if (!key_write(public, f))
1222 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1224 fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1229 printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1234 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1236 char from[32], to[32];
1237 static char ret[64];
1242 if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1245 if (valid_from != 0) {
1246 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1247 tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1248 tm = localtime(&tt);
1249 strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1251 if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1252 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1253 tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1254 tm = localtime(&tt);
1255 strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1258 if (valid_from == 0) {
1259 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1262 if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1263 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1267 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1272 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1274 debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1275 buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1276 buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1280 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1284 debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1286 buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1288 buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1289 buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1294 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL 1
1295 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS 2
1297 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1300 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1301 certflags_command != NULL)
1302 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1303 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1304 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1305 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1306 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1307 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1308 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1309 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1310 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1311 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1312 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1313 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1314 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1315 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1316 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1317 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1318 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1319 certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1320 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1324 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1326 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1327 Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1330 if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1331 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1333 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1334 debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1336 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1337 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1338 if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1348 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1349 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1353 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1358 char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1360 int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1362 if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1363 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1364 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1365 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1369 if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1372 } else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1376 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1382 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1383 if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1384 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1385 fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1386 } else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1387 fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1390 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1391 /* Split list of principals */
1393 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1394 otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1396 for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1397 plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1398 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1399 fatal("Empty principal name");
1404 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1405 if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1406 fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1407 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA)
1408 fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1409 __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1411 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1412 if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1413 fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1414 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1415 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1416 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1417 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1418 public->cert->principals = plist;
1419 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1420 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1422 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1423 OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1425 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1427 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
1428 OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1430 public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1432 if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1433 fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1435 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1437 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1440 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1441 fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1443 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1444 fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1445 if (!key_write(public, f))
1446 fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1447 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1451 logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %ju%s%s "
1452 "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1453 out, public->cert->key_id,
1454 (intmax_t)public->cert->serial,
1455 cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1456 cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1457 fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1468 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1472 mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1474 if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1475 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1476 if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1477 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1478 return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1482 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1489 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1490 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1491 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1493 switch (strlen(s)) {
1496 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1499 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1500 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1501 s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1504 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1507 bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
1508 if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1509 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1510 if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1511 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1512 return (u_int64_t)tt;
1516 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1519 time_t now = time(NULL);
1522 /* +timespec relative to now */
1523 if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1524 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1525 fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1526 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1528 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1529 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1531 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1537 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1538 * to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1540 from = xstrdup(timespec);
1541 to = strchr(from, ':');
1542 if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1543 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1546 if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1547 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1549 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1551 if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1552 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
1554 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1556 if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1557 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1562 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1566 if (strcmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1567 certflags_flags = 0;
1568 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1569 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1570 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1571 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1572 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1573 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1574 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1575 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1576 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1577 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1578 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1579 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1580 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1581 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1582 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1583 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1584 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1585 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1586 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1587 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1588 else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1591 fatal("Empty force-command option");
1592 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1593 fatal("force-command already specified");
1594 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1595 } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1598 fatal("Empty source-address option");
1599 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1600 fatal("source-address already specified");
1601 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1602 fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1603 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1605 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1609 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1611 u_char *name, *data;
1613 Buffer options, option;
1615 buffer_init(&options);
1616 buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1618 buffer_init(&option);
1619 while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1620 name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1621 data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1622 buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1623 printf(" %s", name);
1624 if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1625 (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1626 strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1627 strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1628 strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1629 strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1631 else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1632 (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1633 strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1634 data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
1635 printf(" %s\n", data);
1638 printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1639 buffer_len(&option));
1640 buffer_clear(&option);
1643 if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1644 fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1646 buffer_free(&option);
1647 buffer_free(&options);
1651 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1655 char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1659 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1660 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1661 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1662 if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1663 fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1664 if (!key_is_cert(key))
1665 fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1666 v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1668 key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1669 ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1670 SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1672 printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1673 printf(" Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1674 key_cert_type(key));
1675 printf(" Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1676 printf(" Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1677 key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1678 printf(" Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1680 printf(" Serial: %ju\n", (intmax_t)key->cert->serial);
1681 printf(" Valid: %s\n",
1682 fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1683 printf(" Principals: ");
1684 if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1687 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1689 key->cert->principals[i]);
1692 printf(" Critical Options: ");
1693 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
1697 show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1700 printf(" Extensions: ");
1701 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1705 show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1714 fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
1715 fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
1716 fprintf(stderr, " -a trials Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1717 fprintf(stderr, " -B Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
1718 fprintf(stderr, " -b bits Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
1719 fprintf(stderr, " -C comment Provide new comment.\n");
1720 fprintf(stderr, " -c Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
1721 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1722 fprintf(stderr, " -D pkcs11 Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
1724 fprintf(stderr, " -e Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
1725 fprintf(stderr, " -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
1726 fprintf(stderr, " -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
1727 fprintf(stderr, " -G file Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1728 fprintf(stderr, " -g Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
1729 fprintf(stderr, " -H Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
1730 fprintf(stderr, " -h Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
1731 fprintf(stderr, " -I key_id Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
1732 fprintf(stderr, " -i Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
1733 fprintf(stderr, " -L Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
1734 fprintf(stderr, " -l Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
1735 fprintf(stderr, " -M memory Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1736 fprintf(stderr, " -m key_fmt Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
1737 fprintf(stderr, " -N phrase Provide new passphrase.\n");
1738 fprintf(stderr, " -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
1739 fprintf(stderr, " -O option Specify a certificate option.\n");
1740 fprintf(stderr, " -P phrase Provide old passphrase.\n");
1741 fprintf(stderr, " -p Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
1742 fprintf(stderr, " -q Quiet.\n");
1743 fprintf(stderr, " -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
1744 fprintf(stderr, " -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
1745 fprintf(stderr, " -S start Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1746 fprintf(stderr, " -s ca_key Certify keys with CA key.\n");
1747 fprintf(stderr, " -T file Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1748 fprintf(stderr, " -t type Specify type of key to create.\n");
1749 fprintf(stderr, " -V from:to Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
1750 fprintf(stderr, " -v Verbose.\n");
1751 fprintf(stderr, " -W gen Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1752 fprintf(stderr, " -y Read private key file and print public key.\n");
1753 fprintf(stderr, " -z serial Specify a serial number.\n");
1759 * Main program for key management.
1762 main(int argc, char **argv)
1764 char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1765 char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *rr_hostname = NULL;
1766 Key *private, *public;
1771 u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
1772 int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
1773 BIGNUM *start = NULL;
1778 extern char *optarg;
1780 /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
1783 __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
1785 SSLeay_add_all_algorithms();
1786 log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1791 /* we need this for the home * directory. */
1792 pw = getpwuid(getuid());
1794 printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
1797 if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
1798 perror("gethostname");
1802 while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "degiqpclBHLhvxXyF:b:f:t:D:I:P:m:N:n:"
1803 "O:C:r:g:R:T:G:M:S:s:a:V:W:z:")) != -1) {
1806 bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 768, 32768, &errstr);
1808 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
1813 rr_hostname = optarg;
1819 cert_key_id = optarg;
1823 rr_hostname = optarg;
1829 print_fingerprint = 1;
1832 print_bubblebabble = 1;
1835 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
1836 strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
1837 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
1840 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
1841 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
1844 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
1845 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
1848 fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
1850 cert_principals = optarg;
1853 change_passphrase = 1;
1859 if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1860 sizeof(identity_file))
1861 fatal("Identity filename too long");
1868 identity_passphrase = optarg;
1871 identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
1874 add_cert_option(optarg);
1877 identity_comment = optarg;
1888 cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
1889 certflags_flags = 0;
1900 key_type_name = "dsa";
1903 ca_key_path = optarg;
1906 key_type_name = optarg;
1909 pkcs11provider = optarg;
1912 if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
1913 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
1915 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
1916 log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
1921 rr_hostname = optarg;
1924 generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
1927 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
1931 trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1933 fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
1937 memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1939 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
1942 do_gen_candidates = 1;
1943 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1945 fatal("Output filename too long");
1948 do_screen_candidates = 1;
1949 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1951 fatal("Output filename too long");
1954 /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
1955 if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
1956 fatal("Invalid start point.");
1959 parse_cert_times(optarg);
1962 cert_serial = strtonum(optarg, 0, LLONG_MAX, &errstr);
1964 fatal("Invalid serial number: %s", errstr);
1973 log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1978 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
1980 printf("Too few arguments.\n");
1983 } else if (argc > 0) {
1984 printf("Too many arguments.\n");
1987 if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
1988 printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
1991 if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
1992 printf("Cannot use -l with -D or -R.\n");
1995 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
1996 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
1997 fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
1998 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2002 if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2003 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2004 if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2006 if (change_passphrase)
2007 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2009 do_change_comment(pw);
2013 do_convert_from(pw);
2015 do_print_public(pw);
2016 if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2019 if (have_identity) {
2020 n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2021 identity_file, rr_hostname);
2023 perror(identity_file);
2029 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2030 _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2031 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2032 _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2035 fatal("no keys found.");
2039 if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2042 if (do_gen_candidates) {
2043 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2046 error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2047 out_file, strerror(errno));
2051 bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2052 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2053 fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2058 if (do_screen_candidates) {
2060 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2062 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2063 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2064 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2065 "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2072 fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2073 out_file, strerror(errno));
2075 if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted) != 0)
2076 fatal("modulus screening failed");
2082 if (key_type_name == NULL)
2083 key_type_name = "rsa";
2085 type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2086 if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
2087 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
2091 bits = (type == KEY_DSA) ? DEFAULT_BITS_DSA : DEFAULT_BITS;
2092 maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
2093 OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
2094 if (bits > maxbits) {
2095 fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
2098 if (type == KEY_DSA && bits != 1024)
2099 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
2101 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2102 private = key_generate(type, bits);
2103 if (private == NULL) {
2104 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2107 public = key_from_private(private);
2110 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2112 /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2113 snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2114 pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2115 if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2116 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2117 if (errno != ENOENT) {
2118 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2120 } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2121 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2122 dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2124 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2127 /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2128 if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2130 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2131 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2133 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2135 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2138 /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2139 if (identity_passphrase)
2140 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2141 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2142 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2146 read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2147 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2148 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2150 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2152 * The passphrases do not match. Clear them and
2155 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2156 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2159 printf("Passphrases do not match. Try again.\n");
2160 goto passphrase_again;
2162 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2163 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2167 if (identity_comment) {
2168 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2170 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2171 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2174 /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2175 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
2176 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2177 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2181 /* Clear the passphrase. */
2182 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2185 /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2190 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2192 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2193 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2195 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2198 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2200 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2203 if (!key_write(public, f))
2204 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2205 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2209 char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2210 char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2212 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2214 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2215 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2216 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");